This the fifth volume of five from the 28th IMAC on Structural Dynamics and Renewable Energy, 2010, brings together 19 chapters on the Dynamics of Bridges. It presents early findings from experimental as well as computational investigations on the Dynamics of Bridges, including studies on Modeling Environmental Effects on the Dynamic Characteristics of the Tamar Suspension, Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges, Structural Assessment of Damaged Bridges Using Ambient Vibration Testing, and Development of a Tamar Bridge Finite Element Model.

Early applications of Navier's beam theory to the rational design of structures are documented in the Annales of the French Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees and refer to the design of three wooden bridges built in France in the 1840's. Revisiting these examples, the book provides documentation on the progressive establishment of the new design approach, based on the theory of structural mechanics rather than empirical knowledge. The bridges concerned were built according to the structural scheme patented by Ithiel Town in the USA, witnessing the diffusion in Europe of the American advancements in bridge design, circulated by the travel reports of French engineers from the Ecole. Through the exam of French treatises discussing the progress of theoretical formulations in parallel with experimental findings in the 18th and 19th centuries, the book retraces as well the long path which led to the formulation of Navier's theory. The relevant scientific debate dealt mainly with the specific case of wood bridges; the text outlines a brief history of bridges built in the Alpine area at the time, based on unpublished iconographic materials from various European archives.

The United States has approximately 607,000 bridges on public roads subject to the National Bridge Inspection Standards mandated by Congress. The sudden catastrophic failure of the I-5 Interstate System bridge in Washington State has raised policy concerns in Congress regarding the condition of the nation's transportation infrastructure in general, and in particular the federal role in funding, building, maintaining, and ensuring the safety of roads and especially bridges in the United States. This book discusses highway bridge conditions. It then continues to provide information on a Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program that is intended to provide a comprehensive definition of bridge performance that will be the foundation for carefully designed research studies in the LTBP Program.

The Federal Highway Administration 100-Year Coating Study was initiated in August 2009 to identify coating systems that can provide 100 years of virtually maintenance-free service life at comparable costs to the existing coating systems, even in adverse environments. This book focuses on the study and discusses the performance evaluation of one-coat systems for new steel bridges.

Design, rehabilitate and maintain modern highway bridge from steel and reinforced concrete design, to highway layout and basic geometrics, to geotechnical engineering and hydraulics are all explained in this book. Written with unusual clarity and packed with timely design examples and case studies plus eye opening sidebars and graphics, the book shows bridge structures, function, types and applications; design superstructures and substructures for maximum maintainability; design highway components. The book is an easy approach pavement and serves as a slab, structures geometrics and elevations, roadways alignments and more; kick off the project-from funding to site surveying and coring; manage the design process-contract documents, reports, plans client interactions and many more; manage the bridge itself- from creating a structure inventory to extending GIS and CADD functionality. From initial concept all the way to final contract document preparation, the book bridge maintenance, safety and management presents a clear and detailed roadmap to the entire bridge process. Placing special emphasis on rehabilitation design and maintenance techniques, the book is filled with important design procedures and illustrations.

LOAD RATING HIGHWAY BRIDGES In accordance with Load and Resistance Factor Rating Method First Edition The first comprehensive text introducing the background theory along with the practical procedure of load rating highway bridges with the state-of-the-art Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) method. With its simplicity and complete contents on this subject, this is an indispensable text for both students and practicing engineers. The safety of bridges is essential to the traveling public. To ensure that bridges in our highway system function safely and serve properly, engineers need to inspect and assess the live load carrying capacity of the bridges. Based on the results of inspection and evaluation, decisions are made on load restriction, repair, retrofit or replacement. Load rating, one of the critical tasks in this decision-making process, uses either an analytical method or non-destructive load testing to determine the live load carrying capacity of a bridge. This is a book solely concentrated on bridge load rating by using analytical load rating methods, with a focus on the LRFR method. The primary purpose of this book is to provide the basic concept of load rating highway bridges in terms of the LRFR method. The target readers are practicing engineers who want to acquire fundamental knowledge of the LRFR method. Bearing that in mind, the author attempts to strike a balance between theory and how-to. Engineers who are conducting or will perform load ratings of bridges can use this text as a reference in supplement to the AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE). This book can also serve as a textbook or supplemental material for a senior level undergraduate or graduate course in bridge design and load rating. This text is divided into three major sections. The first section contains a brief introduction to bridge load rating (Chapter 1) and fundamentals of structural failure and structural reliability theory (Chapter 2). After completing this section, re

The book focuses on the use of inelastic analysis methods for the seismic assessment and design of bridges, for which the work carried out so far, albeit interesting and useful, is nevertheless clearly less than that for buildings. Although some valuable literature on the subject is currently available, the most advanced inelastic analysis methods that emerged during the last decade are currently found only in the specialised research-oriented literature, such as technical journals and conference proceedings. Hence the key objective of this book is two-fold, first to present all important methods belonging to the aforementioned category in a uniform and sufficient for their understanding and implementation length, and to provide also a critical perspective on them by including selected case-studies wherein more than one methods are applied to a specific bridge and by offering some critical comments on the limitations of the individual methods and on their relative efficiency. The book should be a valuable tool for both researchers and practicing engineers dealing with seismic design and assessment of bridges, by both making the methods and the analytical tools available for their implementation, and by assisting them to select the method that best suits the individual bridge projects that each engineer and/or researcher faces.

For long-span bridges, wind action is a dominant factor in their safety and serviceability. A large number of long-span bridges have been built in Japan over the past 30 years, and tremendous amounts of research and technical development have been accomplished in wind-resistant design." "This book is a compilation of the results of active research and development. Wind-resistant design standards generated in Japan are described in the first few chapters. Then comes information such as design wind speed, structural damping, wind tunnel tests, and analyses, which provide the basis of the designstandards. Wind-induced vibrations and their control of girders, towers, cables, and other features are explained with examples of field measurements. Comprehensive listings of Japanese experience in vibration control are also presented. Because achieving particularly dynamic safety against wind is still not an easy task, these data and information will be valuable assets for the wind-engineering and bridge-engineering communities."

It is widely acknowledged that there is an increasing problem in maintenance of the American civil infrastructure. Highways, bridges, sewers, railroads, harbours, and public buildings built in the 1950s and 1960s are wearing out, while inflation-adjusted federal spending on infrastructure has fallen. The current situation, with respect to highway bridge maintenance, is in fact so severe that many states cannot afford to attend in need of replacement, so they are focusing only on the most severe cases. Recently, rapid assessment, repair, and replacement of damaged highway bridge after extreme events have been given close attention to by government agencies, engineering and construction communities, and the general public. This book presents the complicated undertaking of highway bridge replacement in an easy-to-read format.

On Wednesday, August 1, 2007, the eight-lane, 1,907-foot-long I-35W highway bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, experienced a catastrophic failure in the main span of the deck truss. Major safety issues identified in this investigation include insufficient bridge design firm quality control procedures for designing bridges, and insufficient Federal and State procedures for reviewing and approving bridge design plans and calculations; lack of guidance for bridge owners with regard to the placement of construction loads on bridges during repair or maintenance activities; exclusion of gusset plates in bridge load rating guidance; lack of inspection guidance for conditions of gusset plate distortion; and inadequate use of technologies for accurately assessing the condition of gusset plates on deck truss bridges. As a result of this accident investigation, the Safety Board makes recommendations to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. One safety recommendation resulting from this investigation was issued to the FHWA in January 2008.

The covered bridge has long been a symbol of Indiana's past, evoking feelings of romance and nostalgia. These feats of engineering span the rivers and streams that crisscross the county. Jeremy Boshears' photographs capture the beauty of the bridges dotting the riverbanks of Monroe County. With 121 color photographs, The Covered Bridges of Monroe County will appeal to everyone who treasures these iconic structures.

The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation Program (NHCBP) includes preservation of covered bridges that are listed, or are eligible for listing, on the National Register of Historic Places. It also advocates research for better means of restoring and protecting historic covered bridges, using advanced technology. The book is aimed at the highest form of historic preservation: maintaining the bridge not only physically, but also functionally. While the builder's original form is preserved, the structure continues to serve as a real bridge and not a historical relic. The technology being investigated uses glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) products to increase the strength of the members with minimal increases in x-section. The study also looks at ways to mask the use of the GFRP components. This study is just the beginning of research on this topic. The concept will be refined and amplified in future projects. The book is intended primarily for engineers, contractors, researchers, consultants, bridge owners, and historic bridge preservationists to help them keep these historic structures in full service.

BridgeLCC 2.0 is user-friendly software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to help bridge designers determine the cost effectiveness of alternative bridge designs, construction and repair strategies, and construction materials. The software uses a life-cycle costing methodology based on the ASTM standard practice for life-cycle costing and a cost classification scheme developed by NIST. This user manual describes the functions and settings in BridgeLCC and includes example analyses that illustrate its use.

Assessment of the Performance of Vital Long-Span Bridges in the United States describes the types and levels of assessments necessary for capturing the lifetime performance of long-span bridges and emphasizes the distinction between performance and condition assessments. Long-span bridges are a living tribute to the engineering feats and accomplishments of their designers and builders. This report contains up-to-date engineering assessment concepts, elaborates on some past catastrophic failures, and relates the lack of engineering performance assessments in these case histories. The elements and parameters, which may govern whether these special bridges have the sustainability to perform well for long-term serviceability and during extreme events, are discussed. Bridge engineers who are involved in preserving long-span bridges and concerned with their vulnerability and weakness will find this book of interest for future load and force scenarios.

In the Wake of Tacoma is the first comprehensive treatment of the changes the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge has imposed on the design of suspension bridges. Designed as a historical narrative, this heavily illustrated book describes design trends before the collapse, the collapse itself and the investigations to determine its cause. The book goes on to examine subsequent aerodynamic and other design developments and their application in suspension bridges worldwide over the six decades following the collapse. ""In the Wake of Tacoma"" also provides a comprehensive reference work on suspension bridges in general, examining virtually every suspension bridge of note built in the past six decades, and highlighting overall development of the state of the art today. It goes beyond the major, well-known bridges to examine many small- and mid-span suspension bridges worldwide that have contributed significantly to the modern development of the form. Also covered are the engineering debates and engineers involved, and discussions of bridges under construction, under design, and new design concepts and materials to conquer the huge distances envisaged for such crossings as the Messina and Gibraltar straits. Presented in easy-to-understand, non-technical language, this book should appeal to both engineers and non-engineers with an interest in bridges and engineering in general.

In recent years, integral bridges have become increasingly popular in the UK. The Highways Agency standard now requires, where possible, that all new bridges with a length of less than sixty metres should be of integral form. In addition, it has been found that, due especially to the problems and costs associated with failed expansion joints, integral bridges are not only cost effective but also have a longer lifespan. Integral Bridges was commissioned by the Highways Agency to produce guidance for bridge designers by addressing the thermally induced soil/structure interaction problem created by environmental changes of temperature and the associated cyclical displacements imposed on the granular backfill to the bridge abutments. It develops a better theoretical understanding of the cyclic performance, in particular the strain racheting in the backfill soil when in contact with a stiff structure. It also identifies the governing soil parameters and examines their influence in the interaction problem, develops numerical modelling procedures to predict interactive soil behaviour, and identifies and quantifies the controlling features of bridge structures relevant to the interaction problem.

The earliest recorded bridge across the Medway existed in the twelfth century and was abandoned in the fourteenth century. Flight studies the historical accouts of the bridge and some archaeological evidence to reconstruct its history and argue that it was constructed by the Romans, possibly in the 4th century.

In the twentieth century bridge engineers have seen many changes. Advances in technology, materials and engineers understanding of structural behaviour and methods of analysis has presented opportunities for innovation and have led to increasingly sophisticated solutions to the basic problem of providing a bridge over an obstacle. However, despite these innovative technological changes, the masonry arch bridge has shown itself to be a durable, cost-effective structure, tolerant of its modern environment and out-performing many of its competitors.

In this comprehensive classic manual, the author describes the use of timber as bridge material, types of timber bridges, the properties of wood and wood products, preservation and protection of timber bridges, timber design concepts for bridges, loads and forces on timber bridges, design of beam superstructures, design of longitudinal deck superstructures, design of longitudinal stress-laminated deck superstructures, rail systems for timber decks, wearing surfaces for timber decks, timber bridge fabrication and construction, bridge inspection of decay and other deterioration, maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement of timber bridges. This is a digitally recreated publication of the original manuscript (1990), comprising over 900 pages, produced in its entirety. Wood was probably the first material used by humans to construct a bridge. Although in the 20th century concrete and steel replaced wood as the major materials for bridge construction, wood is still widely used for short- and medium-span bridges. Of the bridges in the United States with spans longer than 20 feet, approximately 12 percent of them, or 71,200 bridges, are made of timber. In the USDA Forest Service alone, approximately 7,500 timber bridges are in use, and more are built each year. The railroads have more than 1,500 miles of timber bridges and trestles in service. In addition, timber bridges recently have attracted the attention of international organizations and foreign countries, including the United Nations, Canada, England, Japan, and Australia.

This volume consists of papers presented at the First International Conference on Bridge Management, held at The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, from 28-30 March 1990.

With a total span length of 8,344 feet from anchor block to anchor block, the Mackinac Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world. It surpasses the Golden Gate Bridge, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, and the Humber Bridge in England, even with their longer center spans. Every phase of construction of the Mackinac Bridge was photographed. The pictures in this book, selected from 3,000 black-and-white photos, document important stages of the monumental undertaking. Captions detail the procedures used during construction. The result is a volume which captures the struggles and the hardships, as well as the determination and the pride of the men who labored to build Mighty Mac.

The project-the longest total suspension bridge in the world-would span the Starits of Mackinac where winds exceed eighty miles an hour and ice windrows reach a height of forty feet. It would connect two largely rural communities with a combined population of less than four thousand and would require the largest bond issue ever proposed for the construction of a bridge. Little wonder that some Wall Street investors labeled the proposition as ludicrous. Nonetheless, the Mackinac Bridge became a reality.

The book is about bridging the huge gaps between what engineers know, what they do and why things go wrong. It puts engineering into a wider perspective so readers can see how it relates to other disciplines - especially science and technology. Many intellectuals have dismissed engineering as 'applied science', but this book shows how wrong it is to do so - engineers apply science, but their purpose is quite different.It takes the reader on a learning journey of reflections on the gaps between theory and practice in professional life - not just in engineering but across all disciplines. The learning is summarized through 20 learning points or lessons, each one placed in context. Some of the important lessons are about learning from failure, joining-up theory and practice, understanding process, classifying uncertainty, managing risks, finding resilience, thinking systems to improve performance and nurturing practical wisdom.