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Books > Business & Economics > Economics > Labour economics
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Making Machines of Animals - The International Livestock Exposition (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R1,603
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Making Machines of Animals - The International Livestock Exposition (Hardcover)
Series: Animals, History, Culture
Expected to ship within 18 - 22 working days
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How the Chicago International Livestock Exposition leveraged the
eugenics movement to transform animals into machines and
industrialize American agriculture. In 1900, the Chicago
International Livestock Exposition became the epicenter of
agricultural reform that focused on reinventing animals' bodies to
fit a modern, industrial design. Chicago meatpackers partnered with
land-grant university professors to create the International--a
spectacle on the scale of a world's fair--with the intention of
setting the standard for animal quality and, in doing so,
transformed American agriculture. In Making Machines of Animals,
Neal A. Knapp explains the motivations of both the meatpackers and
the professors, describing how they deployed the International to
redefine animality itself. Both professors and packers hoped to
replace so-called scrub livestock with "improved" animals and
created a new taxonomy of animal quality based on the burgeoning
eugenics movement. The International created novel definitions of
animal superiority and codified new norms, resulting in a dramatic
shift in animal weight, body size, and market age. These changes
transformed the animals from multipurpose to single-purpose
products. These standardized animals and their dependence on
off-the-farm inputs and exchanges limited farmers' choices
regarding husbandry and marketing, ultimately undermining any goals
for balanced farming or the maintenance and regeneration of soil
fertility. Drawing on land-grant university research and
publications, meatpacker records and propaganda, and newspaper and
agricultural journal articles, Knapp critiques the supposed
market-oriented, efficiency-driven industrial reforms proffered by
the International, which were underpinned by irrational, racist
ideologies. The livestock reform movement not only resulted in
cruel and violent outcomes for animals but also led to
twentieth-century crops and animal husbandry that were rife with
inefficiencies and agricultural vulnerabilities.
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