In May 1995 a meeting took place at the Manchester Metropolitan Uni versity, UK, with the title International Workshop on Numerical Methods for Wave Propagation Phenomena. The Workshop, which was attended by 60 scientists from 13 countries, was preceded by a short course enti tled High-Resolution Numerical Methods for Wave Propagation Phenom ena. The course participants could then join the Workshop and listen to discussions of the latest work in the field led by experts responsible for such developments. The present volume contains written versions of their contributions from the majority of the speakers at the Workshop. Professor Amiram Harten, but for his untimely death at the age of 50 years, would have been one of the speakers at the Workshop. His remarkable contributions to Numerical Analysis of Conservation Laws are commemo rated in this volume, which includes the text of the First Harten Memorial Lecture, delivered by Professor P. L. Roe from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbour, USA."

Condition modelling and control is a technique used to enable decision-making in manufacturing processes of interest to researchers and practising engineering. Condition Monitoring and Control for Intelligent Manufacturing will be bought by researchers and graduate students in manufacturing and control and engineering, as well as practising engineers in industries such as automotive and packaging manufacturing.

Reducing the cost of space program interests people more and more nowadays due to the concerns of budget limitation and commercialization of space technology. The Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Reducing the Cost of Spacecraft Ground Systems and Operations bring together papers contributed by the authors representing the research organizations, academic institutions and commercial sectors of 10 countries around the world. The papers encompass the subject areas in mission planning and operation, TT&C systems, mission control centers, and mini and small satellite support, highlighting the issues concerned by the researchers and engineers involved in a wide range of space programs and space industries.

Thiseditedbookispublishedin honorofDr. GeorgeJ. Vachtsevanos, ourDr. V, c- rently Professor Emeritus, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, on the occasion of his 70th birthday and for his more than 30 years of contribution to the discipline of Intelligent Control and its application to a wide spectrum of engineering and bioengineering systems. The book is nothing but a very small token of appreciation from Dr. V's former graduate students, his peers and colleagues in the profession - and not only - to the Scientist, the Engineer, the Professor, the mentor, but most important of all, to the friend and human being. All those who have met Dr. V over the years and haveinteractedwith himin someprofessionaland/orsocial capacityunderstandthis statement: Georgenevermadeanybodyfeelinferiortohim, hehelpedandsupported everybody, and he was there when anybody needed him I was not Dr. V's student. I rst met him and his wife Athena more than 26 years ago during one of their visits to RPI, in the house of my late advisor, Dr. George N. Saridis. Since then, I have been very fortunate to have had and continue to have interactions with him. It is not an exaggeration if I say that we all learned a lot from him.

Fuel cells are a very promising technology for the clean and efficient production of power. Fuel Cell Technology is an up-to-date survey of the development of this technology and will be bought by researchers and graduate students in materials control and chemical engineering working at universities and institutions and researchers and technical managers in commercial companies working in fuel cell technology.

Fully Tuned Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Flight Control presents the use of the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks for adaptive control of nonlinear systems with emphasis on flight control applications. A Lyapunov synthesis approach is used to derive the tuning rules for the RBF controller parameters in order to guarantee the stability of the closed loop system. Unlike previous methods that tune only the weights of the RBF network, this book presents the derivation of the tuning law for tuning the centers, widths, and weights of the RBF network, and compares the results with existing algorithms. It also includes a detailed review of system identification, including indirect and direct adaptive control of nonlinear systems using neural networks. Fully Tuned Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Flight Control is an excellent resource for professionals using neural adaptive controllers for flight control applications.

Glare is the name given to a new material for aircraft structures developed at Delft University in the Netherlands. It consists of thin aluminium layers bonded together by adhesive containing embedded fibres and is very resistant to fatigue. This book gives the inside story of how the development of Glare took place. It took more than two decades from the first tests in Delft to the major breakthrough following the decision of Airbus to apply the material on the A380 super-jumbo. This success was achieved by a small group of people inspired by professor Boud Vogelesang, people who kept believing in the material and fought against all obstacles during the years. This book tells the story of the ups and downs and the final success of their efforts.

This book presents the fmdings of a comparative study of three European metropolitan regions: Vienna, Barcelona and Stockholm. The heart of the work consists of empirical studies carefully designed and developed in order to identify the main actors and mechanisms supporting technological innovation in each of the metropolitan regions. The authors have also highlighted the similarities and differences across regions and countries, investigating how these came to be, and discussing the possible implications. The introductory as well as the concluding Chapter was written by Manfred M. Fischer who, assisted by Attila Varga, was also responsible for Chapter 2 on the Metropolitan Region of Vienna. Javier Revilla Diez contributed Chapter 3 on the Barcelona Metropolitan Region. Folke Snickars has provided Chapter 4 which examines the Metropolitan Region of Stockholm and. All authors have reviewed and commented on the whole contents so that the volume represents a collective endeavour which has been rendered as homogeneous as possible. A particular effort has been made to ensure that the study is based on a common conceptual framework.

At the opening of the "Third Meeting on Celestial Mechanics - CELMEC III", strong sensations hit our minds. The conference (18-22 June 2001) was being held in Villa Mondragone, a beautiful complex of buildings and gardens located within the township of Monte Porzio Catone, on the hills surrounding Rome. A former papal residence, the building has been recently restored by the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" to host academic activities and events. The conference room is called "Salone degli Svizzeri": here, Gregory XIII, on February 24, 1582, gave its sanction to the reform of the Julian calendar and declared officially in use the calendar still adopted nowadays. The magnificent high walls and tall ceiling strongly resounded, giving to our voice a peculiar Vatican sound, which took us by surprise. May be - we thought - a distant echo of the very words of Gregory XIII proclaiming the modem calendar was still haunting the room. Around us, in the audience, many countries were represented, thus indicating that the idea of putting together the three "souls" of modem Celestial Mechanics - perturbation theories, solar and stellar system studies, spaceflight dynamic- had been successful. CELMEC III is in fact the latest of a series of meetings (the first two editions took place in 1993 and 1997 in L' Aquila, Italy) whose aim is to establish a common ground among people working in Celestial Mechanics, yet belonging to different institutions such as universities, astronomical observatories, research institutes, space agencies and industries.

The present book Essential Spaceflight Dynamics and Magnetospherics describes, in the first instance, some of the key aspects of celestial mechanics and spaceflight dynamics. It begins with classical two and three body problems illustrative of the aesthetic aspects of applying analytical methods of investigation to celestial mechanics. Then, osculating orbital elements are introduced as well as analysis techniques sufficient to evaluate the influence of various disturbing forces on spacecraft. Next a theory of manoeuvres is outlined and the methodology of making interplanetary trajectory corrections. Ideas involving various approaches to orbital element determinations using measured data are also considered. The forces applied to a spacecraft can result in the development of torques that influence attitude motion and the effects of the most important of these are described in terms of equilibrium positions, periodic motions, steady-state and transient motions. Also considered is the problem of attitude control of a spacecraft using active and/or passive methods of orientation and stabilization. In addition, a more advanced treatment of the development of attitude control systems is provided.
A description of the Earth's magnetic and gravitational fields allows clarification of the relationship between natural features of the Earth's environment and the requirements of mission design, orbit construction and approaches to attitude control. A detailed Addendum provides an overview of circumstances on the Sun that render interplanetary space a very hazardous environment for spacecraft and for man in space'. The influence of this environment on spacecraft performance and survival is then presented, together with an outline of some of the mitigating strategies that can be invoked. A feature of the Addendum is the indication it provides of the challenges that the next generation of space experiments will pose to mission designers. It is accompanied by a separate set of references since if refers to ongoing work in space physics rather than to classical material.

The vast majority of important applications in science, engineering and applied science are characterized by the existence of multiple minima and maxima, as well as first, second and higher order saddle points. The area of Deterministic Global Optimization introduces theoretical, algorithmic and computational ad vances that (i) address the computation and characterization of global minima and maxima, (ii) determine valid lower and upper bounds on the global minima and maxima, and (iii) address the enclosure of all solutions of nonlinear con strained systems of equations. Global optimization applications are widespread in all disciplines and they range from atomistic or molecular level to process and product level representations. The primary goal of this book is three fold: first, to introduce the reader to the basics of deterministic global optimization; second, to present important theoretical and algorithmic advances for several classes of mathematical prob lems that include biconvex and bilinear; problems, signomial problems, general twice differentiable nonlinear problems, mixed integer nonlinear problems, and the enclosure of all solutions of nonlinear constrained systems of equations; and third, to tie the theory and methods together with a variety of important applications."

It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.

Extensive numerical methods for computing design sensitivity are included in the text for practical application and software development. The numerical method allows integration of CAD-FEA-DSA software tools, so that design optimization can be carried out using CAD geometric models instead of FEA models. This capability allows integration of CAD-CAE-CAM so that optimized designs can be manufactured effectively.

This book brings together the quick integral approaches and advances in the field for the prediction of stall and surge problems in the compressor. The book is useful for people involved in the flow analysis, design and testing of rotating machinery. For students, it can be used as a specialized topic of senior undergraduate or graduate study. The book can also serve as self-study material.

In many industrial applications, the existing constraints mandate the use of controllers of low and fixed order while typically, modern methods of optimal control produce high-order controllers. The authors seek to start to bridge the resultant gap and present a novel methodology for the design of low-order controllers such as those of the P, PI and PID types. Written in a self-contained and tutorial fashion, this book first develops a fundamental result, generalizing a classical stability theorem - the Hermite-Biehler Theorem - and then applies it to designing controllers that are widely used in industry. It contains material on: * current techniques for PID controller design; * stabilization of linear time-invariant plants using PID controllers; * optimal design with PID controllers; * robust and non-fragile PID controller design; * stabilization of first-order systems with time delay; * constant-gain stabilization with desired damping * constant-gain stabilization of discrete-time plants.

This book provides techniques to produce robust, stable and useable solutions to problems of H-infinity and H2 control in high-performance, non-linear systems for the first time. The book is of importance to control designers working in a variety of industrial systems. Case studies are given and the design of nonlinear control systems of the same caliber as those obtained in recent years using linear optimal and bounded-norm designs is explained.

The authors of this text have written a comprehensive introduction to the modeling and optimization problems encountered when designing new propulsion systems for passenger cars. It is intended for persons interested in the analysis and optimization of vehicle propulsion systems. Its focus is on the control-oriented mathematical description of the physical processes and on the model-based optimization of the system structure and of the supervisory control algorithms.

This, the second edition of the hugely practical reference and handbook describes kinematic, static and dynamic Global Positioning System theory and applications. It is primarily based upon source-code descriptions of the KSGSoft program developed by the author and his colleagues and used in the AGMASCO project of the EU. This is the first book to report the unified GPS data processing method and algorithm that uses equations for selectively eliminated equivalent observations.

"Systems of Commercial Turbofan Engines" gives the reader information about the operation of the engine systems, its components and the terminology used throughout the industry. The engine systems are explained by the use of examples from today's engines. So the readers, from aircraft mechanics to commercial pilot, become familiar with the current technology in this field and attains a deeper knowledge of the systems of commercial turbofan engines.

To understand the operation of gas turbine engines used in aircraft, it is not enough to understand the basic operation of a gas turbine. It is also necessary to understand the operation and the design of its auxiliary systems. This book is an introduction into the systems of modern commercial aircraft gas turbine engines. It is made for the reader who is familiar with the basic operation of aircraft gas turbine engine.

From the beginnings of the International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Application (AMAA) to the recent 11th AMAA Forum, enormous progress has been made in reducing casualties, emissions and in increasing comfort and performance. In many cases Microsystems provided key functions for this progress. This publication is a cut-out of new technological priorities in the area of microsystems-based smart devices, taking a mid-term perspective of future smart systems applications in automobiles.

This is a brilliant examination of the complex processes of the post-1990 transformation in the Czech automotive industry and its selective integration into the West European system. The post-1990 restructuring of the industry is analyzed in the context of its pre-1990 development and in the context of the East European automobile industry as a whole. Specifically, the book examines the development and post-1990 restructuring of the Czech car, components, and truck industries.

Discontinuous Systems develops nonsmooth stability analysis and discontinuous control synthesis based on novel modeling of discontinuous dynamic systems, operating under uncertain conditions. While being primarily a research monograph devoted to the theory of discontinuous dynamic systems, no background in discontinuous systems is required; such systems are introduced in the book at the appropriate conceptual level. Being developed for discontinuous systems, the theory is successfully applied to their subclasses variable-structure and impulsive systems as well as to finite- and infinite-dimensional systems such as distributed-parameter and time-delay systems. The presentation concentrates on algorithms rather than on technical implementation although theoretical results are illustrated by electromechanical applications. These specific applications complete the book and, together with the introductory theoretical constituents bring some elements of the tutorial to the text.

This volume presents an integrated approach of the common fundamentals of rail and road vehicles based on multibody system dynamics, rolling wheel contact and control system design. The methods presented allow an efficient and reliable analysis of the resulting state equations. The book provides also a better understanding of the basic physical phenomena of vehicle dynamics. Particular attention is paid to developments of future rail and road vehicles including motorcycles.

This is the second book edited with a selection of papers from the two-yearly THIESEL Conference on Thermo- and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Diesel Engines, organised by CMT-Mvtores Termicos of the Universidad Po/itecnica de Valencia, Spain. This volume includes versions of papers selected from those presented at the THIESEL 2002 Conference th held on lOth to 13 September 2002. We hope it will be the second volume of a long series reflecting the quality of the THIESEL Conference. This year, the papers are grouped in six main thematic areas: State of the Art and Prospective, Injection Systems and Spray Formation, Combustion and Emissions, Engine Modelling, Alternative Combustion Concepts and Experimental Techniques. The actual conference covered a wider scope of topics, including Air Management and Fuels for Diesel Engines and a couple of papers included reflect this variety. However, the selection of papers published here represents the most current preoccupations of Diesel engine designers, namely how to improve the combustion process using new injection strategies and alternative concepts such as the Homogeneous Charge Combustion Ignition.

Themethodologyfordesigninghigh-performancecompositestructuresisstill evo- ing. The complexity of the response of composite materials and the dif?culties in predicting the composite material properties from the basic properties of the c- stituents result in the need for a well-planned and exhaustive test program. The recommended practice to mitigate the technological risks associated with advanced composite materials is to substantiate the performance and durability of the design in a sequence of steps known as the Building Block Approach. The Building Block Approach ensures that cost and performance objectives are met by testing greater numbers of smaller, less expensive specimens. In this way, technology risks are assessed early in the program. In addition, the knowledge acquired at a given level of structural complexity is built up before progressing to a level of increased complexity. Achieving substantiation of structural performance by testing alone can be p- hibitively expensive because of the number of specimens and components required to characterize all material systems, loading scenarios and boundary conditions. Building Block Approachprogramscan achieve signi?cant cost reductionsby se- ing a synergy between testing and analysis. The more the development relies on analysis, the less expensive it becomes. The use of advanced computational models for the prediction of the mechanical response of composite structures can replace some of the mechanical tests and can signi?cantly reduce the cost of designing with composites while providing to the engineers the information necessary to achieve an optimized design.