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The African American Press in World War II - Toward Victory at Home and Abroad (Hardcover)
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The African American Press in World War II - Toward Victory at Home and Abroad (Hardcover)
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Black journalists have vigorously exercised their First Amendment
right since the founding of Freedom's Journal in 1827. World War II
was no different in this regard, and Paul Alkebulan argues that it
was the most important moment in the long history of that important
institution. American historians have often postulated that WWII
was a pivotal moment for the modern civil rights movement. This
argument is partially based on the pressing need to convincingly
appeal to the patriotism and self-interest of black citizens in the
fight against fascism and its racial doctrines. This appeal would
have to recognize long standing and well-known grievances of
African Americans and offer some immediate resolution to these
problems, such as increased access to better housing and improved
job prospects. 230 African American newspapers were prime actors in
this struggle. Black editors and journalists gave a coherent and
organized voice to the legitimate aspirations and grievances of
African Americans for decades prior to WWII. In addition, they
presented an alternative and more inclusive vision of democracy.
The African American Press in World War II: Toward Victory at Home
and Abroad shows how they accomplished this goal, and is different
from other works in this field because it interprets WWII at home
and abroad through the eyes of a diverse black press. Alkebulan
shows the wide ranging interest of the press prior to the war and
during the conflict. Labor union struggles, equal funding for black
education, the criminal justice system, and the Italian invasion of
Ethiopia were some of subjects covered before and during the war.
Historians tend to write as if the African American press was
ideologically homogenous, but, according to Alkebulan, this is not
the case. For example, prior to the war, African American
journalists were both sympathetic and opposed to Japanese ambitions
in the Pacific. A. Philip Randolph's socialist journal The
Messenger accurately warned against Imperial Japan's activities in
Asia during WWI. There are other instances that run counter to the
common wisdom. During World War II the Negro Newspaper Publishers
Association not only pursued equal rights at home but also lectured
blacks (military and civilian) about the need to avoid any behavior
that would have a negative impact on the public image of the civil
rights movement. The African American Press in World War II
explores press coverage of international affairs in more depth than
similar works. The African American press tended to conflate the
civil rights movement with the anti-colonial struggle taking place
in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. Alkebulan demonstrates how
George Padmore and W.E.B. Du Bois were instrumental in this trend.
While it heightened interest in anti-colonialism, it also failed to
delineate crucial differences between fighting for national
independence and demanding equal citizenship rights in one's native
land.
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