Early in the 20th century, our world was small and closed with
boundaries. And, there were no appreciable changes. Therefore, we
could foresee the future. These days, however, we could apply
mathematical rationality and solve problems without any difficulty.
As our world began to expand rapidly and boundaries disappeared,
the problem of bounded rationality emerged. Engineeres put forth
tremendous effort to overcome this difficulty and succeeded in
expanding the bounds of mathematical rationality, thereby
establishing the ""Controllable World."" However, our world
continues to expand. Therefore such an approach can no longer be
applied. We have no other choice than ""satisficing"" (Herbert A.
Simon's word, Satisfy + Suffice). This expanding open world brought
us frequent and extensive changes which are unpredictable and
diversification and personalization of customer expectations. To
cope with these situations, we need diverse knowledge and
experience. Thus, to satisfy our customers, we need teamwork. These
changes of environments and situations transformed the meaning of
value. It used to mean excellent functions and exact
reproducibility. Now, it means how good and flexible we can be to
adapt to the situations. Thus, adaptability is the value today.
Although these changes were big, and we needed to re-define value,
a greater shift in engineering is now emerging. The Internet of
Things (IoT) brought us the ""Connected Society,"" where things are
connected. Things include not only products, but also humans. As
changes are so frequent and extensive, only users know what is
happening right now. Thus, the user in this Connected Society needs
to be a playing manager-he or she should manage to control the
product-human team on the pitch. Moreover, this Connected Society
will bring us another big shift in engineering. Engineering in this
framework will become Social Networking, with engineering no longer
developing individual products and managing team products. The
Internet works two ways between the sender and the receiver. Our
engineering has ever been only one way. Thus, how we establish a
social networking framework for engineering is a big challenge
facing us today. This will change our engineering. Engineers are
expected to develop not only products, but also such dream society.
This book discusses these issues and points out that New Horizons
are emerging before us. It is hoped that this book helps readers
explore and establish their own New Worlds.
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