This monograph provides a comprehensive study about how a dilute
gas described by the Boltzmann equation responds under extreme
nonequilibrium conditions. This response is basically characterized
by nonlinear transport equations relating fluxes and hydrodynamic
gradients through generalized transport coefficients that depend on
the strength of the gradients. In addition, many interesting
phenomena (e.g. chemical reactions or other processes with a high
activation energy) are strongly influenced by the population of
particles with an energy much larger than the thermal velocity,
what motivates the analysis of high-degree velocity moments and the
high energy tail of the distribution function.
The authors have chosen to focus on shear flows with simple
geometries, both for single gases and for gas mixtures. This allows
them to cover the subject in great detail. Some of the topics
analyzed include:
-Non-Newtonian or rheological transport properties, such as the
nonlinear shear viscosity and the viscometric functions.
-Asymptotic character of the Chapman-Enskog expansion.
-Divergence of high-degree velocity moments.
-Algebraic high energy tail of the distribution function.
-Shear-rate dependence of the nonequilibrium entropy.
-Long-wavelength instability of shear flows.
-Shear thickening in disparate-mass mixtures.
-Nonequilibrium phase transition in the tracer limit of a sheared
binary mixture.
-Diffusion in a strongly sheared mixture.
The text can be read as a whole or can be used as a resource for
selected topics from specific chapters.
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