This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part L to Schedule 1 of the Building Regulations and the associated energy efficiency requirements for buildings other than dwellings, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADL2: Conservation of fuel and power - Buildings other than dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Calculating the target primary energy rate and target emission rate Calculating the building primary energy rate and dwelling emission rate Consideration of high efficiency alternative systems Limiting heat gains and losses Minimum building services efficiencies and controls - general guidance System specific guidance Air permeability and pressure testing Commissioning Providing information New elements in existing buildings, including extensions Work to elements in existing buildings Consequential improvements Key terms Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) Reporting evidence of compliance Measures for consequential improvements Hierarchy for establishing seasonal efficiencies of existing boilers The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to dwellings other than dwellings only. For guidance relating to dwellings, use Approved Document L, Volume 1: Dwellings.

All new homes and buildings in England will be required by law to install electric vehicle charging points from June 2022. New-build supermarkets, workplaces and buildings undergoing major renovations will also come under the new law. This Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part S to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covering electric vehicle charging infrastructure requirements and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023. ADS: Infrastructure for the charging of electric vehicles covers: New residential buildings New non-residential buildings Buildings undergoing material change of use Residential buildings undergoing major renovation Non-residential buildings undergoing major renovation Mixed-use buildings undergoing relevant building work The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England.

Islamic architecture has enriched design with a wide variety of structural shapes, including among others, unique arches, a wide variety of vaults and domes which allow for new forms to be developed. This volume deals with the design of many types of buildings in Islamic countries, including not only the better known public buildings like mosques, mausolea, citadels and forts, but also houses and gardens, engineering works such as bridges and dams, irrigation systems and many others which have also had a profound impact on society. There is much to learn from past experiences to arrive at solutions that are environmentally sound and sustainable in the long term. As conventional energy resources become scarce, the Islamic design heritage can offer invaluable lessons on how to deal in an efficient manner with cases of hard and extreme environments. Traditional architecture and urban environments in most Islamic countries are now being eroded by overemphasis on a global type of architecture and city planning. As a consequence, many regions are losing their identity. The included research reviews these developments in the light of what the classical Islamic urban designs and architectures have to offer modern society. Equally as important is the analysis of the materials employed and the types of structural elements, particularly those unique to Islamic architecture. Associated topics considered are music, textiles and ceramics, which are essential parts of the architectural fabric. Also included are papers on construction materials, not only stone and brick but also more perishable materials like adobe, wood and reeds. Preserving this heritage also requires the development of appropriate conservation techniques in response to the different materials used and the ways structural forms work, including under extreme conditions, such as earthquakes. The influence of Islamic architecture on the development of new structural form, shape and design in Western countries is also a focus of the included studies.

Artificial Intelligence for Renewable Energy Systems addresses the energy industries remarkable move from traditional power generation to a cost-effective renewable energy system, and most importantly, the paradigm shift from a market-based cost of the commodity to market-based technological advancements. Featuring recent developments and state-of-the-art applications of artificial intelligence in renewable energy systems design, the book emphasizes how AI supports effective prediction for energy generation, electric grid related line loss prediction, load forecasting, and for predicting equipment failure prevention. Looking at approaches in system modeling and performance prediction of renewable energy systems, this volume covers power generation systems, building service systems and combustion processes, exploring advances in machine learning, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and hybrid mechanisms.

Inside Christian churches, natural light has long been harnessed to underscore theological, symbolic, and ideological statements. In this volume, twenty-four international scholars with various specialties explore how the study of sunlight can reveal essential aspects of the design, decoration, and function of medieval sacred spaces. Themes covered include the interaction between patrons, advisors, architects, and artists, as well as local negotiations among competing traditions that yielded new visual and spatial constructs for which natural light served as a defining and unifying factor. The study of natural light in medieval churches reveals cultural relations, knowledge transfer patterns, processes of translation and adaptation, as well as experiential aspects of sacred spaces in the Middle Ages. Contributors are: Anna Adashinskaya, Jelena Bogdanovic, Debanjana Chatterjee, Ljiljana Cavic, Aleksandar Cucakovic, Dusan Danilovic, Magdalena Dragovic, Natalia Figueiras Pimentel, Leslie Forehand, Jacob Gasper, Vera Henkelmann, Gabriel-Dinu Herea, Vladimir Ivanovici, Charles Kerton, Jorge Lopez Quiroga, Anastasija Martinenko, Andrea Mattiello, Ruben G. Mendoza, Dimitris Minasidis, Maria Paschali, Marko Pejic, Iakovos Potamianos, Maria Shevelkina, Alice Isabella Sullivan, Travis Yeager, and Olga Yunak.

Michigan's Keweenaw Peninsula juts into Lake Superior, pointing from the western Upper Peninsula toward Canada. Native peoples mined copper there for at least five thousand years, but the industrial heyday of the "Copper Country" began in the late nineteenth century, as immigrants from Cornwall, Italy, Finland, and elsewhere came to work in mines largely run from faraway cities such as New York and Boston. In those cities, suburbs had developed to allow wealthier classes to escape the dirt and grime of the industrial center. In the Copper Country, however, the suburbs sprang up nearly adjacent to mines, mills, and coal docks. Sarah Fayen Scarlett contrasts two types of neighborhoods that transformed Michigan's mining frontier between 1875 and 1920: paternalistic company towns built for the workers and elite suburbs created by the region's network of business leaders. Richly illustrated with drawings, maps, and photographs, Company Suburbs details the development of these understudied cultural landscapes that arose when elites began to build housing that was architecturally distinct from that of the multiethnic workers within the old company towns. They followed national trends and created social hierarchies in the process, but also, uniquely, incorporated pre-existing mining features and adapted company housing practices. This idiosyncratic form of suburbanization belies the assumption that suburbs and industry were independent developments. Built environments evince interrelationships among landscapes, people, and power. Scarlett's work offers new perspectives on emerging national attitudes linking domestic architecture with class and gender identity. Company Suburbs complements scholarship on both industrial communities and early suburban growth, increasing our understanding of the ways hierarchies associated with industrial capitalism have been built into the shared environments of urban areas as well as seemingly peripheral American towns.

Neurodivergence and Architecture, Volume Five, the latest release in the Developments in Neuroethics and Bioethics series, focuses on the new and fascinating ethical and legal challenges posed by neurotechnology and its global regulation. Topics in this new release cover STS on architecture, Embodied Rhetoric/ Disability Studies, Autoethnography, Bioethics/Materialist Feminism, Advocacy, Cultural Commentary: Being Autistic Together, An autistic perspective on built spaces, Empty spaces and refrigerator boxes: making autistic spaces, On the Losing Myself Project, Neither Use nor Ornament (NUNO) project, Madness and (Be)coming Out Within and Through Spaces of Confinement, and more.

Ottoman Architecture is the first modern history of Ottoman architecture written by Ottomans themselves, yet it is little known outside the field of late Ottoman studies. This magnificently-illustrated volume codifies the empire’s architectural history into a series of preliminary stages culminating in the efflorescence of the Ottoman classical tradition in the 16th century. At the same time, the text positions this imperial architectural legacy in relation to modernising projects in the late Ottoman Empire; in particular, the 'Ottoman architectural Renaissance' sponsored by Sultan Abdülaziz (r. 1861 face=Calibri>–1876). Moreover, as has been argued in other research, architecture is a prism through which the authors offer a larger analysis of modernity in the Ottoman Empire; an analysis where built heritage serves 'as an index for various stages in the transformation of the Ottoman state and civilization'.