The concept of green business originated recently, but the phenomenon has a longer history which offers many lessons for today and the future. This book provides rich new empirical evidence on green business as it examines its variation between industries and nations, and over time. It demonstrates the deep historical origins of endeavors to create for-profit businesses that were more responsible and sustainable, but also how these strategies have faced constraints, trade-offs and challenges of legitimacy. Based on extensive interviews and archives from around the world, the book asks why green business succeeds more in some contexts than others and draws lessons from failure as well as success. This book emphasizes the importance of context for explaining the choices which explain the varieties of green business. Government policies, both local and national, cultural and religious values, and national images, are amongst the contextual factors which are identified. The book's distinctiveness lies in the use of original empirical data and the fact that it considers both successful and unsuccessful cases. An unusually wide geographical scope means that it covers not only the United States and Europe, but also less studied settings, including Chile, Costa Rica, New Zealand and Japan. Scholars and students interested in environmental management; corporate social responsibility; business ethics and trust; and business and environmental history will find this an important and fascinating read.

This book explores the roles played by entrepreneurship and multinational enterprises in the development of the modern global world. Through a combination of new and previously published essays charting business developments from the nineteenth century onward, the author demonstrates how multinational corporations have driven globalization through the transfer of innovation and cultural values. The chapters include studies of global industries and major corporations, including Beiersdorf and Unilever, and explore economic and corporate development in specific countries, such as India, Iran and Turkey. Merging rich historical evidence with discussion of the current state of global business, this book reveals how examining entrepreneurial activity and multinational strategies deepen explanations of historical and global patterns of wealth and poverty. It offers compelling new perspectives on current debates about globalization from one of the most prominent scholars in the field of business history. This volume will appeal to students and professors of economics, entrepreneurship, international business and history as well as anyone with an interest in understanding the past, present and future of globalization.

This set of insightful papers demonstrates the importance of historical perspectives in the study of entrepreneurship. By exploring the role of entrepreneurship in the history of global capitalism, these volumes show that historical knowledge can challenge widely accepted generalizations made about entrepreneurship. The selected articles cover the best historical research on the role of entrepreneurship in creating global capitalism; the cultural and institutional explanations for geographical and temporal variations in entrepreneurship; the deep historical origins of 'born global' companies; the importance of networks and diaspora in new international market development; the key role of public policy in shaping cross-border entrepreneurial activity; and the impact of international entrepreneurship on local economies. This comprehensive collection will be of great interest to scholars of entrepreneurship, international business and business history.

This is a study of the emergence, growth, and performance of British multinational banks from their origins in the 1830s until the present day. British-owned banks played leading roles in the financial systems of much of Asia and the southern hemisphere during the nineteenth century and after. In the 1970s and 1980s they made large investments in California and elsewhere in the United States. They played major roles in the finance of international trade, in international diplomacy, in the birth of the Eurodollar market, and in the world debt crisis. This is the first modern general history of these banks. It is based on a wide range of confidential banking archives in Britain, Australia, and Hong Kong, most of which were previously unavailable. Geoffrey Jones reveals, for the first time, details of the real profits and secret reserves of these banks, and uses these data in a unique analysis of their financial performance over more than a century. Jones places this new empirical evidence in the context of modern theories of multinational enterprise and of competitive advantage. This is a lucidly written and fascinating study, which will be of importance not only to historians, but to anyone concerned with contemporary multinational banking.

Eight leading business historians examine the role of British business in Iran, India, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Russian Asia, and Japan. The primary focus is on the impact of British commerce in the region, and the essays, based on research in British business archives and government papers, discuss the activities and performance of British companies.

This book is the first systematic scholarly study on the business history of Turkey from the nineteenth century until the present. It aims to place the distinctive characteristics of capitalism in Turkey within a global and comparative perspective, dealing with three related issues. First, it examines the institutional context that shaped the capitalist development in Turkey. Second, it focuses on the corporate actors, entrepreneurs and business enterprises that have led the national economic growth. Third, it explores the ethical foundations and social responsibility of business enterprises in the country. The comparative and historical approach sets the volume apart from previous books on the subject. Business, Ethics and Institutions aims to strengthen scholarly and policy understanding of Turkish capitalism and the diversified business groups which dominate the economy by providing a deep analysis of the evolution of political and social institutions which shaped corporate activity. It demonstrates the key role played by large family-owned business groups in Turkey's development. It also seeks to identify both the similarities and the differences in the Turkish pattern of economic development, making comparisons with Japan, an early example of catch-up, and a more successful model than Turkey. The comparative perspective makes the book highly relevant to a wide range of scholars interested in the institutional foundations of modern capitalism and will be of value to researchers, academics, and students in the fields of business and economic history, ethics, organizational studies, and entrepreneurship.

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This unique book compares the effects of globalization on two differing Latin American countries, Argentina and Chile, while utilizing both the historical lens of the late nineteenth century and the status of the modern economy to draw its conclusions. Focusing on these two eras of globalization, leading business historians based in Europe, Latin America, and the United States examine the impact of multinationals, the growth of business groups, and the conflicted relations between business and government. Specifically, this book provides a compelling new historical perspective on current economic and political crises in Argentina and Chile. The contributors offer a pioneering comparative study of the complex and non-linear impact of globalization, and the evolution of business systems in the two neighboring countries. They draw on literature which had previously only been available in Spanish, setting this book apart from its competitors. The Impact of Globalization on Argentina and Chile will be a valuable resource for economic and business historians, Latin Americanists, and management scholars who research and teach international business and globalization. Contributors: M.I. Barbero, M. Bucheli, G. Islas, G. Jones, N.S. Lanciotti, A. Lluch, A. Lopez, R.M. Miller, O. Munoz, J.V. Olivares

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book provides new insights into the changes in interpretation of marketing and the evolution of marketing strategies during the twentieth century. The focus is on the development of mass marketing in the United States and the way in which more flexible and adaptable forms of marketing have increasingly been taking over. This highly international volume draws contributors from the USA, Europe and Japan, and from a variety of academic disciplines, including marketing, economics and business history. Chapters provide detailed analysis of the marketing of a range of products including cars, washing machines, food retailing, Scotch whisky, computers, financial services and wheat.

An international group of scholars, drawn from the United States, Europe and Australia and from a number of academic disciplines, explores the history of marketing in the food and drink industries, focusing on the meaning of brands, the ways in which they add value and the surrounding business strategies.

This book provides new insights into the changes in interpretation of marketing and the evolution of marketing strategies during the twentieth century. The focus is on the development of mass marketing in the United States and the way in which more flexible and adaptable forms of marketing have increasingly been taking over. This highly international volume draws contributors from the USA, Europe and Japan, and from a variety of academic disciplines, including marketing, economics and business history. Chapters provide detailed analysis of the marketing of a range of products including cars, washing machines, food retailing, Scotch whisky, computers, financial services and wheat.

An international group of scholars, drawn from the United States, Europe and Australia and from a number of academic disciplines, explores the history of marketing in the food and drink industries, focusing on the meaning of brands, the ways in which they add value and the surrounding business strategies.

This comparative, international study looks at origins and business strategies of multinational banks. A distinguished team of bankers and academics from the United States, Japan, Europe and Australia survey the evolution of multinational banks over time and suggest a conceptual framework in which this development can be understood.

In-depth analyses of the multinational banking strategies of selected countries and institutions lead from early nineteenth century on to late twentieth century developments and future trends in investment banking. The approach is interdisciplinary, with economists and business historians joining together to confront theory with facts.

The findings presented in this major study will be of interest to scholars and professionals in international business, banking and finance, economists and business and economic historians.

This book examines the evolution of multinational trading companies from the eighteenth century to the present day. During the Industrial Revolution, British merchants established overseas branches which became major trade intermediaries and subsequently engaged in foreign direct investment. Complex multinational business groups emerged controlling large investments in natural resources, processing, and services in Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

This authoritative volume focuses on the rise of modern firms, from their early history to the present day. It considers the role of laws and contracts in shaping the growth and influence of business enterprises. It presents entrepreneurs, executives and the firms they controlled as driving actors in national economies and international growth. Alongside an original introduction the editors have selected work by scholars who have used corporate archives to explore the fine details of how firms actually operated. It also includes work by those who have been influenced by evolutionary, transaction-cost and resource-based theories of the firm. The book will be an essential source of reference for economic historians as well as industrial economists.

This volume provides new insights to the history of international business. The international group of authors, drawn from the United States, Canada, Britain and Japan, address two main themes: How has global business developed over the last century? And what has been its impact on host economies? These original and wide-ranging essays, prefaced by an extensive editorial introduction, are required reading in courses on international business.

This internationally comparative volume contains the results of important new research on family-owned businesses over three centuries and on three continents. Family firms have often been regarded as forces for conservatism and backwardness. Recent research has questioned this interpretation, pointing rather to the advantages of family ownership in certain contexts. The essays in this collection provide considerable support to this revisionist literature. They include studies of family firms in eighteenth-century India, of Quaker firms during the British industrial revolution, and of small firms in Victorian Edinburgh. Leading American historian of family firms, Philip Scranton, provides an important new study of family firms in Philadelphia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. There are essays by prominent Dutch and French business historians which survey the structure and performance of family firms in twentieth-century France and the Netherlands. Much of their information has never been published previously in English. Finally, Roy Church contributes a wide-ranging comparative study of the family firm in the United States, Britain, Germany and Japan over the last century. The overall conclusion of this book is that the behaviour and performance of family firms is explained by their environment rather than by their ownership structures. Family firms can provide the most effective corporate form in one culture, region, industry and time period - and they can be a competitive liability in other contexts. On the way to reaching this conclusion, the contributors to this volume paint a rich and colourful portrait of the diversity and complexity of the family firm experience over thelast three hundred years.

First Published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

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Visit our eBookstore at: www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk.

First Published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This comparative, international study looks at origins and business strategies of multinational banks. A distinguished team of bankers and academics from the United States, Japan, Europe and Australia survey the evolution of multinational banks over time and suggest a conceptual framework in which this development can be understood.

In-depth analyses of the multinational banking strategies of selected countries and institutions lead from early nineteenth century on to late twentieth century developments and future trends in investment banking. The approach is interdisciplinary, with economists and business historians joining together to confront theory with facts.

The findings presented in this major study will be of interest to scholars and professionals in international business, banking and finance, economists and business and economic historians.

Are profits and sustainability compatible? This book brings unique perspectives to this key debate by exploring the history of green entrepreneurship since the nineteenth century, and its spread globally in industries including renewable energy, organic food, natural beauty, ecotourism, recycling, architecture, and finance. The book uses the lens of the extraordinary and often eccentric men and women who defied convention and imagined that business could help save the planet, rather than consume it. The social and religious beliefs that drove many of these individuals are explored as the book looks at how they overcame huge obstacles to execute their strategies. The green entrepreneurs seen here are shown to have created new markets and industries, and driven innovations in sustainable practices, even at times when most consumers and governments marginalized the entire subject. The struggles of early pioneers appear to have been rewarded by the growth of environmental awareness among consumers, business leaders, and others in recent years, but the Earth's environmental health continues to deteriorate. If profits and sustainability have proved challenging to reconcile, the book argues that one reason was how they were both defined.

This important book assembles formative articles that demonstrate how business history emerged as a discipline from the interwar years until the present day. The essays, drawn from authors in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America, document the remarkable intellectual achievements of the field, as well as exploring the challenges it faced securing a wider impact on other disciplines. The editors provide a wide-ranging and original introduction. The book will appeal to both social scientists and historians interested to learn how the field of business history was shaped.