Discontinuous Systems develops nonsmooth stability analysis and discontinuous control synthesis based on novel modeling of discontinuous dynamic systems, operating under uncertain conditions. While being primarily a research monograph devoted to the theory of discontinuous dynamic systems, no background in discontinuous systems is required; such systems are introduced in the book at the appropriate conceptual level. Being developed for discontinuous systems, the theory is successfully applied to their subclasses variable-structure and impulsive systems as well as to finite- and infinite-dimensional systems such as distributed-parameter and time-delay systems. The presentation concentrates on algorithms rather than on technical implementation although theoretical results are illustrated by electromechanical applications. These specific applications complete the book and, together with the introductory theoretical constituents bring some elements of the tutorial to the text.

This volume presents an integrated approach of the common fundamentals of rail and road vehicles based on multibody system dynamics, rolling wheel contact and control system design. The methods presented allow an efficient and reliable analysis of the resulting state equations. The book provides also a better understanding of the basic physical phenomena of vehicle dynamics. Particular attention is paid to developments of future rail and road vehicles including motorcycles.

This is the second book edited with a selection of papers from the two-yearly THIESEL Conference on Thermo- and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines, organised by CMT-Mvtores Termicos of the Universidad Po/itecnica de Valencia, Spain. This volume includes versions of papers selected from those presented at the THIESEL 2002 Conference th held on lOth to 13 September 2002. We hope it will be the second volume of a long series reflecting the quality of the THIESEL Conference. This year, the papers are grouped in six main thematic areas: State of the Art and Prospective, Injection Systems and Spray Formation, Combustion and Emissions, Engine Modelling, Alternative Combustion Concepts and Experimental Techniques. The actual conference covered a wider scope of topics, including Air Management and Fuels for Diesel Engines and a couple of papers included reflect this variety. However, the selection of papers published here represents the most current preoccupations of Diesel engine designers, namely how to improve the combustion process using new injection strategies and alternative concepts such as the Homogeneous Charge Combustion Ignition.

Themethodologyfordesigninghigh-performancecompositestructuresisstill evo- ing. The complexity of the response of composite materials and the dif?culties in predicting the composite material properties from the basic properties of the c- stituents result in the need for a well-planned and exhaustive test program. The recommended practice to mitigate the technological risks associated with advanced composite materials is to substantiate the performance and durability of the design in a sequence of steps known as the Building Block Approach. The Building Block Approach ensures that cost and performance objectives are met by testing greater numbers of smaller, less expensive specimens. In this way, technology risks are assessed early in the program. In addition, the knowledge acquired at a given level of structural complexity is built up before progressing to a level of increased complexity. Achieving substantiation of structural performance by testing alone can be p- hibitively expensive because of the number of specimens and components required to characterize all material systems, loading scenarios and boundary conditions. Building Block Approachprogramscan achieve signi?cant cost reductionsby se- ing a synergy between testing and analysis. The more the development relies on analysis, the less expensive it becomes. The use of advanced computational models for the prediction of the mechanical response of composite structures can replace some of the mechanical tests and can signi?cantly reduce the cost of designing with composites while providing to the engineers the information necessary to achieve an optimized design.

Heat transfer enhancement in single-phase and two-phase flow heat exchangers in important in such industrial applications as power generating plant, process and chemical industry, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and the cooling of electronic equipment. Energy savings are of primary importance in the design of such systems, leading to more efficient, environmentally friendly devices. This book provides invaluable information for such purposes.

This book presents the latest developments in structural dynamics with particular emphasis on the formulation of equations of motion by finite element methods and their solution using microcomputers. The book discusses the use of frequency-dependent shape functions for realistic finite element modelling, as opposed to the approximate conventional shape functions. A useful feature of the book in handling the forced vibration problem is the separation of the solution into two parts; the steady state and transient. Advanced topics such as substructure and synthesis are viewed in a modern unified manner. A complete listing of the finite element programme NATVIB used is given.

On average, 60% of the world's people and cargo is transported by vehicle that move on rubber tires over roadways of various construction, composition, and quality. The number of such vehicles, including automobiles and all manner of trucks, increases continually with a growing positive impact on accessibility and a growing negative impact on interactions among humans and their relationship to the surrounding environment. This multiplicity of vehicles, through their physical impact and their emissions, is responsible for, among other negative results: waste of energy, pollution through emission of harmful compounds, degradation of road surfaces, crowding of roads leading to waste of time and increase of social stress, and decrease in safety and comfort. In particular, the safety of vehicular traffic depends on a man-vehicle-road system that includes both active and passive security controls. In spite of the drawbacks mentioned above, the governments of almost every country in the world not only expect but facilitate improvements in vehicular transport performance in order to increase such parameters as load capacity and driving velocity, while decreasing such parameters as costs to passengers, energy resources investments, fuel consumption, etc. Some of the problems have clear, if not always easily attainable, solutions.

This volume collects contributions to the 14th Symposium of the STAB (German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association). The association involves German scientists and engineers from universities, research establishments and industry who are doing research and project work in numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, mainly for aerospace but for other applications, too. The volume gives a broad overview of ongoing work in Germany in this field.

Engineers and scientists often need to sell an innovative idea for a new product to top management. Those who occupy product planning positions also need to be constantly scanning ideas for improving value. The engineer as product planner must learn to think like its major competitor using customer value as a guide. This book provides essential support for engineers and scientists who are required to make realistic business cases for new product concepts.

Major progress has been made in the field of driveshafts since the authors presented their first edition of this unique reference work. Correspondingly, major revisions have been done for second edition of the German Textbook (Springer 2003), which is present here in the English translation.

The presentation was adjusted, novel improvements of manufacturing and design are described, and modern aspects of production are incorporated. The design and application of Hooke 's joint driveshafts is discussed as well as constant velocity joints for the construction of agricultural engines, road and rail vehicles.

This work can be used as a textbook as well as a reference for practitioners, scientists, and students dealing with drive technology.

These proceedings are the fifth in the series Traffic and Granular Flow, and we hope they will be as useful a reference as their predecessors. Both the realistic modelling of granular media and traffic flow present important challenges at the borderline between physics and engineering, and enormous progress has been made since 1995, when this series started. Still the research on these topics is thriving, so that this book again contains many new results. Some highlights addressed at this conference were the influence of long range electric and magnetic forces and ambient fluids on granular media, new precise traffic measurements, and experiments on the complex decision making of drivers. No doubt the "hot topics" addressed in granular matter research have diverged from those in traffic since the days when the obvious analogies between traffic jams on highways and dissipative clustering in granular flow intrigued both c- munities alike. However, now just this diversity became a stimulating feature of the conference. Many of us feel that our joint interest in complex systems, where many simple agents, be it vehicles or particles, give rise to surprising and fascin- ing phenomena, is ample justification for bringing these communities together: Traffic and Granular Flow has fostered cooperation and friendship across the scientific disciplines.

Flight mechanics is the application of Newton's laws to the study of vehicle trajectories (performance), stability, and aerodynamic control. This volume details the derivation of analytical solutions of airplane flight mechanics problems associated with flight in a vertical plane.

It covers trajectory analysis, stability, and control. In addition, the volume presents algorithms for calculating lift, drag, pitching moment, and stability derivatives. Throughout, a subsonic business jet is used as an example for the calculations presented in the book.

Although the solution of Partial Differential Equations by numerical methods is the standard practice in industries, analytical methods are still important for the critical assessment of results derived from advanced computer simulations and the improvement of the underlying numerical techniques. Literature devoted to analytical methods, however, often focuses on theoretical and mathematical aspects and is therefore useless to most engineers. Analytical Methods for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Problems addresses engineers and engineering students. It describes useful analytical methods by applying them to real-world problems rather than solving the usual over-simplified classroom problems. The book demonstrates the applicability of analytical methods even for complex problems and guides the reader to a more intuitive understanding of approaches and solutions.

Urban Transport Development is a contribution to the ongoing global discussion on the future of urban transport. The main themes are how to cope with the complexity of urban transport development and the process of change including its determining factors. The role of leadership in the development process is the key issue. Main areas of discussion are the historical background, the diversity and complexity of present problems, and the outcome of attempts to promote positive future development in urban environments around the world.

Most innovations in the car industry are based on software and electronics, and IT will soon constitute the major production cost factor. It seems almost certain that embedded IT security will be crucial for the next generation of applications. Yet whereas software safety has become a relatively well-established field, the protection of automotive IT systems against manipulation or intrusion has only recently started to emerge.

Lemke, Paar, and Wolf collect in this volume a state-of-the-art overview on all aspects relevant for IT security in automotive applications. After an introductory chapter written by the editors themselves, the contributions from experienced experts of different disciplines are structured into three parts. "Security in the Automotive Domain" describes applications for which IT security is crucial, like immobilizers, tachographs, and software updates. "Embedded Security Technologies" details security technologies relevant for automotive applications, e.g., symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, and wireless security. "Business Aspects of IT Systems in Cars" shows the need for embedded security in novel applications like location-based navigation systems and personalization.

The first book in this area of fast-growing economic and scientific importance, it is indispensable for both researchers in software or embedded security and professionals in the automotive industry.

Semi-active Suspension Control provides an overview of vehicle ride control employing smart semi-active damping systems. These systems are able to tune the amount of damping in response to measured vehicle-ride and handling indicators.

Two physically different dampers (magnetorheological and controlled-friction) are analysed from the perspectives of mechatronics and control. Ride comfort, road holding, road damage and human-body modelling are studied.

Mathematical modelling is balanced by a large and detailed section on experimental implementation, where a variety of automotive applications are described offering a well-rounded view. The implementation of control algorithms with regard to real-life engineering constraints is emphasised.

The applications described include semi-active suspensions for a saloon car, seat suspensions for vehicles not equipped with a primary suspension, and control of heavy-vehicle dynamic-tyre loads to reduce road damage and improve handling.

The past decade has seen tremendous interest in the production and refinement of unmanned aerial vehicles, both fixed-wing, such as airplanes and rotary-wing, such as helicopters and vertical takeoff and landing vehicles. This book provides a diversified survey of research and development on small and miniature unmanned aerial vehicles of both fixed and rotary wing designs. From historical background to proposed new applications, this is the most comprehensive reference yet.

This book contains 23 papers presented at the ECCOMAS Multidisciplinary Jubilee Symposium - New Computational Challenges in Materials, Structures, and Fluids (EMJS08), in Vienna, February 18-20, 2008. The main intention of EMJS08 was to react adequately to the increasing need for interdisciplinary research activities allowing ef?cient solution of complex problems in engineering and in the applied sciences. The 15th anniversary of ECCOMAS (European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences) provided a suitable frame for taking the afo- mentioned situation into account by inviting distinguished colleagues from d- ferent areas of engineering and the applied sciences, encouraging them to choose multidisciplinary topics for their lectures. The main themes of EMJS08 have a long tradition in engineering and in the applied sciences: materials, structures, and ?uids. The solution of scienti?c pr- lems involving ?uids together with solids and structures, not to forget the materials the structures are made of, is of paramount importance in a technical world of rapidly increasing sophistication, referred to as the Leonardo World by the eminent German philosopher Jurgen Mittelstrass. More recently, the main themes of EMJS08 have gained considerable mom- tum, owing to signi?cant progress in nanotechnology. It enables resolution of a multitude of materials into their micro- and nanostructures. Covering aspects such as * Physical and chemical characterization * Multiscale modeling concepts, continuum micromechanics, and computational homogenization, as well as * Applications in various engineering ?elds the individual contributions to this book ?ow along different tracks of ?uids, materials, and structures.

Combustion in Piston Engines presents the technique of pressure diagnostics to measure the fuel consumption in an engine cylinder and to monitor the operation of micro-electronic systems for its control. It provides a recipe for bridging the gap between the hydrocarbon-fed combustion technology of automotive powerplants of today and electro-magnetic technologies of the future. The author proposes and introduces a model for the design of a MECC (micro-electronically controlled combustion) systems to modulate combustion in engine cylinders. This system yields significant reduction in the formation of pollutants and the consumption of fuel, so that, eventually, emissions using any clean hydrocarbon fuel will be acceptable and gas mileage could be doubled.

Adaptive Structural Systems with Piezoelectric Transducer Circuitry provides a comprehensive discussion on the integration of piezoelectric transducers with electrical circuitry for the development and enhancement of adaptive structural systems.

Covering a wide range of interdisciplinary research, this monograph presents a paradigm of taking full advantage of the two-way electro-mechanical coupling characteristics of piezoelectric transducers for structural control and identification in adaptive structural systems. Presenting descriptions of algorithm development, theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, engineers and researchers alike will find this a valuable reference.

This book is a comprehensive state-of-the-knowledge summation of shock wave reflection phenomena from a phenomenological point of view. It includes a thorough introduction to oblique shock wave reflections, dealing with both regular and Mach types. It also covers in detail the corresponding two- and three-shock theories. The book moves on to describe reflection phenomena in a variety of flow types, as well as providing the resolution of the Neumann paradox.

Plates and panels are primary components in many structures including space vehicles, aircraft, automobiles, buildings, bridge decks, ships and submarines. The ability to design, analyse, optimise and select the proper materials for these structures is a necessity for structural designers, analysts and researchers.

This text consists of four parts. The first deals with plates of isotropic (metallic and polymeric) materials. The second involves composite material plates, including anisotropy and laminate considerations. The third section treats sandwich constructions of various types, and the final section gives an introduction to plates involving piezoelectric materials, in which the "smart" or "intelligent" materials are used as actuators or sensors.

In each section, the formulations encompass plate structures subjected to static loads, dynamic loads, buckling, thermal/moisture environments, and minimum weight structural optimisation.

This is a textbook for a graduate course, an undergraduate senior course and a reference. Many homework problems are given in various chapters.

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are at the forefront of advanced materials technology because of their light weight, high strength and toughness, high temperature capabilities, and graceful failure under loading. During the last 25 years, tremendous progress has been made in the development and advancement of CMCs under various research programs funded by the U.S. Government agencies: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Department of Defense (DoD), and Department of Energy (DOE).

Ceramic composites are considered as enabling technology for advanced aeropropulsion, space propulsion, space power, aerospace vehicles, and space structures. CMCs would also find applications in advanced aerojet engines, stationary gas turbines for electrical power generation, heat exchangers, hot gas filters, radiant burners, heat treatment and materials growth furnaces, nuclear fusion reactors, automobiles, biological implants, etc. Other applications of CMCs are as machinery wear parts, cutting and forming tools, valve seals, high precision ball bearings for corrosive environments, and plungers for chemical pumps. Potential applications of various ceramic composites are described in individual chapters of the present handbook.

Handbook of Ceramic Composites is different from the other books available on this topic. Here, a ceramic composite system or a class of composites has been covered in a separate chapter, presenting a detailed description of processing, properties, and applications. Each chapter is written by internationally renowned researchers in the field. The handbook is organized into five sections: Ceramic Fibers, Non-oxide/Non-oxide Composites, Non-oxide/Oxide Composites, Oxide/Oxide Composites, and Glass and Glass-Ceramic Composites.

This handbook should be a valuable source of information for scientists, engineers, and technicians working in the field of CMCs, and also for designers to design parts and components for advanced engines, and various other industrial applications.

The aeronautics industry is presently aiming for faster design cycles and shorter time to market of new aircraft. It is looking at the same time for improved aerodynamic performance, for evident competitive reasons. Advanced, computer based design systems, including fast and reliable numerical flow solvers, have been developed in the last decade including new turbulence models. On the experimental side, measurement techniques in general have also been improved significantly, however the data evaluation process remains still very time consuming, and unsteady effects and turbulence are often not being captured with sufficient accuracy and detail. The development of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has helped to improve the analysis of the flow fields. After investigations in laboratory scale wind tunnels, a joint initiative on PIV research, by the European Aerospace Research Establishments, within GARTEUR have enabled a wide breakthrough of this new technology in Europe. Within the Research Framework Program of the European Union, the joint research project EUROPIV aimed to apply PIV technology to problems of industrial interest.

This book covers the fundamentals of continuum mechanics, the integral formulation methods of continuum problems, the basic concepts of finite element methods, and the methodologies, formulations, procedures, and applications of various meshless methods. It also provides general and detailed procedures of meshless analysis on elastostatics, elastodynamics, non-local continuum mechanics and plasticity with a large number of numerical examples. Some basic and important mathematical methods are included in the Appendixes. For readers who want to gain knowledge through hands-on experience, the meshless programs for elastostatics and elastodynamics are provided on an included disc.