Florence Nightingale began working on hospital reform even
before she founded her famous school of nursing; hospitals were
dangerous places for nurses as well as patients, and they urgently
needed fundamental reform. She continued to work on safer hospital
design, location, and materials to the end of her working life,
advising on plans for children's, general, military, and
convalescent hospitals and workhouse infirmaries.
"Florence Nightingale and Hospital Reform," the final volume in
the Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, includes her
influential "Notes on Hospitals," with its much-quoted musing on
the need of a Hippocratic oath for hospitals--namely, that first
they should do the sick no harm. Nightingale's anonymous articles
on hospital design are printed here also, as are later encyclopedia
entries on hospitals.
Correspondence with architects, engineers, doctors,
philanthropists, local notables, and politicians is included. The
results of these letters, some with detailed critiques of hospital
plans, can be seen initially in the great British examples of the
new "pavilion" design--at St. Thomas', London (a civil hospital),
at the Herbert Hospital (military), and later at many hospitals
throughout the UK and internationally. Nightingale's insistence on
keeping good statistics to track rates of mortality and hospital
stays, and on using them to compare hospitals, can be seen as good
advice for today, given the new versions of "hospital-acquired
infections" she combatted.
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