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Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995)
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Biology as Society, Society as Biology: Metaphors (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1995)
Series: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, 18
Expected to ship within 10 - 17 working days
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not lie in the conceptual distinctions but in the perceived
functions of metaphors and whether in the concrete case they are
judged positive or negative. The ongoing debates reflect these
concerns quite clearly~ namely that metaphors are judged on the
basis of supposed dangers they pose and opportunities they offer.
These are the criteria of evaluation that are obviously dependent
on the context in which the transfer of meaning occurs. Our
fundamental concern is indeed the transfer itself~ its prospects
and its limits. Looking at possible functions of metaphors is one
approach to under standing and elucidating sentiments about them.
The papers in this volume illustrate, by quite different examples,
three basic functions of metaphors: illustrative, heuristic~ and
constitutive. These functions rep resent different degrees of
transfer of meaning. Metaphors are illustrative when they are used
primarily as a literary device, to increase the power of conviction
of an argument, for example. Although the difference between the
illustrative and the heuristic function of metaphors is not great,
it does exist: metaphors are used for heuristic purposes whenever
"differences" of meaning are employed to open new perspectives and
to gain new insights. In the case of "constitutive" metaphors they
function to actually replace previous meanings by new ones. Sabine
Maasen in her paper introduces the distinction between transfer and
transforma tion.
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