African American Golfers During the Jim Crow Era (Hardcover)

Throughout the period of legally supported segregation in the United States, practices of racial discrimination, touching every sector of American life, prevented African Americans from participating formally in professional sports. "Jim Crow" policies remained in place in baseball, football, and basketball until a few years before the Supreme Court struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine in 1954. By the late 1950s, the African American presence was felt in major sports. But this was not the case in professional golf, which continued to maintain segregation policies perpetuating the stereotype that African Americans were suited only to caddie roles in support of white players. The Professional Golfers Association, unaffected by the 1954 Brown decision since it was a private organization, maintained a "Caucasian only" membership clause until 1961. All-white private clubs maintained racial exclusion until the PGA Championship Shoal Creek Country Club Affair in 1990. Using black newspapers, archives, interviews with living professional golfers and other informants, and black club records, Dawkins and Kinloch reconstruct the world of segregated African American golf from the 1890s onward. In the process they show the pivotal role of Joe Louis, who claimed his hardest fight was the one against segregated golf. While others have documented the rise of an African American presence in other sports, no comparable efforts have traced their roles in golf. This is a pioneering work that will be a resource for other writers and researchers and all who are interested in Black life in American society and sports.

General

Imprint:	Praeger Publishers Inc
Country of origin:	United States
Release date:	2000
First published:	2000
Authors:	Marvin P. Dawkins • Graham Kinloch
Dimensions:	235 x 155 x 21mm (L x W x T)
Format:	Hardcover
Pages:	200
ISBN-13:	978-0-275-95940-1
Categories:	Books > Humanities > History > American history > General Books > Humanities > History > History of specific subjects > Social & cultural history Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Ethnic studies > General Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Social issues > Equal opportunities Books > Sport & Leisure > Sports & outdoor recreation > Ball games > Golf Books > Humanities > History > World history > From 1900 > General Books > History > American history > General Books > History > History of specific subjects > Social & cultural history Books > History > World history > From 1900 > General Promotions
LSN:	0-275-95940-6
Barcode:	9780275959401

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