The idea for this book was conceived by the authors some time in 1988, and a first outline of the manuscript was drawn up during a summer school on mathematical physics held in Ravello in September 1988, where all three of us were present as lecturers or organizers. The project was in some sense inherited from our friend Marvin Shinbrot, who had planned a book about recent progress for the Boltzmann equation, but, due to his untimely death in 1987, never got to do it. When we drew up the first outline, we could not anticipate how long the actual writing would stretch out. Our ambitions were high: We wanted to cover the modern mathematical theory of the Boltzmann equation, with rigorous proofs, in a complete and readable volume. As the years progressed, we withdrew to some degree from this first ambition- there was just too much material, too scattered, sometimes incomplete, sometimes not rigor ous enough. However, in the writing process itself, the need for the book became ever more apparent. The last twenty years have seen an amazing number of significant results in the field, many of them published in incom plete form, sometimes in obscure places, and sometimes without technical details. We made it our objective to collect these results, classify them, and present them as best we could. The choice of topics remains, of course, subjective.

Over the last decade, flow visualization has advanced in step with the progress in laser and computer technologies. The scope of the International Symposium on Flow Visualiza- tion will be broader than ever, covering the range of infor- mation generally thought of as nonvisual and reflecting the inclusion of computer - aided methodologies. The Sixth In- ternational Symposium on Flow Visualization aims to attract the participation of experts and users of flow viualizing techniques on furthering an advanced philosophy for the de- velopment of the methods and their applications.

Microsystems are an important success factor in the automobile industry. In order to fulfil the customers requests for safety convenience and vehicle economy, and to satisfy environmental requirements, microsystems are becoming indispensable. Thus a large number of microsystem applications came into the discussion. With the international conference AMAA '99, VDI/VDE-IT provides a platform for the discussion of all MST relevant components for automotive applications. The conference proceedings gather the papers by authors from automobile suppliers and manufacturers.

This volume contains the papers presented. at the Third IFIP International Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications, sponsored by IFIP Working Group 10.4 and held in Mondello (Sicily), Italy on September 14-16, 1992. System developers increasingly apply computers where they can affect the safety and security of people and equipment. The Third IFIP International Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications, like its predecessors, addressed various aspects of computer system dependability, a broad term defined as the degree of trust that may justifiably be placed in a system's reliability, availability, safety, security, and performance. Because the scope of the conference was so broad, we hope the presentations and discussions will contribute to the integration of these concepts so that future computer-based systems will indeed be more dependable. The Program Committee selected 18 papers for presentation from a total of 7 4 submissions at a May meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. The resulting program represented a broad spectrum of interests, with papers from universities, corporations, and government agencies in eight countries. Much diligent work by the Program Committee and the quality of reviews from more than a hundred external referees from around the world, for which we are most grateful, significantly eased the production of this technical program.

first industrial application of MPC was in 1973. A key motivation was to provide better performance than could be obtained with the widely-used PID controller whilst making it easy to replace the PID controller unit or module with his new algorithm. It was the advent of digital control technology and the use of software control algorithms that made this replacement easier and more acceptable to process engineers. A decade of industrial practice with PFC was reported in the archival literature by Jacques Richalet et al. in 1978 in an important seminal Automatica paper. Around this time, Cutler and Ramaker published the dynamic matrix control algorithm that also used knowledge of future reference signals to determine a sequence of control signal adjustment. Thus, the theoretical and practical development of predictive control methods was underway and subsequent developments included those of generalized predictive control, and the whole armoury of MPC methods. Jacques Richalet's approach to PFC was to seek an algorithm that was: * easy to understand; * easy to install; * easy to tune and optimise. He sought a new modular control algorithm that could be readily used by the control-technician engineer or the control-instrument engineer. It goes without saying that this objective also forms a good market strategy.

This book will consist of a coherent collection of recent results on near wall turbulence including theory, new experiments, DNS, and modeling with RANS, LES and Low Order Dynamical Systems.

The increasing trend towards electric cars leads to several challenges for the automobile industry, research institutes and politics as well as for the society. Research and serial development move closer together to meet automotive standards with new components like traction batteries integrated into hybrid and electrical drivetrains. Furthermore, the influence of e-mobility on the daily mobility behavior, the effects on the automotive supply chain and the impact on industrial production have to be taken into account. According to these complex aspects it is crucial to not only acquire specific knowledge in the particular fields but also to consider their functional interaction. Therefore, it seems essential to merge competence from science, economy and politics. This year, the annual "Conference on Future Automotive Technology" as the follow-up of the "2. Automobiltechnisches Kolloquium Munchen" focuses on the economical realization of widespread automotive electromobility.

Geostationary or equatorial synchronous satellites are a daily reminder of our space efforts during the past two decades. The nightly television satellite weather picture, the intercontinental telecommunications of television transmissions and telephone conversations, and the establishrnent of educational programs in remote regions on Earth are constant reminders of the presence of these satellites. As used here, the term 'geo stationary' must be taken loosely because, in the long run, the satellites will not remain 'stationary' with respect to an Earth-fixed reference frame. This results from the fact that these satellites, as is true for all satellites, are incessantly subject to perturbations other than the central-body attraction of the Earth. Among the more predominant pertur bations are: the ellipticity of the Earth's equator, the Sun and Moon, and solar radiation pressure. Higher harmonics of the Earth's potential and tidal effects also influence satellite motion, but they are of second order when compared to the predominant perturbations. This volume deals with the theory of geostationary satellites. It consists of seven chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general discussion including a brief history of geostationary satellites and their practical applications. Chapter 2 describes the Earth's gravitational potential field and the methodology of solving the geostationary satellite problem. Chapter 3 treats the effect of Earth's equatorial ellipticity (triaxiality) on a geostationary satellite. Chapter 4 deals with the effects of the Sun and Moon on the satellite's motion while Chapter 5 presents the combined influences of the Sun, Moon and solar radiation pressure. Chapter 6 describes various station-keeping techniques which may be used to make geostationary satellites practically stationary. Finally, Chapter 7 describes the verification of the theory developed in Chapters 3, 4 and 5 by utilizing the Early Bird synchronous satellite observed data as well as its numerically integrated results.

The author developed this text over many years, teaching graduate courses in advanced dynamics and flexible multibody dynamics at the Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering of the Georgia Institute of Technology.

The book presents a unified treatment of rigid body dynamics, analytical dynamics, constrained dynamics, and flexible multibody dynamics. A comprehensive review of numerical tools used to enforce both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints is presented. Advanced topics such as Maggi s, index-1, null space, and Udwadia and Kalaba s formulations are presented because of their fundamental importance in multibody dynamics. Methodologies for the parameterization of rotation and motion are discussed and contrasted. Geometrically exact beams and shells formulations, which have become the standard in flexible multibody dynamics, are presented and numerical aspects of their finite element implementation detailed. Methodologies for the direct solution of the index-3 differential-algebraic equations characteristic of constrained multibody systems are presented. It is shown that with the help of proper scaling procedures, such equations are not more difficult to integrate than ordinary differential equations.

This book is illustrated with numerous examples and should prove valuable to both students and researchers in the fields of rigid and flexible multibody dynamics."

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For the second time, the Eurotherm Committee has chosen Thermal Managment of Electronic Systems as the subject for its 45th Seminar, held at IMEC in Leuven, Belgium, from 20 to 22 September 1995. After the successfui first edition of this seminar in Delft, June 14-16, 1993, it was decided to repeat this event on a two year basis. This volume constitutes the edited proceedings of the Seminar. Thermal management of electronic systems is gaining importance. Whereas a few years ago papers on this subject where mainly devoted to applications in high end markets, such as mainframes and telecommunication switching equipment, we see a growing importance in the "lower" end applications. This may be understood from the growing impact of electronics on every day life, from car electronics, GSM phones, personal computers to electronic games. These applications add new requirements to the thermal design. The thermal problem and the applicable cooling strategies are quite different from those in high end products. In this seminar the latest developments in many of the different aspects of the thermal design of electronic systems were discussed. Particular attention was given to thermal modelling, experimental characterisation and the impact of thermal design on the reliability of electronic systems.

Ake Nygren Karolinska Institute, Sweden would like to welcome you on behalf of Karolinska Institute, I one of the organizers and initiators of this series of confer- ences on traffic safety. The conference we are opening today is the fourth in the series. Karolinska Institute is the largest medical university in Sweden. It is dedicated to improving health through research, educa- tion and dissemination of information and ideas. The series on traffic safety is one of the ways in which we are disseminating information and ideas on an international front. Karolinska Institute is 190 years old. The Medico Chirurgiska Institute was originally established in 1811 by royal decree after wars and cholera epidemics. In 1822, it became known by the name "Carolinska" . Amongst many other international endeavors, Karolinska Institute is perhaps best known for the nomination and appointments of Nobel Prize winners in medicine and physiology. Under the terms of Alfred Nobel's will, the prize winners are nominated and chosen by the Nobel Assembly of Karolinska Institute. During the hundred years that the prize has been in existence, several researchers from Karolinska Institute have become laureates. These are Hugo Theorell in 1955; Ragnar Granit in 1967; Ulf von Euler in 1970; and Sune Bergstrom and Bengt Samuelsson in 1982. In 1987, the medicine prize was awarded to Tonegawa from v Japan and in 1994 the literature prize was awarded to Oe Kenzaburo.

OO It is a matter of general consensus that in the last decade the H _ optimization for robust control has dominated the research effort in control systems theory. Much attention has been paid equally to the mathematical instrumentation and the computational aspects. There are several excellent monographs that cover the standard topics in the area. Among the recent issues we have to cite here Linear Robust Control authored by Green and Limebeer (Prentice Hall 1995), Robust Controller Design Using Normalized Coprime Factor Plant Descriptions - by McFarlane and Glover (Springer Verlag 1989), Robust and Optimal Control - by Zhou, Doyle and Glover (Prentice Hall 1996). Thus, when the authors of the present monograph decided to start the work they were confronted with a very rich literature on the subject. However two reasons motivated their initiative. The first concerns the theory in which the whole development of the book was embedded. As is well known, there are several ways of approach oo ing H and robust control theory. Here we mention three relevant direc tions chronologically ordered: a) the first makes use of a generalization of the Beurling-Lax theorem to Krein spaces; b) the second makes use of a generalization of Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation theory and commutant lifting theorem; c) the third, and probably the most attractive from an el evate engineering viewpoint, is the two Riccati equations based approach which offers a complete solution in state space form."

Aerospace presents an extremely challenging environment for structural materials and the development of new, or improved, materials: processes for material and for component production are the subject of continuous research activity. It is in the nature of high performance materials that the steps of material and of component production should not be considered in isolation from one another. Indeed, in some cases, the very process of material production may also incorporate part or all of the component production itself and, at the very least, will influence the choice of material/component production method to be employed. How ever, the developments currently taking place are to be discovered largely within the confines of specialist conferences or books each dedicated to perhaps a single element of the overall process. In this book contributors, experts drawn from both academia and the aerospace industry, have joined together to combine their individual knowledge to examine high performance aerospace materials in terms of their production, structure, properties and applications. The central interrelationships between the development of structure through the production route and between structure and the properties exhibited in the final component are considered. It is hoped that the book will be of interest to students of aeronautical engineering and of materials science, together with those working within the aerospace industry. Harvey M. Flower Imperial College 1 Design requirements for aerospace structural materials C. J. Peel and P. J. Gregson 1."

This book comprises the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences, MAS and ASNT 2012, held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012.
The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of modeling and simulation, and automotive science and technology.

The thrust of modern research on turbulence in fluids is concerned with coherent structures and modelling. Riblets have been shown to reduce drag, and the papers presented in this volume tackle the main question of the mechanism responsible for this behaviour in turbulent flow. The contributions in this volume were presented at the Sixth Drag Reduction Meeting held at Eindhoven during November 1991. This volume will be a useful reference work for engineers, physicists and applied mathematicians interested in the topic of fluid turbulence.

fifteen countries in Scandinavia, Europe, Asia, Australia, and U.S.A. All of them came to Stockholm primarily because they recognize the growing im portance of networks as complex systems, and their home institutions do not offer any systematic lectures on this topic. The Networks Course was originally initiated jointly by the Summer University of Southern Stockholm Foundation and the County Council of Stockholm, the Swedish Aviation Administration, the Swedish National Road Administration, the Swedish Post, the Swedish State Railways, and Telia AB. They have all served as joint sponsors and hosts for the Course. In the year 1993 the Course also was sponsored by the Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board. All these organizations have supported the publication of a series of key lectures from the Course, to be released as a single volume entitled Networks in Action. It is the ambition of the Foundation to create continuity in its activities for the future. The board has proposed to its principals to take a decision in this direction. It is my expectation that this will be the case for the Networks Course from 1995. This book will then serve as a basic reference for use in an era when the topic of Communication-Networks will be included on a permanent basis in the Summer University's agenda."

Robust Modal Control covers most classical multivariable modal control design techniques that were shown to be effective in practice, and in addition proposes several new tools. The proposed new tools include: minimum energy eigenvector selection, low order observer-based control design, conversion to observer-based controllers, a new multimodel design technique, and modal analysis. The text is accompanied by a CD-ROM containing MATLAB(r) software for the implementation of the proposed techniques. The software is in use in aeronautical industry and has proven to be effective and functional.
For more detail, please visit the author's webpage at http: //www.cert.fr/dcsd/idco/perso/Magni/booksandtb.html

Because of the growing interest in hypersonic flows, the AGARD Fluid Dynamics Panel initiated a sub-working group on instrumentation for hypersonics in 1989. This sub-group, chaired by J. WENDT (VKI -Belgium), was composed of: A. BOUTIER (ONERA -France), K. BUTEFISCH (DLR -Germany), R. CATTOLICA (SANDIA Lab. -USA), V. CLINE (AEDC -USA), A. GIRARD (ONERA -France), R. McKENZIE (NASA Ames -USA), S. OCHELTREE (NASA Langley -USA) and G. SMEETS (ISL -Franco-German Inst.). As a result of several meetings, the idea came to organize this workshop, 27th April - 1st May 1992, on "New Trends in Instrumentation for Hypersonic Research", at Le Fauga-Mauzac ONERA center, in France, where the new hot-shot arc-heated facility F4, as well as a new conference building, were recently completed. This workshop has been organized in close connection with the AGARD FDP Symposium to be held in Torino 4 - 8 May 1992 on "Theoretical and Experimental Methods in Hypersonic Flows": the main conclusions and ideas expressed by the papers and during the discussions of this workshop are reported in session 7 and have been presented in Torino in a special Instrumentation session. As chairman of this workshop, I express many thanks to the Organizing Committee composed of Karl BUTEFISCH, Andre GIRARD, Stewart OCHELTREE and John WENDT for their very constructive help, leading to a meeting that was recognized to be very fruitful for all the participants.

This book contains the proceedings ofthe meeting on "Applied Mathematics in the Aerospace Field," held in Erice, Sicily, Italy from September 3 to September 10, 1991. The occasion of the meeting was the 12th Course of the School of Mathematics "Guido Stampacchia," directed by Professor Franco Giannessi of the University of Pisa. The school is affiliated with the International Center for Scientific Culture "Ettore Majorana," which is directed by Professor Antonino Zichichi of the University of Bologna. The objective of the course was to give a perspective on the state-of the-art and research trends concerning the application of mathematics to aerospace science and engineering. The course was structured with invited lectures and seminars concerning fundamental aspects of differential equa tions, mathematical programming, optimal control, numerical methods, per turbation methods, and variational methods occurring in flight mechanics, astrodynamics, guidance, control, aircraft design, fluid mechanics, rarefied gas dynamics, and solid mechanics. The book includes 20 chapters by 23 contributors from the United States, Germany, and Italy and is intended to be an important reference work on the application of mathematics to the aerospace field. It reflects the belief of the course directors that strong interaction between mathematics and engineering is beneficial, indeed essential, to progresses in both areas."

This book presents the latest research results in the area of applied nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory. Papers by three academic generations address new applications of nonlinear dynamics to mechanics, including fluid-structure interaction, machining and mechanics of solids, and many other applications.

Recent developments in telecommunications have led to new developments in tele-services, particularly tele-health and tele-education, for the benefit of those living in either the developed world or the less developed world. The benefits accrue to individuals and also to society at large. An international and interdisciplinary Symposium was organized by the International Space University to bring together technical and non-technical people to consider the future applications of space techniques to tele-services. The Proceedings of this Symposium are essential reading for all who need to appreciate the broad range of issues involved in this developing area.

Advances in Structural Optimization presents the techniques for a wide set of applications, ranging from the problems of size and shape optimization (historically the first to be studied) to topology and material optimization. Structural models are considered that use both discrete and finite elements. Structural materials can be classical or new. Emerging methods are also addressed, such as automatic differentiation, intelligent structures optimization, integration of structural optimization in concurrent engineering environments, and multidisciplinary optimization. For researchers and designers in industries such as aerospace, automotive, mechanical, civil, nuclear, naval and offshore. A reference book for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses on structural optimization and optimum design.

Welcome to The Logic of Microspace I'd like to say welcome to a brand new book, but in the interest of keeping my closet skeleton-free, I'll admit it's not entirely new. But neither are small satellites. While microspace practitioners might build a satellite in a year or even six months, it still takes a year or more of brainstorming to really get the bugs out of the mission concept, bureaucracies need years to get them under contract, and the launching pro cess is a bit more than a matter of stepping up to the turnstile with the appropriate number of quarters to drop into the slot. Or maybe that's a pretty good model, since it would take a few years (four is my estimate) to drop ten million quarters into a slot. Books are not that different - writing them takes forever minus epsilon, and the pro duction process is long. Plus, in another assault on "new," The Logic of Microspace includes, as one of its three major sections, an updated version of the wildly popular (ok, the popular) Micro Space Craft."

... a wise man knows all things in a manner in which this is possible, not, however, knowing them individually. Aristotle. Metaphysics * The problem of consideration of vortex fields' influence on solid body dynamics has a long history. One constantly comes upon it in flight dynamics of airplanes, helicopters, and other flying vehicles (FV) moving in the atmosphere, in dynamics of ships with hydrofoils, and in dynamics of rocket carriers (RC) and spacecrafts (SC) with liquid-propellant rocket engines (LPRE), that are equipped with special damping devices and other structural elements inside fluid tanks. Similar problems occur when solving problems related to attitude control and stabilization of artificial Earth satellites (AES) and spacecrafts with magnetic (electro magnetic) systems, in conducting elements of which eddy currents are induced while control of those vehicles' angular position. It is also true with special test facilities for dynamic testing of space vehicles and their systems, with modern high-speed magnetic suspension transport systems (those based on the phenomenon of 'magnetic levitation'), with generators having rotors carried in 'magnetic bearings', and so on."

This publication presents the proceedings of ICPMSE-3, the third international conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from the Low Earth Orbit Space Environment, held in Toronto April 25-26, 1996. The conference was hosted and organized by Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc, (ITL), and held at the University of Toronto's Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), where ITL is located. Twenty industrial companies, seven wliversities and eight government agencies from Canada, USA, United Kingdom, France, Israel, Russia, Ukraine and the Netherlands were represented by over 55 participants indicating increasing international co-operation in this critical arena of protection of materials in space. Twenty-five speakers, world experts in their fields, delivered talks on a wide variety of topics on various aspects of material protection in space, Representatives from the Canadian, American, European and Israeli space agencies as well as from leading space research laboratories of major aerospace industries gathered at UTIAS to discuss the latest developments in the field of material and structure protection from the harsh space environment, These proceedings are organized into four sections: a) AONOV and Radiation Effects on Materials and Structures in the Leo Space Environment; b) Interaction of Matter with the LEO Environment; c) Large Scale Coating Process Developments for Protection in LEO; d) Synthesis and Modification of Materials and Surfaces for Protection in LEO, This is the third in our on-going series of bi-annual international space materials conferences wllich began in 1992 in Toronto. Jacob Kleiman, Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc.