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Advances in Medicine and Biology - Volume 133 (Hardcover)
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Advances in Medicine and Biology - Volume 133 (Hardcover)
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The management of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is complex and early
intervention is needed to prevent or delay the progression of the
disease. The severity of PsA and response to medication should
guide the proper treatment modality, as per the recent EULAR and
GRAPPA recommendations. In this collection, the authors begin by
examining conventional treatment options include non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease modifying
anti-rheumatic drugs. Next, the authors examine parasitic nematodes
which cause substantial production losses in grazing animals and
suffering in humans. Farmers treat animals with anthelmintics,
often in an unplanned way. Frequent whole flock and herd treatments
have encouraged the development of resistance as all worms in the
animals are exposed to anthelmintic. The single largest problem
with anthelmintic resistance is persuading farmers to adopt
strategies that slow the development and spread of resistance. The
authors go on to discuss the role of green fluorescent protein
(GFP) in animal diagnostic technologies, molecular tracking
techniques using GFP as fusion tags in studying proteinprotein
interactions and real time monitoring of host pathogen
interactions, as reporter tags in animal viral studies, in in-vitro
and in-vivo imaging of transgenic animals for genetic screening and
in animal marker vaccines and cancer studies. Following this, the
authors provide their understanding of pathogenesis in spinal cord
injury (SCI), the current therapeutic efforts and their
limitations, and the emerging roles of retinoids in neuroprotection
and functional recovery in SCI. Retinoids use retinoic acid
receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) in the cells for
modulation of expression of genes that eventually provide
neuroprotection in SC. Pap smears detect cytologic abnormalities
that indicate the possible presence of a pre-malignant lesion. The
cytologic suspicion of a high grade lesion presents the risk of
hiding a more severe dysplasia, which has a high risk of
progression to invasive neoplastic lesion. Thus, the authors
propose that adequate treatment and follow-up should be offered,
such as cytology repeat, HPV testing, colposcopy,
colposcopy-directed biopsy, or excision of the transformation zone.
The subsequent chapter deals with the criteria that can be leant
upon to prescribe retinoids for the off-label treatment of
dermatological diseases. Exemplary clinical cases are illustrated.
The author hopes to inspire creative physicians, and revamp
classical, time-honored therapeutic methodologies as well. This
book also discusses methods to study bacterial heterogeneity and
its influence on phenotypic drug resistance include flow cytometry
based approaches, RNA sequencing techniques, microfluidic
technology time-lapse microscopy and mass spectrometry-based
proteomic approaches. These technological advances are powerful
tools that enable us to explore and interrogate mechanisms of
bacterial heterogeneity in pathogen populations. Lastly, the
authors review the effects of how reproductive toxic exposures
induce apoptosis of male germ cells by affecting the spermatogenic
cells of the developing testis and investigate several possible
mechanisms underlying alkylating agent-induced reproductive
toxicity. Furthermore, an understanding of how cells cope with DNA
damage caused by alkylating agents is valuable in clinical
medicine.
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