In order to communicate, animals send and receive signals that are subject to their particular anatomical, psychological, and environmental constraints. This SHAR volume discusses both the production and perception of acoustic signals. Chapters address the information that animals communicate, how the communication is developed and learned, and how communication systems have adapted and evolved within species. The book will give examples from a variety of species.

Livestock production systems and some husbandry practices are prone to producing veterinary important entomological concerns. In addition, various arthropod-borne diseases such as West Nile and some types of encephalitis can affect both humans and animals. To circumvent these problems successfully, a solid understanding of veterinary entomology should be the foundation of comprehensive animal-health programs and production management practices. Veterinary Entomology: Livestock and Companion Animals is a comprehensive guide to the recognition, biology, importance, and control of insects and related arthropods that may be encountered in animal husbandry practices and with companion animals. Unlike similar books, this single-authored textbook is focused exclusively on the veterinary aspects of entomology. In 15 highly readable chapters, it addresses the details of livestock/companion animal pest management within the current trends in pest management techniques and available technology such as pest surveillance and detection. Richly illustrated with more than 200 figures and a four-page color insert, the book discusses pertinent information on host-pest relationships, pest control methodology, identification, and biology of important pest groups, emphasizing those arthropods specifically associated with livestock and poultry production systems and those affecting companion animals. Written by a leading entomological expert, this book includes coverage of: Cattle Swine Sheep and goats Poultry Domestic pets Horses Veterinary Entomology: Livestock and Companion Animals is an excellent resource for all those involved with the handling and research of livestock and companion animals, as well as students in entomology, agriculture, and veterinary science.

Scarcity of water has brought about a number of structural, behavioural, physiological and ecological adaptations in amphibians inhabiting seasonally xeric habitats.
This book describes structural and functional adaptations of key organs such as skin, kidneys, bladder, lungs and ovaries. Behavioural responses to high temperatures mainly involve thermoregulation and the selection of optimal temperatures and humidity. Special emphasis is placed on physiological adaptations: water, electrolyte, nitrogen, and thermal balance and their endocrine control are treated in detail. Development and metamorphosis, larval competition for food resources, and reproductive strategies are only a few of the exciting topics in the chapter on ecological aspects.

Chondrichthyans possess unique anatomical features compared to other vertebrates, in particular a fully cartilaginous skeleton and a permanently renewed dentition. These characteristics make the fossilization of whole bodies difficult and consequently their fossil record consists mainly of a large number of isolated teeth. The study of their dentition is therefore of primary interest for our understanding of the evolution of this group. Beyond the dental morphology, the structure of the tissues composing the dentition has proved an important source of information, sometimes difficult to interpret, on the eating habits and the paleobiology of these animals. This book makes a thorough review of the existing theories in this field of research as well as introducing new elements from more recent studies. Through close reference to the fossil record of ancient selachians it examines what the study of dental tissue in cartilaginous fish can tell us about the evolution and the past biology of these animals, as well as what we can learn about the evolution of teeth themselves.

Written by the international community's leading experts, Trace Elements in Laboratory Rodents describes the best and most current methods to provide deficient or supplemental trace elements to laboratory animals, as well as how to assay them. The experts warn of the common pitfalls and hidden problems in nutritional testing and how to avoid them. This how-to approach focuses on the technical details that make good, reliable studies. Common as well as rare or recently recognized minerals are described relating to both dietary supplementation and measurement in tissues.
If you are a researcher, professor, or student working in nutrition, food science, biochemistry, or veterinary medicine, you can't afford to be without this excellent hands-on methods manual!

Physiology of the Cladocera, Second Edition, is a much-needed summary of foundational information on these increasingly important model organisms. This unique and valuable review is based on the world's literature, including Russian research not previously widely available, and offers systematically arranged data on the physiology of Cladocera, assisting with explanation of their life and distribution. It features the addition of new sections and a vast amount of new information, such as the latest data on feeding, nutrition, pathological physiology, chemical composition, neurosecretion, and behavior, as well as hormonal regulation, antioxidants, and the biochemical background of effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. Additional expertly updated contributions in genetics and cytology, and a new chapter in embryology, round out the physiological chapters, and provide comprehensive insight into the state of knowledge of Cladocera and their underlying mechanisms. Cladocera crustaceans have become globally studied for many purposes, including genetic, molecular, ecological, environmental, water quality, systematics, and evolutionary biology research. Since the genome of Daphnia was sequenced and published, that system has gained much wider exposure, also leading to a rapidly growing awareness of the importance of understanding physiological processes as they relate to evolutionary and ecological genomics as well as ecogenomic toxicology. However, the physiological background on Cladocera has been fragmentary (including on the other 700 known species besides Daphnia), despite the extensive literature on species identification and morphology. This work addresses this issue by collecting and synthesizing from the literature the state of knowledge of cladoceran physiology, including discussion on both adequately and inadequately investigated fields, and thus directions of future research.

How to Raise a Puppy moves away from the traditional approach to raising puppies, focused on obedience and control, and instead takes an holistic, dog-centred approach. Drawing on research into how dogs naturally rear their young, and how dogs have evolved to behave and spend their time, it supports a new way of sharing our lives with our dogs. It also offers advice on dealing with some of the common challenges people experience with puppies, and tips for managing adolescence. A much-needed resource for dog trainers, veterinarians and behaviourists to recommend to clients, this conveys a powerful message to help overcome all too common issues so many people have with their puppies. Packed with practical advice, it offers an overdue "puppy perspective", with respect for a dog as a sentient being at its core.

How to Raise a Puppy moves away from the traditional approach to raising puppies, focused on obedience and control, and instead takes an holistic, dog-centred approach. Drawing on research into how dogs naturally rear their young, and how dogs have evolved to behave and spend their time, it supports a new way of sharing our lives with our dogs. It also offers advice on dealing with some of the common challenges people experience with puppies, and tips for managing adolescence. A much-needed resource for dog trainers, veterinarians and behaviourists to recommend to clients, this conveys a powerful message to help overcome all too common issues so many people have with their puppies. Packed with practical advice, it offers an overdue "puppy perspective", with respect for a dog as a sentient being at its core.

Historical Perspectives. Morphology of Chemoreceptors. Re-Examination of the Carotid body Ultrastructure with Paying Attention to the Intercellular Membrane Apposition; H. Kondo, H. Iwasa. Biochemistry of Chemoreceptor Mechanisms. Developmental Aspects of Chemoreceptors. Mechanisms of Carotid Chemoreceptor Resetting After Birth: in vitro Studies; J.L. Carroll, et al. Biophysics of Ionic Channels in Chemoreceptors. Molecular Biology of Chemoreceptors. Evaluation of Gene Expression in the Rat Carotid Body Using the Differential Display Technique; J. Chen, et al. Generation of Chemosensory Activity. transmitters Involved in Chemoreception: Acetylcholine. Release of Acetylcholine from the in vitro Cat Carotid Body; R.S. Fitzgerald, M. Shirahata. Transmitters Involved in Chemoreception: Catecholamines. Dopamine Efflux from the Carotid Body During Hypoxic Stimulation; P. Zapata, et al. Transmiters Involved in Chemoreception: Adenosine and Peptides. Transmitters Involved in Chemoreception: Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide. Chemoreflex Pathways. Coherence of Chemosensor Discharges in Catas' Carotid Nerves. Cooperative Inputs or Redundant Afferences?; J. Alcayaga, et al. Chemoreceptors in Ventilatory Regulation. Chemoreflex Integration and Effectors. 65 Additional Articles. Index.

--- EMS (extra-mural studies) are an essential element of undergraduate veterinary education. Students must complete a minimum of 38 weeks EMS during their course, which should normally consist of 12 weeks pre-clinical and 26 weeks of clinical placements, a large portion of which takes place on farms. -- The highly illustrated approach allows readers to see the highlighted differences rather than try to imagine what cases look like and differentiate them from written descriptions. -- A repository of over 1000 10-second video clips accompanies the book, accessible to students on the farm with a smart phone. Each clip uniqeuly shows the animal's clinical presentation, internal disease/imaging and then healthy recovery -- There are a limited number of common conditions seen by vets in farm animal practice and an exhaustive list of all known diseases is not needed: textbooks often include such diseases for the benefit of an academic reviewer rather than student and general practitioner readers. -- This concise guide offers a breath of fresh air among the existing hefty expensive large animal medicine tomes on the market. --- Some comments from veterinary students on the proposal: "I firmly believe that this would be a very useful book and only wish that it existed already for my clinical EMS"; "There are currently several 'pocket books' for small animal medicine such as the Mini Vet guide but nothing for farm animals"; "Using a small animal 'quick', ring-bound, reference guide on EMS has been extremely useful, and it would be very beneficial to have a large animal alternative"; "The author's suggested use of high quality illustrations is what a student desperately needs. At the end of the day we need to be able to work out many diseases with similar symptoms - this book would provide that where may other current textbooks do not. I would support this new book, and hope it is released before I go into exams in the future - as it is what I currently need help within revision like so many other students. It is what the veterinary student dreams of having, and yet no one has produced it!"

The first book on zoo/captive animal behavior and how this applies to welfare. Despite growing evidence of the need to implement more suitable, naturalistic practices into zoo animal welfare, it still seems to be somewhat overlooked - this book will address this oversight. Includes specific detail and examples focusing on taxa, a huge factor in managing animals in zoos that has not previously been addressed in this way. Covers invertebrates as well as vertebrate species. Would be a recommended or core text on Zoo Biology courses, BScs in Animal Science, and Animal Welfare MScs, as well as an invaluable practitioner reference. A lot of students interested in animal behaviour are interested in zoos. Each chapter covers species-specific content include the following information: Ecology and natural history as relevant to the zoo, behaviour and welfare measures based on ecological knowledge, feeding ecology and nutritional management, mating systems and reproductive characteristics, enrichment and behavioural diversity. The chapters are consistently formatted for ease of information, with end of chapter summaries, boxes with selected enrichment devices or welfare assessment methods for assessing welfare state, and directed reading of peer reviewed and other reputable sources that help advance care. A final Part explores welfare assessment tools, quality of life, veterinary interventions and evidence-based approaches. It looks at ways to increase the value of zoo and aquarium animals by enhancing visitor interest and visitor behaviour change. Also, research needs for keepers and how to build evidence into a daily routine, as well as management of native species programmes and the future of zoo research.

This unique selection of reviews summarizes current knowledge in all major fields of crustacean neurobiology and all levels of their CNS organization, using lobster and crayfish. It not only imparts theoretical knowledge but also describes all available contemporary and advanced techniques, such as patch clamp recordings, microelectrode techniques, immunocytochemistry, and all methods of molecular genetics to identify cellular pathways of protein synthesis and peptidergic control. In summary, it is a comprehensive account of the research achievements in one of the major nervous systems besides the mammalian CNS.

The Development of the Vascular System: Embryonic Development of Blood Vessels; F. Dieterlen-Lievre, L. Pardanaud. Regulation of Embryonic Blood Vessel; H. Drexler et al.. Biology of Endothelial Cells and Angiogenesis: Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Endothelial Cells; M. Presta, et al. Role of Integrinss in Endothelial Cell Function; E. Dejana, et al. Angiogenesis in Disease States: Angiogenesis and Neoplastic Transformation; P.M. Gullino. Tumor Induced Angiogenesis; J.L. Ambrus, et al. Promoters and Inhibitors of Angiogenesis: Brain Tumor Angiogenesis; C. Guerin, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Promoters and Inhibitors of Angiogenesis: On Promoter of Angiogenesis and Therapeutic Potential; P.M. Gullino. Methodology: Assays for Angiogenic Factors; J.B. Weiss. 23 additional articles. Index.

William Harvey (1578-1657) was a rebel in medical science: Contrary to contemporary practice, he began his epoch-making investigation into the action of the heart and the blood's circulation by minutely observing their action in live animals and by a lengthy series of dissections, rather than by mere reliance on the anatomical lessons of ancient medicine and philosophy. "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals", including explanations of heart valves and arterial pulse, stands as a triumph of true scientific inquiry, and is still regarded as one of the greatest discoveries in physiology.

This detailed new edition aims to provide a range of methods and protocols for studying vascular morphogenesis in vivo and in vitro to reflect up-to-date advances in the field. Of note, the book explores endothelial cell signaling is currently understood to promote fundamental cues for cell fate specification, embryo patterning, organ differentiation, and postnatal tissue remodeling. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and timely, Vascular Morphogenesis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition will serve as an ideal guide to this area of study for a broad audience amongst cell biologists, anatomists, pathologists, and physiologists.

This book is actually a product of efforts of many people, not only of the authors. W ide investigations of marine mammals began in Russia (that time, in the former Soviet Union) in the 1960s when a few teams of enthusiasts founded in captivity experimental stations intended for keeping dolphins and seals and for performing experimental studies of these fascinating animals. It was a time when attention of many people throughout the world was attracted to dolphins and other marine mammals due to appearance of oceanariums and dolphinariums, which demonstrated unique capabilities of these animals. So scientists in many countries concentrated on studies of them. There was much to learn about the morphology, physiology, and psychology of marine mammals, and investigators spending their time and efforts on studies in this field were rewarded by a number of surprising findings. The authors of this book represent one of such research teams focused on the neuro- and sensory physiology of marine mammals. A few decades of studies naturally resulted in the idea to summarize in a book both the results of these studies and a large body of data in adjacent fields. Our goal was to synthesize the many research findings and the present knowledge on sensory capabilities and mechanisms of sensory systems of aquatic mammals. We realize, however, that the appearance of this book was made possible due to the help and assistance of many colleagues.

The fifth Oxford Conference was held on September 17th-19th, 1991, at the Fuji Institute of Training in Japan -the first time that the meeting has taken place in the Asian area. The facts that only a relatively few Japanese had attended previous Oxford Conferences and that Japan is far from other regions with possible participants made the organizers anticipate a small attendance at the meeting. However, contrary to our expectations, 198 active members (72 foreign and 126 domestic participants) submitted 146 papers from 15 countries. This was far beyond our preliminary estimate and could have caused problems in providing accommodation for the participants and in programming their scientific presentations. These difficulties, however, were successfully overcome by using nearby hotels, by telecasting presentations into a second lecture room and by displaying a substantial number of poster presentations during the whole period of the meeting. The meeting had two types of sessions: regular and current topics. The first paper in each session represented a shon overview or introduction so as to make it easier for the audience to comprehend the problems at issue. Because of the large number of papers submitted, carefully selected speakers (mostly well-known scholars) made excellent presentations that were followed by lively discussions. In this way, the conference laid a foundation on which to base its continued scientific success.

This volume provides the reader with an overview of an intriguing and interdisciplinary field of research. For the first time the mammalian pineal gland, its mode of action and its physiological effects are discussed in a comprehensive, single-authored work.

Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens presents expert summaries on state-of-the-art diagnostic approaches for major animal viral pathogens, with a particular emphasis on identification and differentiation at the molecular level. Written by specialists in related research areas, each chapter provides a concise overview of an individual virus or group concerning its Classification Morphology Genome organization Epidemiology Clinical features Diagnosis Sample collection and preparation procedures Molecular detection protocols Each chapter also discusses future prospects or further research requirements for streamlining the identification and epidemiological tracking of the virus concerned. With broad coverage presented in a concise format, Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens is an essential reference for both beginning and experienced laboratory scientists as well as students of virology. It also offers an indispensable guide applicable to medical, veterinary, and industrial settings that are dependent on speedy turnarounds, extreme sensitivity, and exquisite specificity of virological testing for decision making and disease prevention.

From an evolutionary perspective, understanding chimpanzees offers a way of understanding the basis of human nature. This book on cognitive development in chimpanzees is the first of its kind to focus on infants reared by their own mothers within a natural setting, illustrating various aspects of chimpanzee cognition and the developmental changes accompanying them. The subjects are chimpanzees of three generations inhabiting an enriched environment, as well as a wild community in West Africa. There is a foreword by Jane Goodall and 26 color photos of chimpanzees in the laboratory and in the field in West Africa are included.

Continues to be clear, concise and very easy to understand Remains an important resource for uncommon conditions The differential diagnosis segment is a big selling point Content is now thoroughly up to date, including for instance - significant scientific advances in diagnostic procedures, new classification of microbes. The color images are exceptional quality and now presented in a larger format. This second edition includes five additonal section on pythiosis, equine encephalosis, Acinetobacter baumanii, enteric coronavirus-induced disease, and viral hepatitis. These emerging diseases in equine medicine are duly elaborated upon in this second edition. The most dynamic changes in veterinary medicine concern the development of new molecular diagnostic techniques and therapies, and these have been updated with most recent references throughout this second edition. The practicality of the book for clinicians remains warranted by means of the included appendices containing a list of differential diagnoses based on clinical signs to support clinical decision-making, and a list of zoonoses and reportable diseases, and an elaborate illustrated appendix on clinical pathology and hematology. Equally dynamic is the field of emerging infectious diseases especially in the human-animal interface. The new edition emphasises the important role of the clinical and research veterinarian at forefront in recognizing and diagnosing new emerging infectious diseases.

A number of remarkable recent breakthroughs have made the study of nitric oxide one of the most exciting fields in physiology and pathophysiology. This authoritative edited volume reviews the progress to date and opens perspectives to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The contributors are leading authorites, in most cases the investigators who have pioneered the ideas explored in the book.

Extremely diverse and complicated bacterial and protozoan populations inhabit the rumen and intestinal tract of animals, and there is a delicate balance among the individual populations within this complex microbial community. This authoritative edited volume, the first in a two-volume set, reviews the gut environment and the fermentations taking place in animal digestive tracts. It is an essential source of reference for microbial ecologists and physiologists, medical microbiologists and gastroenterologists, biochemists, nutritionists, veterinarians and animal scientists, and wildlife ecologists.

Much has happened in the 19 years since the publication of the first edition of Reptiles and Amphibians: Self-Assessment Color Review. Many more scientists and clinicians have taken an interest in reptiles and amphibians, novel radiographic techniques have been developed, and veterinary surgeons have devised operative solutions to numerous serious conditions in both reptiles and amphibians. The time is right for an expanded second edition that covers these developments and more. See What's in the Second Edition: More than 230 new and revised reptile and amphibian cases, illustrated in color Case studies with answers that fully explore the disease or disorder in question Case selection based on common reptilian and amphibian species kept as pets or study animals Written by a foremost authority, this book presents more than 230 cases and questions at different levels of expertise, with detailed explanatory answers. The cases appear in random order, just as they would in real life, and enable you-by solving the clinical puzzle-to make differential diagnoses, treatment plans, and prognoses. The color review includes a wealth of problem-oriented information of value-and enjoyment-for formal and informal training and continuing education.

Functional and Structural Constituents of Neuronal Ca2+ Channel Modulation by Neurotransmitters; E. Carbone, et al. Target Striatal Cells Regulate Development of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurones; C. Perrone-Capano, et al. Facts and Fantasies about Hair Cells; J.F. Ashmore. The Vomeronasal Organ; A. Cavaggioni, et al. Potassium Currents of Hair Cells in Thin Slices of Vestibular Epithelium; I. Prigioni, et al. A Compartment Model for Vertegrate Phototransduction Predicts Sensitivity and Adaptation; J.P. Raynauld. Modeling Odor Intensity and Odor Quality Coding in Olfactory Systems; J.P. Rospars, et al. Functional Connections between the Architecture of the Dendritic Arborization and the Microarchitecture of the Dendritic Membrane; P. Gogan, et al. The Functional Significance of Cerebellar Anatomy; D. Heck. Architecture for a Replicative Memory; J. D' Ninio. Measuring Information from Neuronal Activity; S. Panzeri, et al. Visual Processing in the Temporal Lobe for Invariant Object Recognition; E.T. Rolls. Biophysical Aspects of Cortical Networks; S. Rotter. On the Time Required for Recurrent Processing in the Brain; A. Treves, et al. 16 additional articles. Index.