Offering a comprehensive narrative of the early history of
stereochemistry, Dr Ramberg explores the reasons for and the
consequences of the fundamental change in the meaning of chemical
formulas with the emergence of stereochemistry during the last
quarter of the nineteenth century. As yet relatively unexplored by
historians, the development of stereochemistry - the study of the
three-dimensional properties of molecules - provides a superb case
study for exploring the meaning and purpose of chemical formulas,
as it entailed a significant change in the meaning of chemical
formulas from the purely chemical conception of 'structure' to the
physico-chemical conception of molecules provided by the
tetrahedral carbon atom. This study is the first to treat the
emergence of the unique visual language of organic chemistry
between 1830 and 1874 to place in context the near simultaneous
proposal of the tetrahedral carbon atom by J.H. van 't Hoff and
J.A. Le Bel in 1874. Dr Ramberg then examines the research programs
in stereochemistry by Johannes Wislicenus, Arthur Hantzsch, Victor
Meyer, Carl Bischoff, Emil Fischer and Alfred Werner, showing how
the emergence of stereochemistry was a logical continuation of
established research traditions in chemistry. In so doing, he also
illustrates the novel and controversial characteristics of
stereochemical ideas, especially the unprecedented use of
mechanistic and dynamic principles in chemical explanation.
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