In Human Missions to Mars Donald Rapp looks at human missions to
Mars from an engineering perspective. He begins by describing the
pros and cons of robotic exploration versus human exploration and
then examines the ideas for sending humans to Mars from the point
of view of both the enthusiast and the skeptic. Chapter 2 describes
how space missions are planned and how they may be achieved as a
sequence of separate steps. Chapter 3 deals with the complex issues
relating to the outward journey to Mars and the return leg. The
author deals with propulsion systems and with the analysis of the
various trajectories which may be utilized for such a mission. He
divides mission into a number of stages: Earth s surface to
low-Earth orbit (LEO); departing from LEO; Mars orbit insertion and
landing; ascent from Mars; trans-Earth injection from Mars orbit
and Earth orbit insertion and landing. Chapter 4 discusses a wide
range of elements critical to a human Mars mission, including life
support consumables, radiation effects and shielding, microgravity
effects, abort options and mission safety, possible habitats on the
Martian surface and aero assisted orbit insertion and entry decent
and landing.
For any human mission to the Red Planet the possible utilization
of any resources indigenous to Mars would be of great value and
such possibilities are discussed in Chapter 5. The use of
indigenous resources on the Moon is described as a precursor to the
availability of similar resources on Mars and issues such as
fuelling Mars-bound craft from lunar resources, the use of lunar
ferries, staging, assembly and refueling in near-Earth space are
all discussed. The important applications arising from the
transportation of hydrogen to Mars are also described. Chapter 6
deals with a range of previous Mars mission studies and the
technologies they employed. Chapter 7 looks as how NASA is planning
for its return to the Moon, and the use of the Moon as a stepping
stone to Mars. Chapter 8 presents the author s detailed analysis of
why, in his opinion, the current NASA approach will fail to send
humans to Mars before 2080. The book concludes with three
appendices describing the use of solar energy on the Moon and on
Mars and the value of indigenous water on Mars."
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