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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Diseases & disorders > Immunology
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Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues (Hardcover, 2006 ed.)
Loot Price: R2,537
Discovery Miles 25 370
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Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues (Hardcover, 2006 ed.)
Series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 308
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The intestine is the front line of the confrontation between
pathogens and the immune system. However, it is also important to
emphasize that we have a symbiotic relationship with innumerable
bacteria in the intestine. In the gastrointestinal tract of mammals
the lower intestine harbors around 1,000 12 species of anaerobic
and aerobic bacteria, in densities up to 10 /mlinthe distal small
intestine, the cecum, and the colon. A single layer of epithelial
cells of the intestine protects the internal organs of the
mammalian host from these bacteria. Below these epithelial cells
the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), organized in Peyer's
patches, cryptopatches, and isolated l- phoid follicles, as well as
isolated, dispersed single cells in the epithelial layer
(intraepithelial lymphocytes) and lamina propria, are composed of T
l- phocytes, B lymphocytes, Ig-secreting plasma cells, and
antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells. The importance of
the gut barrier is striking, if we consider that in humans the
epithelial surface, behind which the immune system faces and senses
the endogenous bacteria, is estimated to be as large as a
basketball court. Perhaps not surprising then, the gut contains
appr- imately half of all lymphocytes of our immune system.
Colonization of the intestine with the ?ora of commensal bacteria
induces the development of the GALT, which in turn responds by the
development of IgA-secreting plasma cells. Dimeric and multimeric
IgAs can traverse the epithelial layer and are released in the gut
lumen, where they bind bacteria.
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