Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Renal medicine
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Neural Control of Renal Function (Paperback)
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Neural Control of Renal Function (Paperback)
Series: Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology
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The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers
reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular
granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves
are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent
renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and
urinary sodium excretion by activation of 1-adrenoceptors and
increase renin secretion rate by activation of 1-adrenoceptors. In
response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent
renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to
homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal
mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic
tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude
that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Activation of the
sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response
consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve
activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic
nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in
turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by
activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the
afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic
nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance.
In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the
inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately
increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence
of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is
a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the
kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that
renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial
pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and
afferent renal nerves in hypertension. Table of Contents: Part I:
Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy /
Neural Control of Renal Hemodynamics / Neural Control of Renal
Tubular Function / Neural Control of Renin Secretion Rate / Part
II: Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Introduction / Neuroanatomy /
Renorenal Reflexes / Mechanisms Involved in the Activation of
Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves / Part III: Pathophysiological States
/ Efferent Renal Sympathetic Nerves / Afferent Renal Sensory Nerves
/ Conclusions / References
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