Studies related to pathogen-mediated virus resistance in plants were instrumental in providing some of the historical observations which ultimately led to the vital discovery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced gene silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), which has since revolutionized research on plant-virus interactions. In Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study the phenomenon of RNA silencing in relation to viral infections of plants. These include methods and techniques for the isolation and quantitative/qualitative analyses of plant small 21-24 nucleotide RNAs such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as the analysis and manipulation of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledenous plants and the use of hairpin RNA (hpRNA) transgenes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of this crucially important botanical trait.

The book focuses on the Internet of Things and Beidou system application. Both principles and engineering practice have been addressed, with more weight placed on engineering practice. This is achieved by providing in-depth studies on a number of major topics of Beidou system application with the Internet of Things. Such comprehensive and systematic analysis is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn practical solutions in Beidou system application. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of positioning and navigation, geospatial engineering, telecommunications, etc.

Translating Tagore's 'Stray Birds' into Chinese explores the choices in poetry translation in light of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and illustrates the ways in which readers can achieve a deeper understanding of translated works in English and Chinese. Focusing on Rabindranath Tagore's 'Stray Birds', a collection of elegant and philosophical poems, as a source text, Ma and Wang analyse four Chinese target texts by Zheng Zhenduo, Yao Hua, Lu Jinde and Feng Tang and consider their linguistic complexities through SFL. This book analyses the source text and the target texts from the perspectives of the four strata of language, including graphology, phonology, lexicogrammar and context. Ideal for researchers and academics of SFL, Translation Studies, Linguistics, and Discourse Analysis, Translating Tagore's 'Stray Birds' into Chinese provides an in-depth exploration of SFL and its emerging prominence in the field of Translation Studies.

This collection reflects on developments in the field of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as embodied in the body of work of key figure Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen, highlighting his diverse contributions to the field from theoretical and applied perspectives. The book surveys Matthiessen’s academic career and illustrates the myriad ways in which his work has reverberated through to current innovations in SFL research. The volume surveys his theoretical contributions on major linguistic topics, and his influence on the development of SFL. Written by some of the world’s foremost scholars in the field, chapters cover such topics as theories of SFL and its applications in different domains and the developmental trajectories of SFL in major geographic areas. Addressing the key issues in SFL through the lens of Matthiessen’s career, this book is an accessible resource for students and scholars in systemic functional linguistics, as well as those interested in the systemic functional approach in related areas within linguistics.

Presents a unique description of lexis and syntax of Chinese Examines the influence of Western languages on Mandarin Chinese A classic work on Chinese grammar by one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists

Presents a unique description of lexis and syntax of Chinese Examines the influence of Western languages on Mandarin Chinese A classic work on Chinese grammar by one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists

Presents a unique description of lexis and syntax of Chinese Examines the influence of Western languages on Mandarin Chinese A classic work on Chinese grammar by one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists

Presents a unique description of lexis and syntax of Chinese Examines the influence of Western languages on Mandarin Chinese A classic work on Chinese grammar by one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists

*The first book to provide an accessible introduction to the life and work of the late MAK Halliday, who was one of the world's leading linguists *Halliday's theories changed the way languages are taught and learned, introducing a functional approach and his work is of wide interest within linguistics, applied linguistics and language learning *This is the most accessible and reader-friendly of books about Halliday ,clearly defining key terms, theories and applications of systemic functional linguistics for a student audience

*The first book to provide an accessible introduction to the life and work of the late MAK Halliday, who was one of the world's leading linguists *Halliday's theories changed the way languages are taught and learned, introducing a functional approach and his work is of wide interest within linguistics, applied linguistics and language learning *This is the most accessible and reader-friendly of books about Halliday ,clearly defining key terms, theories and applications of systemic functional linguistics for a student audience

The book introduces SFTS as a research field, tracing its development and situating the contributions of the scholars interviewed within this tradition Taken together, the collection offers a comprehensive account of theoretical and methodological developments in SFTS, with critical overviews of these scholars' body of work within the research area and reflections on the emerging research that pushes SFTS scholarship into new frontiers.

Translating Tagore's 'Stray Birds' into Chinese explores the choices in poetry translation in light of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and illustrates the ways in which readers can achieve a deeper understanding of translated works in English and Chinese. Focusing on Rabindranath Tagore's 'Stray Birds', a collection of elegant and philosophical poems, as a source text, Ma and Wang analyse four Chinese target texts by Zheng Zhenduo, Yao Hua, Lu Jinde and Feng Tang and consider their linguistic complexities through SFL. This book analyses the source text and the target texts from the perspectives of the four strata of language, including graphology, phonology, lexicogrammar and context. Ideal for researchers and academics of SFL, Translation Studies, Linguistics, and Discourse Analysis, Translating Tagore's 'Stray Birds' into Chinese provides an in-depth exploration of SFL and its emerging prominence in the field of Translation Studies.

This book features a collection of 10 interviews with Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen, who is a key figure in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and has collaborated closely with M.A.K. Halliday since the 1980s. As noted by Professor Chang Chenguang, Editor of the M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series, "this collection of interviews serves as an important reference for scholars and students of SFL. It provides a unique perspective on the theoretical development and future outlooks of SFL, as well as Matthiessen's own interpretations of the theory. It also enriches our understanding of SFL and is a very useful addition to the series." Written in an engaging dialogic format, the book paints a vivid picture of SFL thriving among the landscape of general linguistics and of SFL as an important tool now being applied in various areas.

Lao She's Teahouse and Its Two English Translations: Exploring Chinese Drama Translation with Systemic Functional Linguistics provides an in-depth application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to the study of Chinese drama translation, and theoretically explores the interface between SFL and drama translation. Investigating two English translations of the Chinese drama, Teahouse ( Cha Guan in Chinese) by Lao She, and translated by John Howard-Gibbon and Ying Ruocheng respectively, Bo Wang and Yuanyi Ma apply Systemic Functional Linguistics to point out the choices that translators have to make in translation. This book is of interest to graduates and researchers of Chinese translation and discourse studies.

This book comprises refereed papers presented at The International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Power Engineering (AIPE2020), held in Moscow, Russia, on December 25-27, 2020. The book's/conference's general scope covers the latest advances for the development of artificial intelligence systems and their applications in various fields from power engineering to biology and education. Given the rapid development of artificial intelligence systems, the book emphasizes the need for the intensification of training of a growing number of relevant specialists, in particular, in energy and power engineering to increase the effectiveness of creation and diagnosing of appropriate technical solutions. In digital artificial intelligence systems, scientists endeavor to reproduce the innate intellectual abilities of humans and other organisms. The in-depth study of biological and self-organizing systems provides new approaches to create more and more effective artificial intelligence methods. Topics of the included papers concern thematic materials in the following spheres: mathematics and computer algorithms; analysis of some technical solutions; technological and educational approaches. The book is a compilation of state-of-the-art papers in the field, covering a comprehensive range of subjects that are relevant to business managers and engineering professionals alike. The breadth and depth of these proceedings make them an excellent resource for asset management practitioners, researchers, and academics, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in artificial intelligence systems and their growing applications. The intended readership includes specialists, students, and other circles of readers who would like to know where artificial intelligence systems can be applied in the future with great benefit.

Lao She's Teahouse and Its Two English Translations: Exploring Chinese Drama Translation with Systemic Functional Linguistics provides an in-depth application of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to the study of Chinese drama translation, and theoretically explores the interface between SFL and drama translation. Investigating two English translations of the Chinese drama, Teahouse ( Cha Guan in Chinese) by Lao She, and translated by John Howard-Gibbon and Ying Ruocheng respectively, Bo Wang and Yuanyi Ma apply Systemic Functional Linguistics to point out the choices that translators have to make in translation. This book is of interest to graduates and researchers of Chinese translation and discourse studies.

Studies related to pathogen-mediated virus resistance in plants were instrumental in providing some of the historical observations which ultimately led to the vital discovery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced gene silencing or RNA interference (RNAi), which has since revolutionized research on plant-virus interactions. In Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study the phenomenon of RNA silencing in relation to viral infections of plants. These include methods and techniques for the isolation and quantitative/qualitative analyses of plant small 21-24 nucleotide RNAs such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as the analysis and manipulation of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledenous plants and the use of hairpin RNA (hpRNA) transgenes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Antiviral Resistance in Plants: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further study of this crucially important botanical trait.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Information Retrieval Societies Conference, AIRS 2012, held in Tianjin, China, in December 2012. The 22 full papers and 26 poster presentations included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: IR models; evaluation and user studies; NLP for IR; machine learning and data mining; social media; IR applications; multimedia IT and indexing; collaborative and federated search; and the poster session.

From the beginning of software time, people have wondered why it isn't possible to accelerate software projects by simply adding staff. This is sometimes known as the "nine women can't make a baby in one month" problem. The most famous treatise declaring this to be impossible is Fred Brooks' 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month, in which he declares that "adding more programmers to a late software project makes it later," and indeed this has proven largely true over the decades. Aided by a domain-driven code generator that quickly creates database and API code, Parallel Agile (PA) achieves significant schedule compression using parallelism: as many developers as necessary can independently and concurrently develop the scenarios from initial prototype through production code. Projects can scale by elastic staffing, rather than by stretching schedules for larger development efforts. Schedule compression with a large team of developers working in parallel is analogous to hardware acceleration of compute problems using parallel CPUs. PA has some similarities with and differences from other Agile approaches. Like most Agile methods, PA "gets to code early" and uses feedback from executable software to drive requirements and design. PA uses technical prototyping as a risk-mitigation strategy, to help sanity-check requirements for feasibility, and to evaluate different technical architectures and technologies. Unlike many Agile methods, PA does not support "design by refactoring," and it doesn't drive designs from unit tests. Instead, PA uses a minimalist UML-based design approach (Agile/ICONIX) that starts out with a domain model to facilitate communication across the development team, and partitions the system along use case boundaries, which enables parallel development. Parallel Agile is fully compatible with the Incremental Commitment Spiral Model (ICSM), which involves concurrent effort of a systems engineering team, a development team, and a test team working alongside the developers. The authors have been researching and refining the PA process for several years on multiple test projects that have involved over 200 developers. The book's example project details the design of one of these test projects, a crowdsourced traffic safety system.

This book features a collection of 10 interviews with Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen, who is a key figure in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and has collaborated closely with M.A.K. Halliday since the 1980s. As noted by Professor Chang Chenguang, Editor of the M.A.K. Halliday Library Functional Linguistics Series, “this collection of interviews serves as an important reference for scholars and students of SFL. It provides a unique perspective on the theoretical development and future outlooks of SFL, as well as Matthiessen’s own interpretations of the theory. It also enriches our understanding of SFL and is a very useful addition to the series.” Written in an engaging dialogic format, the book paints a vivid picture of SFL thriving among the landscape of general linguistics and of SFL as an important tool now being applied in various areas.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the MICCAI 2022 Challenge, FLARE 2022, held in Conjunction with MICCAI 2022, in Singapore, on September 22, 2022. The 28 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 48 submissions. The papers present research and results for abdominal organ segmentation which has many important clinical applications, such as organ quantification, surgical planning, and disease diagnosis.

This book includes refereed papers presented at the Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Power Engineering (AIPE2021), which was held in Moscow, Russia, on December 17-19, 2021. The general scope of the book includes the most recent advances in the development of artificial intelligence systems and their applications in a variety of fields, ranging from power engineering to biology and education. Given the rapid development of artificial intelligence systems, the book emphasizes the importance of intensifying training for a growing number of relevant specialists, particularly in energy and power engineering, in order to improve the effectiveness of the creation and diagnosis of appropriate technical solutions. Scientists are attempting to replicate the innate intellectual abilities of humans and other organisms in digital artificial intelligence systems. In-depth research into biological and self-organizing systems can provide new approaches for developing more and more effective artificial intelligence methods. The papers included in this volume cover thematic materials in the following areas: mathematics and computer algorithms; analysis of some technical solutions; and technological and educational approaches. The book is a collection of cutting-edge papers in the field, covering a wide range of topics relevant to both business managers and engineering professionals. These proceedings are an excellent resource for asset management practitioners, researchers, and academics, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in artificial intelligence systems and their expanding applications, due to their breadth and depth. The intended readership includes specialists, students, and other groups of readers who want to know where artificial intelligence systems can be used to great advantage in the future.

This book offers a comprehensive account of Systemic Functional Translation Studies (SFTS) - a research area that applies Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to study translation, and to relate researches by scholars in the community of both SFL and translation studies. The important trends as well as contributions in SFTS will be summarised. Various topics in SFTS will be covered in the six chapters of this book, including the basic issues and concepts in SFTS; the relationship between SFTS, the cognate functional approaches, translation studies and translation practice; SFTS and different modes of meaning; registerial variation and SFTS; technologies and SFTS as well as a future outlook on SFTS. The objectives of this book include to provide a comprehensive introduction to SFTS; to relate SFTS to translation studies; to summarise the important contributions and limitations of SFTS; and to offer directions for future researches in SFTS, reflecting on what is currently missing from the SFL theory.

From the beginning of software time, people have wondered why it isn't possible to accelerate software projects by simply adding staff. This is sometimes known as the "nine women can't make a baby in one month" problem. The most famous treatise declaring this to be impossible is Fred Brooks' 1975 book The Mythical Man-Month, in which he declares that "adding more programmers to a late software project makes it later," and indeed this has proven largely true over the decades. Aided by a domain-driven code generator that quickly creates database and API code, Parallel Agile (PA) achieves significant schedule compression using parallelism: as many developers as necessary can independently and concurrently develop the scenarios from initial prototype through production code. Projects can scale by elastic staffing, rather than by stretching schedules for larger development efforts. Schedule compression with a large team of developers working in parallel is analogous to hardware acceleration of compute problems using parallel CPUs. PA has some similarities with and differences from other Agile approaches. Like most Agile methods, PA "gets to code early" and uses feedback from executable software to drive requirements and design. PA uses technical prototyping as a risk-mitigation strategy, to help sanity-check requirements for feasibility, and to evaluate different technical architectures and technologies. Unlike many Agile methods, PA does not support "design by refactoring," and it doesn't drive designs from unit tests. Instead, PA uses a minimalist UML-based design approach (Agile/ICONIX) that starts out with a domain model to facilitate communication across the development team, and partitions the system along use case boundaries, which enables parallel development. Parallel Agile is fully compatible with the Incremental Commitment Spiral Model (ICSM), which involves concurrent effort of a systems engineering team, a development team, and a test team working alongside the developers. The authors have been researching and refining the PA process for several years on multiple test projects that have involved over 200 developers. The book's example project details the design of one of these test projects, a crowdsourced traffic safety system.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials constructed from metal ions/clusters and organic linkers, combining the merits of both organic and inorganic components. Due to high porosity, rich functionalities, well-defined open channels and diverse structures, MOFs show great potentials in field such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, and sensing. Combining them with polymers tunes their chemical, mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and endows MOFs with processability. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials built from organic molecular units with diverse structures and applications. Hybrid materials with intriguing properties can be achieved by appropriate preparation methods and careful selection of MOFs/COFs and polymers, broadening their potential applications. This book documents the latest research progress in MOF/COF-polymer hybrid materials and reviews and summarises hybridization strategies to achieve MOF/COF polymeric composites. It also introduces various applications and potential applicable scenarios of hybrid MOF/COF polymers. Hybrid Metal-Organic Framework and Covalent Organic Framework Polymers offers an overview to readers who are new to this field, and will appeal to graduate students and researchers working on porous materials, polymers, hybrid materials, and supramolecular chemistry.