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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 147 (Hardcover, 2003 ed.)
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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology 147 (Hardcover, 2003 ed.)
Series: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 147
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Ligand-gated ion channels mediate fast synaptic transmission in the
central nervous s- tem (CNS) and at ganglionic and neuromuscular
synapses. The nicotinic acetylcholine - ceptor (nAChR) is a member
of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily, which includes the
5-HT , glycine and GABA type A and C receptors. These receptors are
known as Cys- 3 loop receptors, as all of them have a conserved
sequence containing a pair of cysteines separated by 13 residues
and linked by a disulfide bridge. nAChRs can be divided into two
groups: muscle receptors, which are found at the skeletal
neuromuscular junction where they mediate neuromuscular
transmission, and neuronal receptors, which are found throughout
the peripheral and central nervous system. Many of the early
studies carried out on the subunit composition and structure of the
nAChRs were performed on receptors isolated from the electric organ
of Torpedo californica, as this tissue is very rich in nAChRs, and
they were found to have a high degree of homology with the
embryonic v- tebrate muscle type receptor. Muscle nAChRs are made
up of five subunits arranged around a central pore (Fig. 1A, B). In
Torpedo electric organ and vertebrate fetal muscle, the subunit
composition is (a1) b1gd, and in adult muscle the g subunit is
replaced by the e to give an (a1)b1ed 2 2 composition (Mishina et
al. 1986).
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