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Books > History > Australasian & Pacific history
From Greenwich Village to Guadalcanal in just over a year, David
Zellmer would find piloting a B-24 bomber in the South Pacific a
far cry from his life as a fledgling member of the Martha Graham
Dance Company. He soon discovered the unimagined thrills of first
flights and the astonishment of learning that an aerial spin was
merely a vertical pirouette which one spotted on a barn thousands
of feet below, instead of on a doorknob in Martha's studio.
Reconstructed from letters home, this captivating account traces
Zellmer's journey from New York to the islands of the South Pacific
as the 13th Air Force battled to push back the Japanese invaders in
1943 and 1944.
Spurred to action by encouraging letters from Martha Graham, who
urges him to document his participation in the great tragic play of
the Second World War, Zellmer struggles to come to terms with the
fears and joys of flying, of killing and being killed. Each stage
of the battle takes him farther and farther from those he loves,
until the soft night breezes and moon-splashed surf no longer work
their magic. From bombing runs against Truk, the infamous
headquarters of the Japanese Fleet, to much savored slivers of
civilization in Auckland and Sydney, the young pilot bemoans a
gnawing concern at a loss of sensation, the prospect of life--not
as a performer, but as a spectator. With distant memories of life
on the stage, he finds that only the threat of death can bring the
same intensity of feeling.
George Worgan was an English naval surgeon who accompanied the
First Fleet to Australia. He made expeditions to the Hawkesbury
River and Broken Bay areas north of Sydney and spent a year on
Norfolk Island after his was shipwrecked there. Although he kept a
journal, it was not published on his return, unlike his
contemporary, Watkin Tench. This book consists of letters to his
brother in England, written in 1788, the second letter journaling
the first six months after the First Fleet's arrival in Sydney
Cove.
During 1928-9 the renowned anthropologist Raymond Firth visited
Tikopia, a small island in the east of Solomon Islands, for the
first time. This book takes the collection he made as its subject,
and explores how through its acquisition, Firth ceased to be a
stranger and became a respected figure incorporated into Tikopia
society. The objects were originally viewed by Firth as data in a
scientific record of a culture, and evidence challenging the belief
that complex economic transactions could only take place in a
recognizable market economy. Elizabeth Bonshek, however, revisits
the collection's documentation and the ethnography of Tikopia with
a different intent in mind: to highlight the social relations the
collecting process illuminates and to acknowledge Tikopia voices,
past and present. She argues that Firth downplayed the impact of
contact with outsiders - whalers, traders and missionaries calling
for the abandonment of the Work of the Gods - yet this context is
vital for understanding why local people actively contributed to
his collecting and research. She follows the life of the collection
after leaving the island in institutions that attributed different
meanings to its significance, in a failed repatriation request and
in a new role in the transmission of 'cultural heritage' along with
Firth's writings. She concludes that Firth's exchanges of objects
with other high-ranking men were culturally appropriate to the
social values dominant in that time and place. Indeed, she suggests
that while Firth was acquiring Tikopia artefacts, the Tikopia were
perhaps acquiring him. On what ethical and economic terms does an
anthropologist acquire other people's things? Collecting Tikopia
deftly applies the insights of contemporary material culture
studies to a historically important case. Bonshek coaxes
ethnographic documents and museum artefacts to reveal how objects
both materialize cultural identities over time and mediate social
relations across worlds of difference. Professor Robert Foster,
University of Rochester, President of the Society for Cultural
Anthropology. Richly supported by documentation this skilful and
insightful analysis reveals the complexity of cross-cultural
interactions and highlights important concerns for the
interpretation and management of cultural heritage in museum
'treasure places' worldwide. Dr Robin Torrence, Senior Principal
Research Scientist, Anthropology Research, Australian Museum.
Reunited with their horses in Egypt after the shattering experience
of Gallipoli (a story recounted in Terry Kinloch's earlier book,
Echoes of Gallipoli), the Anzac mounted riflemen and light horsemen
were initially charged with the defence of the Suez Canal, then
with the clearance of the Sinai peninsula, and finally with the
destruction of the Turkish armies in Palestine and Syria. At last
they could pursue the style of warfare for which they had been
trained: on horseback. The First World War battlefields in the
Middle East have long been overshadowed by those of Gallipoli and
the Western Front. Yet the story of the mounted riflemen in Sinai
and Palestine is a truly fascinating one. Using the soldiers'
original letters and diaries wherever possible, Kinloch vividly
describes every battle and skirmish in the long campaign against
the Turks: the crucial Battle of Romani, the defeats at Bir el Abd,
Gaza and Amman, and the successes at Beersheba, Ayun Kara and
elsewhere. He explains the reality of tactical operations in the
harsh desert environment, the ever-present necessity of securing
water for the precious horses and the remorseless tenacity of the
enemy. The horses play a major part in the story, but of the
thousands of faithful animals involved, only one would ever return
home after the war. Devils on Horses is a gripping read that offers
new information about a theatre of war that has been overlooked for
decades. Based on original research, it is sure to be the standard
reference work on New Zealand's Middle East campaign for years to
come.
Anzac Labour explores the horror, frustration and exhaustion
surrounding working life in the Australian Imperial Force during
the First World War. Based on letters and diaries of Australian
soldiers, it traces the history of work and workplace cultures
through Australia, the shores of Gallipoli, the fields of France
and Belgium, and the Near East.
Offering new historical understandings of human responses to
climate and climate change, this cutting-edge volume explores the
dynamic relationship between settlement, climate, and colonization,
covering everything from the physical impact of climate on
agriculture and land development to the development of "folk" and
government meteorologies.
This volume provides a unique and critical perspective on how
Chinese, Japanese and Korean scholars engage and critique the West
in their historical thinking. It showcases the dialogue between
Asian experts and their Euro-American counterparts and offers
valuable insights on how to challenge and overcome Eurocentrism in
historical writing.
This book explores the emergence of 'Australasia' as a way of
thinking about the culture and geography of this region. Although
it is frequently understood to apply only to Australia and New
Zealand, the concept has a longer and more complicated history.
'Australasia' emerged in the mid-18th century in both French and
British writing as European empires extended their reach into Asia
and the Pacific, and initially held strong links to the Asian
continent. The book shows that interpretations and understandings
of 'Australasia' shifted away from Asia in light of British
imperial interests in the 19th century, and the concept was adapted
by varying political agendas and cultural visions in order to reach
into the Pacific or towards Antarctica. The Making and Remaking of
Australasia offers a number of rich case studies which highlight
how the idea itself was adapted and moulded by people and texts
both in the southern hemisphere and the imperial metropole where a
range of competing actors articulated divergent visions of this
part of the British Empire. An important contribution to the
cultural history of the British Empire, Australia, New Zealand and
Pacific Studies, this collection shows how 'Australasia' has had
multiple, often contrasting, meanings.
World War II was a watershed event for the people of the former
Japanese colonies of Micronesia. The Japanese military build-up,
the conflict itself, and the American occupation and control of the
conquered islands brought rapid and dramatic changes to Micronesian
life. Whether they spent the war in caves and bomb shelters, in
sweet potato fields under armed Japanese guard, or in their own
homes, Micronesians who survived those years recognize that their
peoples underwent a major historical transformation. Like a
typhoon, the war swept away a former life. The Typhoon of War
combines archival research and oral history culled from more than
three hundred Micronesian survivors to offer a comparative history
of the war in Micronesia. It is the first book to develop Islander
perspectives on a topic still dominated by military histories that
all but ignore the effects of wartime operations on indigenous
populations. The authors explore the significant cultural meanings
of the war for Island peoples, for the events of the war are the
foundation on which Micronesians have constructed their modern view
of themselves, their societies, and the wider world. Their
recollections of those tumultuous years contain a wealth of detail
about wartime activities, local conditions, and social change,
making this an invaluable reference for anyone interested in
twentieth-century Micronesia. Photographs, maps, and a detailed
chronology will help readers situate Micronesian experiences within
the broader context of the Pacific War.
Spanning four centuries and vast space, this book combines the
global history of ideas with particular histories of encounters
between European voyagers and Indigenous people in Oceania (Island
Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific
Islands). Douglas shows how prevailing concepts of human
difference, or race, influenced travellers' approaches to
encounters. Yet their presuppositions were often challenged or
transformed by the appearance, conduct, and lifestyle of local
inhabitants. The book's original theory and method reveal traces of
Indigenous agency in voyagers' representations which in turn
provided key evidence for the natural history of man and the
science of race. In keeping with recent trends in colonial
historiography, Douglas diverts historical attention from imperial
centres to so-called peripheries, discredits the outmoded
stereotype that Europeans necessarily dominated non-Europeans, and
takes local agency seriously.
Daisy Bates, amateur anthrolopogist and officially designated
"Protector of Aboriginies" was well qualified to write this classic
on the Aboriginals of Australia.
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