Mathematically, natural disasters of all types are characterized
by heavy tailed distributions. The analysis of such distributions
with common methods, such as averages and dispersions, can
therefore lead to erroneous conclusions. The statistical methods
described in this book avoid such pitfalls. Seismic disasters are
studied, primarily thanks to the availability of an ample
statistical database. New approaches are presented to seismic risk
estimation and forecasting the damage caused by earthquakes,
ranging from typical, moderate events to very rare, extreme
disasters. Analysis of these latter events is based on the limit
theorems of probability and the duality of the generalized Pareto
distribution and generalized extreme value distribution. It is
shown that the parameter most widely used to estimate seismic risk
Mmax, the maximum possible earthquake value is potentially
non-robust. Robust analogues of this parameter are suggested and
calculated for some seismic catalogues. Trends in the costs
inferred by damage from natural disasters as related to changing
social and economic situations are examined for different
regions.
The results obtained argue for sustainable development, whereas
entirely different, incorrect conclusions can be drawn if the
specific properties of the heavy-tailed distribution and change in
completeness of data on natural hazards are neglected.
This pioneering work is directed at risk assessment specialists
in general, seismologists, administrators and all those interested
in natural disasters and their impact on society."
General
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