Submarine mass movements represent major offshore geohazards due
to their destructive and tsunami-generation potential. This
potential poses a threat to human life as well as to coastal,
nearshore and offshore engineering structures. Recent examples of
catastrophic submarine landslide events that affected human
populations (including tsunamis) are numerous; e.g., Nice airport
in 1979, Papua-New Guinea in 1998, Stromboli in 2002, Finneidfjord
in 1996, and the 2006 and 2009 failures in the submarine cable
network around Taiwan. The Great East Japan Earthquake in March
2011 also generated submarine landslides that may have amplified
effects of the devastating tsunami. Given that 30% of the World 's
population live within 60 km of the coast, the hazard posed by
submarine landslides is expected to grow as global sea level rises.
This elevated awareness of the need for better understanding of
underwater landslides is coupled with great advances in underwater
mapping, sampling and monitoring technologies, laboratory analogue
and numerical modeling capabilities developed over the past two
decades. Multibeam sonar, 3D seismic reflection, and remote and
autonomous underwater vehicle technologies provide hitherto
unparalleled imagery of the geology beneath the oceans, permitting
investigation of submarine landslide deposits in great detail.
Increased and new access to drilling, coring, in situ measurements
and monitoring devices allows for ground-thruthing geophysical
data, provides access to samples for geotechnical laboratory
experiments and unprecedented in situ information on strength and
effective stress conditions of underwater slopes susceptible to
fail. Great advances in numerical simulation of submarine landslide
kinematics and tsunami propagation, particularly since the 2004
Sumatra tsunami, have also lead to increased understanding and
predictability of submarine landslide consequences.
This volume consists of the latest scientific research by
international experts in geological, geophysical, engineering and
environmental aspects of submarine mass failure, focused on
understanding the full spectrum of challenges presented by
submarine mass movements and their consequences.
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