Relations between Jews and non-Jews in the Hellenistic-Roman
period were marked by suspicion and hate, maintain most studies of
that topic. But if such conjectures are true, asks Louis Feldman,
how did Jews succeed in winning so many adherents, whether
full-fledged proselytes or "sympathizers" who adopted one or more
Jewish practices? Systematically evaluating attitudes toward Jews
from the time of Alexander the Great to the fifth century A.D.,
Feldman finds that Judaism elicited strongly positive and not
merely unfavorable responses from the non-Jewish population. Jews
were a vigorous presence in the ancient world, and Judaism was
strengthened substantially by the development of the Talmud.
Although Jews in the Diaspora were deeply Hellenized, those who
remained in Israel were able to resist the cultural inroads of
Hellenism and even to initiate intellectual counterattacks.
Feldman draws on a wide variety of material, from Philo,
Josephus, and other Graeco-Jewish writers through the Apocrypha,
the Pseudepigrapha, the Church Councils, Church Fathers, and
imperial decrees to Talmudic and Midrashic writings and
inscriptions and papyri. What emerges is a rich description of a
long era to which conceptions of Jewish history as uninterrupted
weakness and suffering do not apply.
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