Manifolds, the higher-dimensional analogs of smooth curves and surfaces, are fundamental objects in modern mathematics. Combining aspects of algebra, topology, and analysis, manifolds have also been applied to classical mechanics, general relativity, and quantum field theory. In this streamlined introduction to the subject, the theory of manifolds is presented with the aim of helping the reader achieve a rapid mastery of the essential topics. By the end of the book the reader should be able to compute, at least for simple spaces, one of the most basic topological invariants of a manifold, its de Rham cohomology. Along the way, the reader acquires the knowledge and skills necessary for further study of geometry and topology. The requisite point-set topology is included in an appendix of twenty pages; other appendices review facts from real analysis and linear algebra. Hints and solutions are provided to many of the exercises and problems. This work may be used as the text for a one-semester graduate or advanced undergraduate course, as well as by students engaged in self-study. Requiring only minimal undergraduate prerequisites, 'Introduction to Manifolds' is also an excellent foundation for Springer's GTM 82, 'Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology'.

"The book is largely self-contained...There is a nice introduction to symplectic geometry and a charming exposition of equivariant K-theory. Both are enlivened by examples related to groups...An attractive feature is the attempt to convey some informal wisdom rather than only the precise definitions. As a number of results are] due to the authors, one finds some of the original excitement. This is the only available introduction to geometric representation theory...it has already proved successful in introducing a new generation to the subject." (Bulletin of the AMS)

Hyperbolic Manifolds and Discrete Groups is at the crossroads of several branches of mathematics: hyperbolic geometry, discrete groups, 3-dimensional topology, geometric group theory, and complex analysis. The main focus throughout the text is on the "Big Monster," i.e., on Thurston 's hyperbolization theorem, which has not only completely changes the landscape of 3-dimensinal topology and Kleinian group theory but is one of the central results of 3-dimensional topology.

The book is fairly self-contained, replete with beautiful illustrations, a rich set of examples of key concepts, numerous exercises, and an extensive bibliography and index. It should serve as an ideal graduate course/seminar text or as a comprehensive reference.

Computing is quickly making much of geometry intriguing not only for philosophers and mathematicians, but also for scientists and engineers. What is the core set of topics that a practitioner needs to study before embarking on the design and implementation of a geometric system in a specialized discipline? This book attempts to find the answer. Every programmer tackling a geometric computing problem encounters design decisions that need to be solved. This book reviews the geometric theory then applies it in an attempt to find that elusive "right" design.

This book presents the analytic foundations to the theory of the hypoelliptic Laplacian. The hypoelliptic Laplacian, a second-order operator acting on the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold, is supposed to interpolate between the classical Laplacian and the geodesic flow. Jean-Michel Bismut and Gilles Lebeau establish the basic functional analytic properties of this operator, which is also studied from the perspective of local index theory and analytic torsion.

The book shows that the hypoelliptic Laplacian provides a geometric version of the Fokker-Planck equations. The authors give the proper functional analytic setting in order to study this operator and develop a pseudodifferential calculus, which provides estimates on the hypoelliptic Laplacian's resolvent. When the deformation parameter tends to zero, the hypoelliptic Laplacian converges to the standard Hodge Laplacian of the base by a collapsing argument in which the fibers of the cotangent bundle collapse to a point. For the local index theory, small time asymptotics for the supertrace of the associated heat kernel are obtained.

The Ray-Singer analytic torsion of the hypoelliptic Laplacian as well as the associated Ray-Singer metrics on the determinant of the cohomology are studied in an equivariant setting, resulting in a key comparison formula between the elliptic and hypoelliptic analytic torsions.

This book is a posthumous publication of a classic by Prof. Shoshichi Kobayashi, who taught at U.C. Berkeley for 50 years, recently translated by Eriko Shinozaki Nagumo and Makiko Sumi Tanaka. There are five chapters: 1. Plane Curves and Space Curves; 2. Local Theory of Surfaces in Space; 3. Geometry of Surfaces; 4. Gauss-Bonnet Theorem; and 5. Minimal Surfaces. Chapter 1 discusses local and global properties of planar curves and curves in space. Chapter 2 deals with local properties of surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. Two types of curvatures - the Gaussian curvature K and the mean curvature H -are introduced. The method of the moving frames, a standard technique in differential geometry, is introduced in the context of a surface in 3-dimensional Euclidean space. In Chapter 3, the Riemannian metric on a surface is introduced and properties determined only by the first fundamental form are discussed. The concept of a geodesic introduced in Chapter 2 is extensively discussed, and several examples of geodesics are presented with illustrations. Chapter 4 starts with a simple and elegant proof of Stokes' theorem for a domain. Then the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the major topic of this book, is discussed at great length. The theorem is a most beautiful and deep result in differential geometry. It yields a relation between the integral of the Gaussian curvature over a given oriented closed surface S and the topology of S in terms of its Euler number (S). Here again, many illustrations are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding. Chapter 5, Minimal Surfaces, requires some elementary knowledge of complex analysis. However, the author retained the introductory nature of this book and focused on detailed explanations of the examples of minimal surfaces given in Chapter 2.

This book presents the classical theorems about simply connected smooth 4-manifolds: intersection forms and homotopy type, oriented and spin bordism, the index theorem, Wall's diffeomorphisms and h-cobordism, and Rohlin's theorem. Most of the proofs are new or are returbishings of post proofs; all are geometric and make us of handlebody theory. There is a new proof of Rohlin's theorem using spin structures. There is an introduction to Casson handles and Freedman's work including a chapter of unpublished proofs on exotic R4's. The reader needs an understanding of smooth manifolds and characteristic classes in low dimensions. The book should be useful to beginning researchers in 4-manifolds.

The Guide has been designed for everyone involved in geospatial analysis, from undergraduate and postgraduate to professional analyst, software engineer and GIS practitioner. It builds upon the spatial analysis topics included in the US National Academies 'Beyond Mapping' and 'Learning to think spatially' agendas, the UK 'Spatial Literacy in Teaching' programme, the NCGIA Core Curriculum and the AAAG/UCGIS Body of Knowledge. As such it provides a valuable reference guide and accompaniment to courses built around these programmes.

This textbook treats Lie groups, Lie algebras and their representations in an elementary but fully rigorous fashion requiring minimal prerequisites. In particular, the theory of matrix Lie groups and their Lie algebras is developed using only linear algebra, and more motivation and intuition for proofs is provided than in most classic texts on the subject. In addition to its accessible treatment of the basic theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras, the book is also noteworthy for including: a treatment of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula and its use in place of the Frobenius theorem to establish deeper results about the relationship between Lie groups and Lie algebras motivation for the machinery of roots, weights and the Weyl group via a concrete and detailed exposition of the representation theory of sl(3;C) an unconventional definition of semisimplicity that allows for a rapid development of the structure theory of semisimple Lie algebras a self-contained construction of the representations of compact groups, independent of Lie-algebraic arguments The second edition of Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Representations contains many substantial improvements and additions, among them: an entirely new part devoted to the structure and representation theory of compact Lie groups; a complete derivation of the main properties of root systems; the construction of finite-dimensional representations of semisimple Lie algebras has been elaborated; a treatment of universal enveloping algebras, including a proof of the Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem and the existence of Verma modules; complete proofs of the Weyl character formula, the Weyl dimension formula and the Kostant multiplicity formula. Review of the first edition: This is an excellent book. It deserves to, and undoubtedly will, become the standard text for early graduate courses in Lie group theory ... an important addition to the textbook literature ... it is highly recommended. - The Mathematical Gazette

An extraordinary mathematical conference was held 5-9 August 1990 at the University of California at Berkeley: From Topology to Computation: Unity and Diversity in the Mathematical Sciences An International Research Conference in Honor of Stephen Smale's 60th Birthday The topics of the conference were some of the fields in which Smale has worked: * Differential Topology * Mathematical Economics * Dynamical Systems * Theory of Computation * Nonlinear Functional Analysis * Physical and Biological Applications This book comprises the proceedings of that conference. The goal of the conference was to gather in a single meeting mathemati cians working in the many fields to which Smale has made lasting con tributions. The theme "Unity and Diversity" is enlarged upon in the section entitled "Research Themes and Conference Schedule." The organizers hoped that illuminating connections between seemingly separate mathematical sub jects would emerge from the conference. Since such connections are not easily made in formal mathematical papers, the conference included discussions after each of the historical reviews of Smale's work in different fields. In addition, there was a final panel discussion at the end of the conference.

This self-contained treatment of Morse theory focuses on applications and is intended for a graduate course on differential or algebraic topology, and will also be of interest to researchers.This is the first textbook to include topics such as Morse-Smale flows, Floer homology, min-max theory, moment maps and equivariant cohomology, and complex Morse theory.The reader is expected to have some familiarity with cohomology theory and differential and integral calculus on smooth manifolds.
Some features of the second edition include added applications, such as Morse theory and the curvature of knots, the cohomology of the moduli space of planar polygons, and the Duistermaat-Heckman formula. The second edition also includes a new chapter on Morse-Smale flows and Whitney stratifications, many new exercises, and various corrections from the first edition.
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This book uses the hypoelliptic Laplacian to evaluate semisimple orbital integrals in a formalism that unifies index theory and the trace formula. The hypoelliptic Laplacian is a family of operators that is supposed to interpolate between the ordinary Laplacian and the geodesic flow. It is essentially the weighted sum of a harmonic oscillator along the fiber of the tangent bundle, and of the generator of the geodesic flow. In this book, semisimple orbital integrals associated with the heat kernel of the Casimir operator are shown to be invariant under a suitable hypoelliptic deformation, which is constructed using the Dirac operator of Kostant. Their explicit evaluation is obtained by localization on geodesics in the symmetric space, in a formula closely related to the Atiyah-Bott fixed point formulas. Orbital integrals associated with the wave kernel are also computed.

Estimates on the hypoelliptic heat kernel play a key role in the proofs, and are obtained by combining analytic, geometric, and probabilistic techniques. Analytic techniques emphasize the wavelike aspects of the hypoelliptic heat kernel, while geometrical considerations are needed to obtain proper control of the hypoelliptic heat kernel, especially in the localization process near the geodesics. Probabilistic techniques are especially relevant, because underlying the hypoelliptic deformation is a deformation of dynamical systems on the symmetric space, which interpolates between Brownian motion and the geodesic flow. The Malliavin calculus is used at critical stages of the proof.

Among the many differences between classical and p-adic objects, those related to differential equations occupy a special place. For example, a closed p-adic analytic one-form defined on a simply-connected domain does not necessarily have a primitive in the class of analytic functions. In the early 1980s, Robert Coleman discovered a way to construct primitives of analytic one-forms on certain smooth p-adic analytic curves in a bigger class of functions. Since then, there have been several attempts to generalize his ideas to smooth p-adic analytic spaces of higher dimension, but the spaces considered were invariably associated with algebraic varieties.

This book aims to show that every smooth p-adic analytic space is provided with a sheaf of functions that includes all analytic ones and satisfies a uniqueness property. It also contains local primitives of all closed one-forms with coefficients in the sheaf that, in the case considered by Coleman, coincide with those he constructed. In consequence, one constructs a parallel transport of local solutions of a unipotent differential equation and an integral of a closed one-form along a path so that both depend nontrivially on the homotopy class of the path.

Both the author's previous results on geometric properties of smooth p-adic analytic spaces and the theory of isocrystals are further developed in this book, which is aimed at graduate students and mathematicians working in the areas of non-Archimedean analytic geometry, number theory, and algebraic geometry.

This book presents many of the main developments of the past two decades in the study of real submanifolds in complex space, providing crucial background material for researchers and advanced graduate students. The techniques in this area borrow from real and complex analysis and partial differential equations, as well as from differential, algebraic, and analytical geometry. In turn, these latter areas have been enriched over the years by the study of problems in several complex variables addressed here. The authors, M. Salah Baouendi, Peter Ebenfelt, and Linda Preiss Rothschild, include extensive preliminary material to make the book accessible to nonspecialists.

One of the most important topics that the authors address here is the holomorphic extension of functions and mappings that satisfy the tangential Cauchy-Riemann equations on real submanifolds. They present the main results in this area with a novel and self-contained approach. The book also devotes considerable attention to the study of holomorphic mappings between real submanifolds, and proves finite determination of such mappings by their jets under some optimal assumptions. The authors also give a thorough comparison of the various nondegeneracy conditions for manifolds and mappings and present new geometric interpretations of these conditions. Throughout the book, Cauchy-Riemann vector fields and their orbits play a central role and are presented in a setting that is both general and elementary.

A complete theory of integration as it appears in geometric and physical problems must include integration over oriented r-dimensional domains in n-space; both the integrand and the domain may be variable. This is the primary subject matter of the present book, designed to bring out the underlying geometric and analytic ideas and to give clear and complete proofs of the basic theorems. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories. Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

A complete theory of integration as it appears in geometric and physical problems must include integration over oriented r-dimensional domains in n-space; both the integrand and the domain may be variable. This is the primary subject matter of the present book, designed to bring out the underlying geometric and analytic ideas and to give clear and complete proofs of the basic theorems. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Issu d un cours de maitrise de l Universite Paris VII, ce texte est reedite tel qu il etait paru en 1978. A propos du theoreme de Bezout sont introduits divers outils necessaires au developpement de la notion de multiplicite d intersection de deux courbes algebriques dans le plan projectif complexe. Partant des notions elementaires sur les sous-ensembles algebriques affines et projectifs, on definit les multiplicites d intersection et interprete leur somme entermes du resultant de deux polynomes. L etude locale est pretexte a l introduction des anneaux de serie formelles ou convergentes; elle culmine dans le theoreme de Puiseux dont la convergence est ramenee par des eclatements a celle du theoreme des fonctions implicites. Diverses figures eclairent le texte: on y "voit" en particulier que l equation homogene x3+y3+z3 = 0 definit un tore dans le plan projectif complexe.

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories. Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Eine gleichermassen aktuelle wie zusammenfassende Darstellung der wichtigsten Methoden zur Untersuchung der klassischen Gruppen fehlte bislang in deutschsprachigen Lehrbuchern. Indem der Autor die klassischen Gruppen sowohl aus algebraisch-geometrischer Sicht, wie auch mit Lieschen (infinitesimalen) Methoden studiert, schliesst er diese Lucke. Die von Grund auf behandelte Darstellungstheorie mundet im algebraischen Teil in der Brauer-Weylschen Methode der Zerlegung von Tensorpotenzen durch Youngsche Symmetrieoperatoren in irreduzible Teilraume. Auf der Ebene der Lie-Algebren wird die Klassifikation der irreduziblen Darstellungen durch hochste Gewichte durchgefuhrt. Besonderer Wert liegt auf einer ausfuhrlichen Erlauterung des Zusammenspiels der Gruppen und ihrer Lie-Algebren, die das Kernstuck der Lieschen Theorie ausmachen. In dieser Hinsicht dient das Buch auch als Einfuhrung in die Theorie der Lie-Gruppen; zur Parametrisierung wird dabei ausschliesslich die Matrix-Exponentialabbildung verwandt, wodurch ganz auf den aufwendigen Apparat der differenzierbaren Mannigfaltigkeiten verzichtet werden kann. Eine Fulle von Beispielen und Ubungsaufgaben dienen zur Vertiefung des Gelernten. Inhaltlich schliesst der Text unmittelbar an die Grundvorlesungen uber Analysis und Lineare Algebra an.

Der vorliegende zweite Band der Reihe "TEUBNER-ARCHlY zur Mathematik" ent hillt fotomechanische Nachdrucke der grundlegenden Arbeiten Georg CANTORS zur Mengenlehre aus den Jahren 1872 bis 1884. Er umfaBt allejene Publikationen CANTORS, durch die er - nach einer heute allgemein akzeptierten Auffassung - zum Begriinder der Mengenlehre und der mengentheoretischen Topologie wurde, und will damit diese fUr die Herausbildung der heutigen Mathematik so fundamentalen Arbeiten einem breiten Leserkreis im Original leicht zugiinglich machen. Das ist zum ersten die Arbeit "Uber die Ausdehnung eines Satzes aus der Theorie der trigonometrischen Reihen" aus dem Band 5 der Mathematischen Annalen, die an frtihere Publikationen CANTORS tiber trigonometrische Reihen ankntipft und durch die deutlich wird, daB es zuniichst konkrete analytische Probleme waren, die CANTOR auf die Be trachtung mengentheoretischer Begriffe fUhrten. Sie enthiilt einerseits die heute allgemein mit seinem Namen verkntipfte Erweiterung des Bereichs der rationalen Zahlen zum Bereich der reellen Zahlen mittels Fundamentalfolgen und das nach ihm benannte Stetig keitsaxiom. Andererseits wird in ihr der Begriff der ersten Ableitung P' einer (Iinearen) Punktmenge P eingeftihrt, der heute einer der grundlegenden BegritTe der mengentheore tischen Topologie ist und der in den spiiteren Publikationen CANTORS bei der Herausbil dung der allgemeinen Mengenlehre eine wesentIiche Rolle spielte und ihn insbesondere zu den transfiniten Ordinalzahlen ftihrte."

1m April 1961 hat die Firma Mannesmann AG einen Bericht tiber Versuche mit Stromungen urn Bundel von parallelen Rohren vorgelegt {I}. Diese Rohrbundel spielen beim Bau von Warmetauschern eine wichtige Rolle. EKperimentell wurde festgestellt, daB Rohre, die senkrecht zur Rohrachse angestromt werden und von elliptischem Querschnitt sind, in stromungs- und warmetechnischer Hin- sicht Kreisrohren uberlegen sind. Es zeigt sich, daB die Stromung fast der gesamten Rohrwand anliegt und die auftretenden Wirbelgebiete sehr klein sind (Abb. 1,1). Abb. 1,1 Es erschien deshalb interessant, diese Messungen durch mathematische Berechnungen zu erganzen. Man kann erwarten, daB der experimentelle Befund durch eine reibungsfreie ebene Potentialstromung gut wiedergegeben wird. Der Konstruktion solcher Stromungen ist die vorliegende Arbeit gewidmet. 1m erst en Teil der Arbeit wird die Berechnung der komplex en Potential- funktion einer Stromung urn mehrere Ellipsen auf die Losung eines modifizier- ten Dirichletproblems zuruckgefuhrt und numerisch ausgewertet. Da die numerische Auswertung dieses Losungsverfahrens relativ aufwendig ist, wird im zweiten Teil der Arbeit eine Naherungsmethode angegeben, die zur Berechnung des komplexen Potentials der Stromung nur die Losung 1inearer Gleichungssysteme erfordert. Bei den numerischen Berechnungen wurden nur solche Ell psen betrachtet, deren groBe Halbachen entsprechend Abb. 1,1 parallel r Anstromung ichtung liegen. 1m dritten Teil der Arbeit wird die Lage von Staupunkten im Stromungsgebiet an Hand von Beispielen untersucht, wahrend sich.der vierte Teil mit den Drucken im Stromungsgebiet beschaftigt.

In einer fruheren Arbeit {6} wurde eine Methode angegeben, die komplexe Potentialfunktion einer ebenen Potentialstromung im AuBengebiet von N Kreis- linien naherungsweise zu berechnen. Mittels dieses Losungsverfahrens wird im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit eine Potentialstromung urn N KreiszYlinder in einem Kanal mit festen Wanden berechnet. 1m zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die elastische Verformung von Hindernissen, die einer inkompressiblen Stromung ausgesetzt sind, numerisch ausgewertet. Dabei ist vorausgesetzt, daB die Hindernisse nach der Verformung die Gestalt von Kreisscheiben besitzen. Die theoretischen Betrachtungen zur ebenen Elastizitatstheorie stutzen sich weitgehend auf die Ausfuhrungen von N.I. Muschelischwili {7}. Aile numerischen Rechnungen wurden an der Rechenanlage IBM 370/168 der Gesellschaft fur Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung in Bonn durchgefuhrt. An dieser Stelle mochte ich Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Wendt und Herrn Dr. R. Weizel fur die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit und die vielen Diskussionen danken. 2 1) Berechnung einer ebenen Potentialstromung um einen Kreiszylinder in einem Kanal mit festen Wanden t Gesucht ist die komplexe Potentialfunktion einer ebenen, stationaren, symmetrischen Potentialstromung in einem Kanal der Hohe 2p. p>l (Abb. 1)., ip. i...!... 2R ) Zp x i p Abbildung 1 Die Gleichung der Kanalwande Kl und K2 laute y =+/- P d.h. die x-Achse ist Symmetrieachse des Kanals. Der Koordinatenursprung sei der Mittelpunkt eines im Ka al liegenden Kreises K3 vom Radius Eins. Die An- stromgeschwindigkeit V (V=IVI) verlaufe parallel zur positiven reellen Achse.