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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Cardiovascular medicine
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Diuretics: Basic, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects - Proceedings of the International Meeting on Diuretics, Sorrento, Italy, May 26-30, 1986 (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1987)
Loot Price: R5,235
Discovery Miles 52 350
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Diuretics: Basic, Pharmacological, and Clinical Aspects - Proceedings of the International Meeting on Diuretics, Sorrento, Italy, May 26-30, 1986 (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1987)
Series: Developments in Nephrology, 18
Expected to ship within 18 - 22 working days
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The need for adequate means by which to improve urine output is
very old. Even in the "Scuola Salernitana", the oldest medieval
medical school in Western Europe, about 1000 years ago it was
taught how to improve urine output. The list of known "diuretica"
included herbs, plants, roots, vegetables, in particular asparagus,
fennel and carrot. The first diuretic drugs, however, were
mercurial compounds. Thus, calomel, mercurous chloride, was
initially used as a diuretic in the sixteenth century by
Paracelsus, being one of the ingredients of the so-called "Guy's
Hospital pill". But calomel had a cathartic effect so that it was
replaced by organic mercurial compounds. These diuretics were
clearly toxic. After the discovery of the car bonic anhydrase, in
the early 1930s, and the introduction of sulfanilamide as a
chemotherapeutic agent, it was observed that this drug was
inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in vitro and urinary acidification in
vivo thereby causing metabolic acidosis; urine output, however,
appeared to increase. Subsequent studies led to the synthesis of
more potent analogs, in particular acetazolamide. Studies on car
bonic anhydrase inhibitors led to the synthesis of
benzothiadiazides which disclosed much less inactivating action on
carbonic anhydrase and much more diuretic effect through an
inhibition of tubular transport of sodium and chloride.
Chlorothiazide was the first member of this class of diuretics.
Thiazides are still used in clinical practice.
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