This handbook offers a comprehensive overview of Camera Monitor Systems (CMS), ranging from the ISO 16505-based development aspects to practical realization concepts. It offers readers a wide-ranging discussion of the science and technology of CMS as well as the human-interface factors of such systems. In addition, it serves as a single reference source with contributions from leading international CMS professionals and academic researchers.In combination with the latest version of UN Regulation No. 46, the normative framework of ISO 16505 permits CMS to replace mandatory rearview mirrors in series production vehicles. The handbook includes scientific and technical background information to further readers' understanding of both of these regulatory and normative texts.It is a key reference in the field of automotive CMS for system designers, members of standardization and regulation committees, engineers, students and researchers.

In 1976 a similar titled IUTAM Symposium (Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction) was held in Washington . However, the progress made during the last thirteen years as weil as the much promising current research desired a second one this year. In Washington drag reduction by additives and by direct manipulation of the walls (compliant walls and heated surfaces) were discussed. In the meantime it became evident that drag reduction also occurs when turbulence is influenced by geometrical means, e.g. by influencing the pressure distribution by the shape of the body (airfoils) or by the introduction of streamwise perturbances on a body (riblets). In the recent years turbulence research has seen increasing attention being focused on the investigation of coherent structures, mainly in Newtonian fluids. We all know that these structures are a significant feature of turbulent flows, playing an important role in the energy balance in such flows. However their place in turbulence theories as weil as the factors influencing their development are still poorly understood. Consequently, the investigation of phenomena in which the properties of coherent structures are alte red provides a promising means of improving our understanding of turbulent flows in general.

Dry Clutch Control for Automated Manual Transmission Vehiclesanalyses the control of a part of the powertrain which has a key role in ride comfort during standing-start and gear-shifting manoeuvres. The mechanical conception of the various elements in the driveline has long since been optimised so this book takes a more holistic system-oriented view of the problem featuring: a comprehensive description of the driveline elements and their operation paying particular attention to the clutch, a nonlinear model of the driveline for simulation and a simplified model for control design, with a standing-start driver automaton for closed loop simulation, a detailed analysis of the engagement operation and the related comfort criteria, different control schemes aiming at meeting these criteria, friction coefficient and unknown input clutch torque observers, practical implementation issues and solutions based on experience of implementing optimal engagement strategies on two Renault prototypes.

This volume contains the paper presented at the 13th DGLRlST AB- Symposium held at the Technische Universitat Miinchen, November 12 to 14, 2002. STAB is the German Aerospace Aerodynamics Association, founded towards the end of the 70's, whereas DGLR is the German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics (Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal Oberth e.V.). The mission of STAB is to foster development and acceptance of the dis- cipline "Aerodynamics" in Germany. One of its general guidelines is to concentrate resources and know-how in the involved institutions and to avoid duplication in research work as much as possible. Nowadays, this is more necessary than ever. The experience made in the past makes it easier now, to obtain new knowledge for solving today's and tomorrow's prob- lems. STAB unites German scientists and engineers from universities, research- establishments and industry doing research and project work in numerical and experimental fluid mechanics and aerodynamics for aerospace and other applications. This has always been the basis of numerous common research activities sponsored by different funding agencies.

The research work of the collaborative research center SFB401 Flow Modulation and Fluid-Structure Interaction at Airplane Wings at the Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, which is reported in this book, was pos sible due to the financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The proposal has been approved after evaluation by the referees of DFG selected from other universities and industry, which is gratefully acknowledged. The work is still in progress and now approved to continue until the end of year 2005. More than 50 scientists from universities of the United States, Russia, France, Italy, Japan, Great Britain, Sweden, Netherlands, Switzerland, Austria and research orga nizations NASA, ONERA, NLR, DLR could be invited and have visited the research center, gave seminars on their research on related topics and some of them stayed longer for joined work. Besides its scientific value, also the importance of the pro gram for scientific educa tion becomes evident by looking at the numbers of completed theses, which are up to now about 15 doctoral theses, 40 diploma theses and 70 study theses. The authors of this book acknowledge the valuable support coming from all these persons and institutions. They are especially grateful to the referees having reviewed this work, A. Cohen (Universite Pierre et Marie Curie), J. Cooper (Manchester School of Engineering), W. Devenport (Virginia Tech.), M. Drela (MIT), F. Gern (Avionics Specialties Inc.), A. Griewank (TU Dresden), H. Honlinger (DLR), P."

This volume contains eighteen contributions of work, conducted since 2000 in the French - German Research Programme "Numerical Flow Simulation," which was initiated in 1996 by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). The main purpose of this third publication on the research programme is again to give an overview over recent progress, and to make the obtained results available to the public. The reports are grouped, like those in the first and the second publi cation (NNFM 66, 1998, and NNFM 75, 2001), under the four headings "Devel opment of Solution Techniques," "Crystal Growth and Melts," "Flows of React ing Gases, Sound Generation" and "Turbulent Flows." All contributions to this publication were reviewed by a board consisting of T. Alziary de Roquefort (Poi tiers, France), H. W. Buggisch (Karlsruhe, Germany), S. Candel (Paris, France), U. Ehrenstein (Nice, France), Th. Gallouet (Marseille, France), W. Kordulla (Gottingen, Germany), A. Lerat (Paris, France), 1. Piquet (Nantes, France), R. Rannacher (Heidelberg, Germany), G. Warnecke (Magdeburg, Germany), and the editor. The responsibility for the contents of the reports nevertheless lies with the contributors."

The aim of the present book is the formulation, mathematical study and numerical treatment of static and dynamic problems in mechanics and engineering sciences involving nonconvex and nonsmooth energy functions, or nonmonotone and multivalued stress-strain laws. Such problems lead to a new type of variational forms, the hemivariational inequalities, which also lead to multivalued differential or integral equations. Innovative numerical methods are presented for the treament of realistic engineering problems. This book is the first to deal with variational theory of engineering problems involving nonmonotone multivalue realations, their mechanical foundation, their mathematical study (existence and certain approximation results) and the corresponding eigenvalue and optimal control problems. All the numerical applications give innovative answers to as yet unsolved or partially solved engineering problems, e.g. the adhesive contact in cracks, the delamination problem, the sawtooth stress-strain laws in composites, the shear connectors in composite beams, the semirigid connections in steel structures, the adhesive grasping in robotics, etc. The book closes with the consideration of hemivariational inequalities for fractal type geometries and with the neural network approach to the numerical treatment of hemivariational inequalities.

Why this book? Simply because it is due. Cognitive automation and its system-ergonomic introduction into work systems have been advanced in the meantime to such a degree that already applications for operational work systems are slowly becoming reality. This book shall contribute to give system designers some more guidelines about designing work systems and associated cognitive machines effectively, in particular those related to guidance and control of manned and unmanned vehicles. The issue is that the findings on cognition have to become sufficient commonsense for all from the various disciplines involved in system design, and that guidelines are given how to make use of it in an appropriate and systematic manner. These guidelines are to account for both the needs of the human operator in the work process and the use of computational potentials to make the work system a really most effective one. In other words, this book is meant to provide guidelines for the organisational and technical design of work systems. Therefore, this book is an interdisciplinary one. Findings in individual disciplines are not the main issue. It is rather the combination of these findings for the sake of the performance of work systems which makes this book a useful one for designers who are interested in this modern approach and its implementation.

In the process industries, stiction is the most common performance-limiting valve problem and over the last decade numerous different techniques for overcoming it have been proposed. This book represents a comprehensive presentation of these methods, including their principles, assumptions, strengths and drawbacks. Guidelines and working procedures are provided for the implementation of each method and MATLAB (R)-based software can be downloaded from www.ualberta.ca/~bhuang/stiction-book enabling readers to apply the methods to their own data. Methods for the limitation of stiction effects are proposed within the general context of: oscillation detection in control loops, stiction detection, diagnosis and stiction quantification and diagnosis of multiple faults. The state-of-the-art algorithms presented in this book are demonstrated and compared in industrial case studies of diverse origin - chemicals, building, mining, pulp and paper, mineral and metal processing.

The editors have published a select group of full length papers on boundary element analysis (BEA) photographed from camera ready manuscripts. The articles have been prepared by some of the most distinguished and prolific individuals in this field. More than half of these articles have been submitted by authors that participated in an International Forum on Boundary Element Methods, in Melbourne Australia, in the Summer of 1991. However, this volume is not a conference proceedings, as these authors have expanded their accounts to chapter length, and/or have tailored their expositions more toward the style employed in archival journal publications. The authors that did not participate in the International Forum have also adhered to the above mentioned philosophy. This work contains a definitive representation of the significant capabilities and applications currently available or under investigation that fall under the general category of advanced boundary element analysis. With treatments of mechanical, thermal, fluid, and electromagnetic phenomena, this book should thus be of value to graduate students, practitioners, and researchers in engineering, mathematics, and the physical sciences wishing to obtain a broader perspective or remain current in these important areas of computational simulation.

Very light, very strong. extremely reliable -aircraft and aerospace engineers are. and have to be. very demanding partners in the materials community. The results of their research and development work is not only crucial for one special area of applications. but can also lead the way to new solutions in many other areas of advanced technology. Springer-Verlag and the undersigned editor are pleased to present in this volume. an overview of the many facets of materials science and technology which have been the objective of intensive and systematic research work during past decades in the laboratories of the German Aerospace Research Establishment. Its contents shows clearly the interrelations between goals defined by the user. fundamentals provided by the scientists and viable solutions developed by the practical engineer. The particular personal touch which has been given to this volume by its authors in dedicating it as a farewell present to Professor Wolfgang Bunk. inspiring sci entist and director of the DLR Intitute of Materials Research for more than 20 years. has obviously given an added value to this important publication. Surely. this truly cooperative endeavour will render a valuable service to a large interna tional community of interested readers. many of them having personal links to the Institute. its director and its staff."

This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Communication Technologies for Vehicles/Trains, Nets4Cars 2012 and Nets4Trains 2012, held in Vilnius, Lithuania, in April 2012. The 4 full papers of the rail track and 11 full papers of the road track presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. They provide an overview over latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications (protocols and standards), mobility and traffic models (models, methodologies, and techniques), testing, and applications.

Thin shells are very popular structures in many different branches of engineering. There are the domes, water and cooling towers, the contain ments in civil engineering, the pressure vessels and pipes in mechanical and nuclear engineering, storage tanks and platform components in marine and offshore engineering, the car bodies in the automobile industry, planes, rockets and space structures in aeronautical engineering, to mention only a few examples of the broad spectrum of application. In addition there is the large applied mechanics group involved in all the computational and experimental work in this area. Thin shells are in a way optimal structures. They play the role of.the "primadonnas" among all kinds of structures. Their performance can be extraordinary, but they can also be very sensitive. The susceptibility to buckling is a typical example. David Bushnell says in his recent review paper entitled "Buckling of Shells - Pitfall for DeSigners" "To the layman buckling is a mysterious, perhaps even awe inspiring phenomenon that transforms objects originally imbued with symmetrical beauty into junk.""

This book contains some new developments in the area of Structural Dynamics. In general it reflects the recent efforts of several Austrian research groups during the years 1985 - 1990. The contents of this book cover both theoretical developments as well as practical applications and hence can be utilized by researchers as well as the practicing engineers. Quite naturally, realistic modeling of a number of load types such as wind and earthquake loading, etc. , requires taking into account statistical uncertainties. Hence these loads have to be characterized by stochastic processes. As a consequence, stochastic aspects must play a major role in modem structural dynamics. Since an extended modeling of the load processes should not be counterbalanced by simplifying the structural models, considerable efforts have been put into the development of procedures which allow the utilization of e. g. FE models and codes which are utilized presently in context with simplified, i. e. "deterministic" load models. Thus the processing of the additional information on loads as well as including statistical properties of the material allows to provide additional answers, i. e. quantification of the risk of structural failure. This volume concentrates on four major areas, i. e. on load modeling, structural response analysis, computational reliability procedures, and finally on practical application. Quite naturally only special fields and particular, i. e. selected types of problems can be covered. Specific reference is made, however, to cases where generalizations are possible.

This book describes a coherent approach to the explanation of the movement of individual vehicles or groups of vehicles. To avoid possible misunderstandings, some preliminary remarks are called for. 1. This is intended to be a textbook. It brings together methods and approaches that are widely distributed throughout the literature and that are therefore difficult to assess. Text citations of sources have been avoided; literature references are listed together at the end of the book. 2. The book is intended primarily for students of engineering. It describes the theoretical background necessary for an understanding of the methods by which links in a road network are designed and dimensioned or by which traffic is controlled; the methods themselves are not dealt with. It may also assist those actually working in such sectors to interpret the results of traffic flow measure ments more accurately than has hitherto been the case. 3. The book deals with traffic flow on links between nodes, and not at nodes themselves. Many readers will probably regret this, since nodes are usually the bottlenecks which limit the capacity of the road network. A book dedicated to the node would be the obvious follow-up. A separation of link and node is justified, however, partly because the quantity of material has to be kept within reasonable bounds and partly because the treatment of traffic flow at nodes requires additional mathematical techniques (in particular, those relating to queueing theory)."

The interest in the field of active flow control (AFC) is steadily increasing. In - cent years the number of conferences and special sessions devoted to AFC org- ized by various institutions around the world continuously rises. New advanced courses for AFC are offered by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Ast- nautics (AIAA), the European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion (ERCOFTAC), the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences (CISM), the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), to name just a few. New books on AFC are published by prominent colleagues of our field and even a new periodical, the 'International Journal of Flow Control', appeared. Despite these many activities in AFC it was felt that a follow-up of the highly successful 'ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL' Conference held in Berlin in 2006 was appropriate. As in 2006, 'ACTIVE FLOW CONTROL II' consisted only of invited lectures. To sti- late multidisciplinary discussions between experimental, theoretical and numerical fluid dynamics, aerodynamics, turbomachinary, mathematics, control engineering, metrology and computer science parallel sessions were excluded. Unfortunately, not all of the presented papers made it into this volume. As the preparation and printing of a book takes time and as this volume should be available at the conf- ence, the Local Organizing Committee had to set up a very ambitious time sch- ule which could not be met by all contributors.

The peaceful use of space flight systems for research and technological devel opments in the context of promoting European and international cooperation represents the essential motivation for the programmes of the European Space Agency (ESA). One of ESA's programmes is dedicated to microgravity research, which is now an established discipline in Europe, with a dedicated group of scientists participating. The Challenger disaster has resulted in a serious dis continuity of flight opportunities in the next few years but the forthcoming International Space Station, new launchers and reentry vehicles are expected to provide ample opportunities for microgravity research in the long term. Meanwhile parabolic aircraft flights, sounding rockets as well as the delayed Shuttle-dependent missions, Spacelab D-2, the IML-missions and EURECA I, will be employed to keep microgravity experimenters reasonably busy in the interim period. To prepare the ground for these activities, both regarding research and experiment facilities, an in-depth analysis of the state of the art is an essential requirement at this time. Such an analysis is presented in this volume. It ad dresses all of the topics that have been identified to be of relevance. Besides a presentation of the fundamental aspects justifying microgravity research, the results of experiments already performed are reviewed and recommendations for future activities are made. Close to fifty European scientists have cooper ated in the preparation of this volume and their dedicated and concerted effort is greatly appreciated."

Multibody systems are the appropriate models for predicting and evaluating performance of a variety of dynamical systems such as spacecraft, vehicles, mechanisms, robots or biomechanical systems. This book adresses the general problem of analysing the behaviour of such multibody systems by digital simulation. This implies that pre-computer analytical methods for deriving the system equations must be replaced by systematic computer oriented formalisms, which can be translated conveniently into efficient computer codes for - "generatin"g the system equations based on simple user data describing the system model - "solving" those complex equations yielding results ready for design evaluation. Emphasis is on computer based derivation of the system equations thus freeing the user from the time consuming and error-prone task of developing equations of motion for various problems again and again.

The combination of increasing airport congestion and the ad vent of large transports has caused increased interest in aircraft wake turbulence. A quantitative understanding of the interaction between an aircraft and the vortex wake of a preceding aircraft is necessary for planning future high density air traffic patterns and control systems. The nature of the interaction depends on both the characteristics of the following aircraft and the characteristics of the wake. Some of the questions to be answered are: What deter mines the full characteristics of the vortex wake? What properties of the following aircraft are important? What is the role of pilot response? How are the wake characteristics related to the genera ting aircraft parameters? How does the wake disintegrate and where? Many of these questions were addressed at this first Aircraft Wake Turbulence Symposium sponsored by the Air Force Office of Sci entific Research and The Boeing Company. Workers engaged in aero dynamic research, airport operations, and instrument development came from several count ries to present their results and exchange information. The new results from the meeting provide a current picture of the state of the knowledge on vortex wakes and their interactions with other aircraft. Phenomena previously regarded as mere curiosities have emerged as important tools for understanding or controlling vortex wakes. The new types of instability occurring within the wake may one day be used for promoting early dis integration of the hazardous twin vortex structure.

"Applications of Neural Networks in High Assurance Systems" is the first book directly addressing a key part of neural network technology: methods used to pass the tough verification and validation (V&V) standards required in many safety-critical applications. The book presents what kinds of evaluation methods have been developed across many sectors, and how to pass the tests. A new adaptive structure of V&V is developed in this book, different from the simple six sigma methods usually used for large-scale systems and different from the theorem-based approach used for simplified component subsystems.

Phenomenology of Diesel Combustion and Modeling Diesel is the most efficient combustion engine today and it plays an important role in transport of goods and passengers on land and on high seas. The emissions must be controlled as stipulated by the society without sacrificing the legendary fuel economy of the diesel engines. These important drivers caused innovations in diesel engineering like re-entrant combustion chambers in the piston, lower swirl support and high pressure injection, in turn reducing the ignition delay and hence the nitric oxides. The limits on emissions are being continually reduced. The- fore, the required accuracy of the models to predict the emissions and efficiency of the engines is high. The phenomenological combustion models based on physical and chemical description of the processes in the engine are practical to describe diesel engine combustion and to carry out parametric studies. This is because the injection process, which can be relatively well predicted, has the dominant effect on mixture formation and subsequent course of combustion. The need for improving these models by incorporating new developments in engine designs is explained in Chapter 2. With "model based control programs" used in the Electronic Control Units of the engines, phenomenological models are assuming more importance now because the detailed CFD based models are too slow to be handled by the Electronic Control Units. Experimental work is necessary to develop the basic understanding of the pr- esses.

Lamb waves are guided waves that propagate in thin plate or shell structures. There has been a clear increase of interest in using Lamb waves for identifying structural damage, entailing intensive research and development in this field over the past two decades. Now on the verge of maturity for diverse engineering applications, this emerging technique serves as an encouraging candidate for facilitating continuous and automated surveillance of the integrity of engineering structures in a cost-effective manner. In comparison with conventional nondestructive evaluation techniques such as ultrasonic scanning and radiography which have been well developed over half a century, damage identification using Lamb waves is in a stage of burgeoning development, presenting a number of technical challenges in application that need to be addressed and circumvented. It is these two aspects that have encouraged us to write this book, with the intention of consolidating the knowledge and know-how in the field of Lamb-wave-based damage identification, and of promoting widespread attention to mature application of this technique in the practical engineering sphere. This book provides a comprehensive description of key facets of damage identification technique using Lamb waves, based on the authors' knowledge, comprehension and experience, ranging from fundamental theory through case studies to engineering applications.

The book presents the analysis and design of integrated automotive radar receivers in Silicon-Germanium technology, for use in complex multi-channel radar transceiver front-ends in the 77GHz frequency band. The main emphasis of the work is the realization of high-linearity and low-power modular receiver channels as well as the investigation of millimeter-wave integrated test concepts for the receiver front-end.