Hadrian's Wall is the largest, most spectacular and one of the most enigmatic historical monument in Britain. Nothing else approaches its vast scale: a land wall running 73 miles from east to west and a sea wall stretching at least 26 miles down the Cumbrian coast. Many of its forts are as large as Britain's most formidable medieval castles, and the wide ditch dug to the south of the Wall, the vallum, is larger than any surviving prehistoric earthwork. Built in a ten-year period by more than 30,000 soldiers and labourers at the behest of an extraordinary emperor, the Wall consisted of more than 24 million stones, giving it a mass greater than all the Egyptian pyramids put together. At least a million people visit Hadrian's Wall each year and it has been designated a World Heritage Site. In this book, based on literary and historical sources as well as the latest archaeological research, Alistair Moffat considers who built the Wall, how it was built, why it was built and how it affected the native peoples who lived in its mighty shadow. The result is a unique and fascinating insight into one of the Wonders of the Ancient World.

This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part F to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covering ventilation and applies to dwellings only, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADF1: Dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Ventilation provision Minimising the ingress of external pollutants Work on existing dwellings Commissioning and providing information Key terms Performance-based ventilation Completion checklist and commissioning sheet Checklist for ventilation provision in existing dwellings The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to dwellings only. In a mixed-use building, Approved Document F, Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings should be consulted for building work in parts of the building that are not dwellings.

This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part F to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covers ventilation and applies to buildings other than dwellings only, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADF2: Buildings other than dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Ventilation provision Minimising the ingress of external pollutants Work on existing dwellings Commissioning and providing information Key terms Performance-based ventilation CO2 monitoring The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to buildings other than dwellings only. For guidance relating to dwellings, use Approved Document F, Volume 1: Dwellings.

This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part L to Schedule 1 of the Building Regulations covering the conservation of fuel and power and the associated energy efficiency requirements for dwellings, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADL1: Conservation of fuel and power - Dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Calculating the target primary energy rate, target emission rate and target fabric energy efficiency rate Calculating the dwelling primary energy rate, dwelling emission rate and dwelling fabric energy efficiency rate Consideration of high efficiency alternative systems Limiting heat gains and losses Minimum building services efficiencies and controls - general guidance System specific guidance Air permeability and pressure testing Commissioning Providing information New elements in existing dwellings, including extensions Work to elements in existing dwellings Consequential improvements Key terms Reporting evidence of compliance Work to thermal elements The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to dwellings only. In a mixed-use building, Approved Document L, Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings should be consulted for building work in parts of the building that are not dwellings.

This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part L to Schedule 1 of the Building Regulations and the associated energy efficiency requirements for buildings other than dwellings, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADL2: Conservation of fuel and power - Buildings other than dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Calculating the target primary energy rate and target emission rate Calculating the building primary energy rate and dwelling emission rate Consideration of high efficiency alternative systems Limiting heat gains and losses Minimum building services efficiencies and controls - general guidance System specific guidance Air permeability and pressure testing Commissioning Providing information New elements in existing buildings, including extensions Work to elements in existing buildings Consequential improvements Key terms Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) Reporting evidence of compliance Measures for consequential improvements Hierarchy for establishing seasonal efficiencies of existing boilers The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to dwellings other than dwellings only. For guidance relating to dwellings, use Approved Document L, Volume 1: Dwellings.

This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part O to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covering overheating mitigation requirements and applies to new residential buildings only. It takes effect on 15 June 2022 but does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADO: Overheating contains the following sections: Simplified method Dynamic thermal analysis Ensuring the overheating mitigation strategy is usable Providing information Key terms Compliance checklist Areas at a high risk of buildings overheating The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England.

All new homes and buildings in England will be required by law to install electric vehicle charging points from June 2022. New-build supermarkets, workplaces and buildings undergoing major renovations will also come under the new law. This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part S to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covering electric vehicle charging infrastructure requirements and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADS: Infrastructure for the charging of electric vehicles covers: New residential buildings New non-residential buildings Buildings undergoing material change of use Residential buildings undergoing major renovation Non-residential buildings undergoing major renovation Mixed-use buildings undergoing relevant building work The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England.

Cathedrals and abbeys are the most beautiful and iconic buildings of the British Isles, and have formed the bedrock of our nation for centuries. This absorbing collection of amazing and extraordinary facts opens the doors of these fascinating structures to reveal their rich historical and architectural heritage. From stories of English Popes, martyred archbishops and renegade bishops to iconoclastic kings, power-hungry nobles and architectural dynasties, as well as the role of the Romans, Anglo-Saxons and Vikings, we explore how the people and religion in Britain have shaped these buildings over the last 2,000 years. Also read about the architectural heritage of British cathedrals, from troublesome spires, stained glass wonders and buy-a-brick campaigns to abbeys in the sea, fortified castle-cathedrals and mass graves. Along with tales of famous memorials and artefacts, fascinating folklore and architectural feats, these intriguing and diverse facts will provide something for every enthusiast to dip into and relish.

Abandoned Melbourne presents a collection of photographs of the perennially awarded world's most liveable city rendered empty, abandoned and in Covid lockdown during 2020. Abandoned Melbourne depicts Melbourne vacant, with the CBD's places and spaces, customarily buzzing, rendered motionless and without life. Landscape photographer Gavin John, a long-term resident of Melbourne, turned his camera and his focus onto vistas of a different nature and reveals downtown Melbourne as it has never been witnessed before.

Abandoned buildings are a viewfinder into our heritage and often offer a story to tell us, but not everyone will be lucky enough to hear these stories before these buildings are gone forever. It was this line of thinking that grew the author's passion for discovering and exploring abandoned buildings, heritage sites and locations not normally seen by the public eye. With camera in my hand, he set out to find, visit, photograph and document as many of these locations as he could before their stories are lost forever. With over 140 eye-catching images from abandoned places such as eerie old factories, crumbling asylums, untouched country theatres, forgotten homes, all mixed with a small insight into their history, Abandoned Brisbane is a showcase of just some of the amazing locations within a few hours' drive of Brisbane.