Some years ago a conference on l-adic cohomology in Oberwolfach was held with the aim of reaching an understanding of Deligne's proof of the Weil conjec tures. For the convenience of the speakers the present authors - who were also the organisers of that meeting - prepared short notes containing the central definitions and ideas of the proofs. The unexpected interest for these notes and the various suggestions to publish them encouraged us to work somewhat more on them and fill out the gaps. Our aim was to develop the theory in as self contained and as short a manner as possible. We intended especially to provide a complete introduction to etale and l-adic cohomology theory including the monodromy theory of Lefschetz pencils. Of course, all the central ideas are due to the people who created the theory, especially Grothendieck and Deligne. The main references are the SGA-notes 64-69]. With the kind permission of Professor J. A. Dieudonne we have included in the book that finally resulted his excellent notes on the history of the Weil conjectures, as a second introduction. Our original notes were written in German. However, we finally followed the recommendation made variously to publish the book in English. We had the good fortune that Professor W. Waterhouse and his wife Betty agreed to translate our manuscript. We want to thank them very warmly for their willing involvement in such a tedious task. We are very grateful to the staff of Springer-Verlag for their careful work."

From the reviews of the first edition: "This book exposes the beautiful confluence of deep techniques and ideas from mathematical physics and the topological study of the differentiable structure of compact four-dimensional manifolds, compact spaces locally modeled on the world in which we live and operate... The book is filled with insightful remarks, proofs, and contributions that have never before appeared in print. For anyone attempting to understand the work of Donaldson and the applications of gauge theories to four-dimensional topology, the book is a must." #"Science"#1 "I would strongly advise the graduate student or working mathematician who wishes to learn the analytic aspects of this subject to begin with Freed and Uhlenbeck's book." #"Bulletin of the American Mathematical " "Society"#2

This book gives a treatment of exterior differential systems. It will in clude both the general theory and various applications. An exterior differential system is a system of equations on a manifold defined by equating to zero a number of exterior differential forms. When all the forms are linear, it is called a pfaffian system. Our object is to study its integral manifolds, i. e., submanifolds satisfying all the equations of the system. A fundamental fact is that every equation implies the one obtained by exterior differentiation, so that the complete set of equations associated to an exterior differential system constitutes a differential ideal in the algebra of all smooth forms. Thus the theory is coordinate-free and computations typically have an algebraic character; however, even when coordinates are used in intermediate steps, the use of exterior algebra helps to efficiently guide the computations, and as a consequence the treatment adapts well to geometrical and physical problems. A system of partial differential equations, with any number of inde pendent and dependent variables and involving partial derivatives of any order, can be written as an exterior differential system. In this case we are interested in integral manifolds on which certain coordinates remain independent. The corresponding notion in exterior differential systems is the independence condition: certain pfaffian forms remain linearly indepen dent. Partial differential equations and exterior differential systems with an independence condition are essentially the same object."

This up-to-date survey of the whole field of topology is the flagship of the topology subseries of the Encyclopaedia. The book gives an overview of various subfields, beginning with the elements and proceeding right up to the present frontiers of research.

Manifolds, the higher-dimensional analogs of smooth curves and surfaces, are fundamental objects in modern mathematics. Combining aspects of algebra, topology, and analysis, manifolds have also been applied to classical mechanics, general relativity, and quantum field theory. In this streamlined introduction to the subject, the theory of manifolds is presented with the aim of helping the reader achieve a rapid mastery of the essential topics. By the end of the book the reader should be able to compute, at least for simple spaces, one of the most basic topological invariants of a manifold, its de Rham cohomology. Along the way, the reader acquires the knowledge and skills necessary for further study of geometry and topology. The requisite point-set topology is included in an appendix of twenty pages; other appendices review facts from real analysis and linear algebra. Hints and solutions are provided to many of the exercises and problems. This work may be used as the text for a one-semester graduate or advanced undergraduate course, as well as by students engaged in self-study. Requiring only minimal undergraduate prerequisites, 'Introduction to Manifolds' is also an excellent foundation for Springer's GTM 82, 'Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology'.

"The book is largely self-contained...There is a nice introduction to symplectic geometry and a charming exposition of equivariant K-theory. Both are enlivened by examples related to groups...An attractive feature is the attempt to convey some informal wisdom rather than only the precise definitions. As a number of results are] due to the authors, one finds some of the original excitement. This is the only available introduction to geometric representation theory...it has already proved successful in introducing a new generation to the subject." (Bulletin of the AMS)

Hyperbolic Manifolds and Discrete Groups is at the crossroads of several branches of mathematics: hyperbolic geometry, discrete groups, 3-dimensional topology, geometric group theory, and complex analysis. The main focus throughout the text is on the "Big Monster," i.e., on Thurston 's hyperbolization theorem, which has not only completely changes the landscape of 3-dimensinal topology and Kleinian group theory but is one of the central results of 3-dimensional topology.

The book is fairly self-contained, replete with beautiful illustrations, a rich set of examples of key concepts, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography and index. It should serve as an ideal graduate course/seminar text or as a comprehensive reference.

Computing is quickly making much of geometry intriguing not only for philosophers and mathematicians, but also for scientists and engineers. What is the core set of topics that a practitioner needs to study before embarking on the design and implementation of a geometric system in a specialized discipline? This book attempts to find the answer. Every programmer tackling a geometric computing problem encounters design decisions that need to be solved. This book reviews the geometric theory then applies it in an attempt to find that elusive "right" design.

This book is a posthumous publication of a classic by Prof. Shoshichi Kobayashi, who taught at U.C. Berkeley for 50 years, recently translated by Eriko Shinozaki Nagumo and Makiko Sumi Tanaka. There are five chapters: 1. Plane Curves and Space Curves; 2. Local Theory of Surfaces in Space; 3. Geometry of Surfaces; 4. Gauss-Bonnet Theorem; and 5. Minimal Surfaces. Chapter 1 discusses local and global properties of planar curves and curves in space. Chapter 2 deals with local properties of surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. Two types of curvatures - the Gaussian curvature K and the mean curvature H -are introduced. The method of the moving frames, a standard technique in differential geometry, is introduced in the context of a surface in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. In Chapter 3, the Riemannian metric on a surface is introduced and properties determined only by the first fundamental form are discussed. The concept of a geodesic introduced in Chapter 2 is extensively discussed, and several examples of geodesics are presented with illustrations. Chapter 4 starts with a simple and elegant proof of Stokes' theorem for a domain. Then the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the major topic of this book, is discussed at great length. The theorem is a most beautiful and deep result in differential geometry. It yields a relation between the integral of the Gaussian curvature over a given oriented closed surface S and the topology of S in terms of its Euler number (S). Here again, many illustrations are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding. Chapter 5, Minimal Surfaces, requires some elementary knowledge of complex analysis. However, the author retained the introductory nature of this book and focused on detailed explanations of the examples of minimal surfaces given in Chapter 2.

This book presents the classical theorems about simply connected smooth 4-manifolds: intersection forms and homotopy type, oriented and spin bordism, the index theorem, Wall's diffeomorphisms and h-cobordism, and Rohlin's theorem. Most of the proofs are new or are returbishings of post proofs; all are geometric and make us of handlebody theory. There is a new proof of Rohlin's theorem using spin structures. There is an introduction to Casson handles and Freedman's work including a chapter of unpublished proofs on exotic R4's. The reader needs an understanding of smooth manifolds and characteristic classes in low dimensions. The book should be useful to beginning researchers in 4-manifolds.

A complete theory of integration as it appears in geometric and physical problems must include integration over oriented r-dimensional domains in n-space; both the integrand and the domain may be variable. This is the primary subject matter of the present book, designed to bring out the underlying geometric and analytic ideas and to give clear and complete proofs of the basic theorems. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

An extraordinary mathematical conference was held 5-9 August 1990 at the University of California at Berkeley: From Topology to Computation: Unity and Diversity in the Mathematical Sciences An International Research Conference in Honor of Stephen Smale's 60th Birthday The topics of the conference were some of the fields in which Smale has worked: * Differential Topology * Mathematical Economics * Dynamical Systems * Theory of Computation * Nonlinear Functional Analysis * Physical and Biological Applications This book comprises the proceedings of that conference. The goal of the conference was to gather in a single meeting mathemati cians working in the many fields to which Smale has made lasting con tributions. The theme "Unity and Diversity" is enlarged upon in the section entitled "Research Themes and Conference Schedule." The organizers hoped that illuminating connections between seemingly separate mathematical sub jects would emerge from the conference. Since such connections are not easily made in formal mathematical papers, the conference included discussions after each of the historical reviews of Smale's work in different fields. In addition, there was a final panel discussion at the end of the conference.

This book uses the hypoelliptic Laplacian to evaluate semisimple orbital integrals in a formalism that unifies index theory and the trace formula. The hypoelliptic Laplacian is a family of operators that is supposed to interpolate between the ordinary Laplacian and the geodesic flow. It is essentially the weighted sum of a harmonic oscillator along the fiber of the tangent bundle, and of the generator of the geodesic flow. In this book, semisimple orbital integrals associated with the heat kernel of the Casimir operator are shown to be invariant under a suitable hypoelliptic deformation, which is constructed using the Dirac operator of Kostant. Their explicit evaluation is obtained by localization on geodesics in the symmetric space, in a formula closely related to the Atiyah-Bott fixed point formulas. Orbital integrals associated with the wave kernel are also computed.

Estimates on the hypoelliptic heat kernel play a key role in the proofs, and are obtained by combining analytic, geometric, and probabilistic techniques. Analytic techniques emphasize the wavelike aspects of the hypoelliptic heat kernel, while geometrical considerations are needed to obtain proper control of the hypoelliptic heat kernel, especially in the localization process near the geodesics. Probabilistic techniques are especially relevant, because underlying the hypoelliptic deformation is a deformation of dynamical systems on the symmetric space, which interpolates between Brownian motion and the geodesic flow. The Malliavin calculus is used at critical stages of the proof.

This self-contained treatment of Morse theory focuses on applications and is intended for a graduate course on differential or algebraic topology, and will also be of interest to researchers.This is the first textbook to include topics such as Morse-Smale flows, Floer homology, min-max theory, moment maps and equivariant cohomology, and complex Morse theory.The reader is expected to have some familiarity with cohomology theory and differential and integral calculus on smooth manifolds.
Some features of the second edition include added applications, such as Morse theory and the curvature of knots, the cohomology of the moduli space of planar polygons, and the Duistermaat-Heckman formula. The second edition also includes a new chapter on Morse-Smale flows and Whitney stratifications, many new exercises, and various corrections from the first edition.
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A complete theory of integration as it appears in geometric and physical problems must include integration over oriented r-dimensional domains in n-space; both the integrand and the domain may be variable. This is the primary subject matter of the present book, designed to bring out the underlying geometric and analytic ideas and to give clear and complete proofs of the basic theorems. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories. Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Issu d un cours de maitrise de l Universite Paris VII, ce texte est reedite tel qu il etait paru en 1978. A propos du theoreme de Bezout sont introduits divers outils necessaires au developpement de la notion de multiplicite d intersection de deux courbes algebriques dans le plan projectif complexe. Partant des notions elementaires sur les sous-ensembles algebriques affines et projectifs, on definit les multiplicites d intersection et interprete leur somme entermes du resultant de deux polynomes. L etude locale est pretexte a l introduction des anneaux de serie formelles ou convergentes; elle culmine dans le theoreme de Puiseux dont la convergence est ramenee par des eclatements a celle du theoreme des fonctions implicites. Diverses figures eclairent le texte: on y "voit" en particulier que l equation homogene x3+y3+z3 = 0 definit un tore dans le plan projectif complexe.

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories. Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Bereits in 6. Auflage pr sentiert das erfolgreiche Lehrbuch den Kanon der Analysis einer Ver nderlichen. Durch die zahlreichen Beispiele und und bungsaufgaben mit L sungen eignet es sich bestens als Begleit-Literatur zu einer Vorlesung, zum Selbststudium und zur Pr fungsvorbereitung. Die vielen historischen Anmerkungen und eingestreuten Perlen der klassischen Analysis geben diesem Lehrbuch seinen besonderen Reiz.

Eine gleichermassen aktuelle wie zusammenfassende Darstellung der wichtigsten Methoden zur Untersuchung der klassischen Gruppen fehlte bislang in deutschsprachigen Lehrbuchern. Indem der Autor die klassischen Gruppen sowohl aus algebraisch-geometrischer Sicht, wie auch mit Lieschen (infinitesimalen) Methoden studiert, schliesst er diese Lucke. Die von Grund auf behandelte Darstellungstheorie mundet im algebraischen Teil in der Brauer-Weylschen Methode der Zerlegung von Tensorpotenzen durch Youngsche Symmetrieoperatoren in irreduzible Teilraume. Auf der Ebene der Lie-Algebren wird die Klassifikation der irreduziblen Darstellungen durch hochste Gewichte durchgefuhrt. Besonderer Wert liegt auf einer ausfuhrlichen Erlauterung des Zusammenspiels der Gruppen und ihrer Lie-Algebren, die das Kernstuck der Lieschen Theorie ausmachen. In dieser Hinsicht dient das Buch auch als Einfuhrung in die Theorie der Lie-Gruppen; zur Parametrisierung wird dabei ausschliesslich die Matrix-Exponentialabbildung verwandt, wodurch ganz auf den aufwendigen Apparat der differenzierbaren Mannigfaltigkeiten verzichtet werden kann. Eine Fulle von Beispielen und Ubungsaufgaben dienen zur Vertiefung des Gelernten. Inhaltlich schliesst der Text unmittelbar an die Grundvorlesungen uber Analysis und Lineare Algebra an.

Der vorliegende zweite Band der Reihe "TEUBNER-ARCHlY zur Mathematik" ent hillt fotomechanische Nachdrucke der grundlegenden Arbeiten Georg CANTORS zur Mengenlehre aus den Jahren 1872 bis 1884. Er umfaBt allejene Publikationen CANTORS, durch die er - nach einer heute allgemein akzeptierten Auffassung - zum Begriinder der Mengenlehre und der mengentheoretischen Topologie wurde, und will damit diese fUr die Herausbildung der heutigen Mathematik so fundamentalen Arbeiten einem breiten Leserkreis im Original leicht zugiinglich machen. Das ist zum ersten die Arbeit "Uber die Ausdehnung eines Satzes aus der Theorie der trigonometrischen Reihen" aus dem Band 5 der Mathematischen Annalen, die an frtihere Publikationen CANTORS tiber trigonometrische Reihen ankntipft und durch die deutlich wird, daB es zuniichst konkrete analytische Probleme waren, die CANTOR auf die Be trachtung mengentheoretischer Begriffe fUhrten. Sie enthiilt einerseits die heute allgemein mit seinem Namen verkntipfte Erweiterung des Bereichs der rationalen Zahlen zum Bereich der reellen Zahlen mittels Fundamentalfolgen und das nach ihm benannte Stetig keitsaxiom. Andererseits wird in ihr der Begriff der ersten Ableitung P' einer (Iinearen) Punktmenge P eingeftihrt, der heute einer der grundlegenden BegritTe der mengentheore tischen Topologie ist und der in den spiiteren Publikationen CANTORS bei der Herausbil dung der allgemeinen Mengenlehre eine wesentIiche Rolle spielte und ihn insbesondere zu den transfiniten Ordinalzahlen ftihrte."

1m April 1961 hat die Firma Mannesmann AG einen Bericht tiber Versuche mit Stromungen urn Bundel von parallelen Rohren vorgelegt {I}. Diese Rohrbundel spielen beim Bau von Warmetauschern eine wichtige Rolle. EKperimentell wurde festgestellt, daB Rohre, die senkrecht zur Rohrachse angestromt werden und von elliptischem Querschnitt sind, in stromungs- und warmetechnischer Hin- sicht Kreisrohren uberlegen sind. Es zeigt sich, daB die Stromung fast der gesamten Rohrwand anliegt und die auftretenden Wirbelgebiete sehr klein sind (Abb. 1,1). Abb. 1,1 Es erschien deshalb interessant, diese Messungen durch mathematische Berechnungen zu erganzen. Man kann erwarten, daB der experimentelle Befund durch eine reibungsfreie ebene Potentialstromung gut wiedergegeben wird. Der Konstruktion solcher Stromungen ist die vorliegende Arbeit gewidmet. 1m erst en Teil der Arbeit wird die Berechnung der komplex en Potential- funktion einer Stromung urn mehrere Ellipsen auf die Losung eines modifizier- ten Dirichletproblems zuruckgefuhrt und numerisch ausgewertet. Da die numerische Auswertung dieses Losungsverfahrens relativ aufwendig ist, wird im zweiten Teil der Arbeit eine Naherungsmethode angegeben, die zur Berechnung des komplexen Potentials der Stromung nur die Losung 1inearer Gleichungssysteme erfordert. Bei den numerischen Berechnungen wurden nur solche Ell psen betrachtet, deren groBe Halbachen entsprechend Abb. 1,1 parallel r Anstromung ichtung liegen. 1m dritten Teil der Arbeit wird die Lage von Staupunkten im Stromungsgebiet an Hand von Beispielen untersucht, wahrend sich.der vierte Teil mit den Drucken im Stromungsgebiet beschaftigt.

In einer fruheren Arbeit {6} wurde eine Methode angegeben, die komplexe Potentialfunktion einer ebenen Potentialstromung im AuBengebiet von N Kreis- linien naherungsweise zu berechnen. Mittels dieses Losungsverfahrens wird im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit eine Potentialstromung urn N KreiszYlinder in einem Kanal mit festen Wanden berechnet. 1m zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die elastische Verformung von Hindernissen, die einer inkompressiblen Stromung ausgesetzt sind, numerisch ausgewertet. Dabei ist vorausgesetzt, daB die Hindernisse nach der Verformung die Gestalt von Kreisscheiben besitzen. Die theoretischen Betrachtungen zur ebenen Elastizitatstheorie stutzen sich weitgehend auf die Ausfuhrungen von N.I. Muschelischwili {7}. Aile numerischen Rechnungen wurden an der Rechenanlage IBM 370/168 der Gesellschaft fur Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung in Bonn durchgefuhrt. An dieser Stelle mochte ich Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Wendt und Herrn Dr. R. Weizel fur die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit und die vielen Diskussionen danken. 2 1) Berechnung einer ebenen Potentialstromung um einen Kreiszylinder in einem Kanal mit festen Wanden t Gesucht ist die komplexe Potentialfunktion einer ebenen, stationaren, symmetrischen Potentialstromung in einem Kanal der Hohe 2p. p>l (Abb. 1)., ip. i...!... 2R ) Zp x i p Abbildung 1 Die Gleichung der Kanalwande Kl und K2 laute y =+/- P d.h. die x-Achse ist Symmetrieachse des Kanals. Der Koordinatenursprung sei der Mittelpunkt eines im Ka al liegenden Kreises K3 vom Radius Eins. Die An- stromgeschwindigkeit V (V=IVI) verlaufe parallel zur positiven reellen Achse.