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Negative Co-Receptors and Ligands (Hardcover, 2011 Ed.)
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Negative Co-Receptors and Ligands (Hardcover, 2011 Ed.)
Series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 350
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Adaptive immune responses serve as a key defense mechanism for the
control of infections in vertebrates. Immune responses must be of
sufficient strength to contain invading pathogens, antigen specific
responses require regulatory mechanisms to ensure termination or
downmodulation to avoid excessive damage to the host tissue. For
both branches of the adaptive immune system, regulatory molecules
i.e. coreceptors and ligands have been identified that control the
signaling cascades initiated by engagement of the T cell and B cell
antigen receptors. This book describes biological functions as well
as molecular mechanisms of these molecules. Fc Receptor-Like
molecules (FCRL) that have garnered increasing interest due to
their differential patterns of lymphocyte expression and potential
involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders,
immunodeficiency and lymphoid malignancies in humans. Programmed
cell death-1 (PD-1) delivers negative signals upon interaction with
its two ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2. The biological significance of
PD-1 and its ligand suggest the therapeutic potential of
manipulation of PD-1 pathway against various human diseases. TIM-3
acts as a negative regulator of Th1/Tc1 cell function by triggering
cell death upon interaction with its ligand, galectin-9. This
negative regulatory function of TIM-3 has now been expanded to
include its involvement in establishing and/or maintaining a state
of T cell dysfunction or exhaustion' observed in chronic viral
diseases. The Ly49 receptors, which are expressed in a stochastic
manner on subsets of murine Natural Killer (NK) cells, T cells, and
other cells, are encoded by the Klra gene family and include
receptors with either inhibitory or activating function. Most of
the inhibitory Ly49 receptors recognize polymorphic epitopes on
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins as ligands.
Fc-receptors for IgG (Fc?Rs) are widely expressed on innate immune
effector cells in
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