Historic covered bridges and current timber bridges can be vulnerable to damage from biodeterioration or fire. This guide describes procedures for selecting and applying inplace treatments to prevent or arrest these forms of degradation. Vulnerable areas for biodeterioration in covered bridges include members contacting abutments, members near the ends of bridges subject to wetting from splashing and members below windows or other openings that allow entry of wind-blown precipitation. Pressure-treated timber bridge members can be vulnerable when untreated wood is exposed by field fabrication or by the development of drying checks. The objective of an in-place preservative treatment is to distribute preservative into areas of a structure that are vulnerable to moisture accumulation and/or not protected by the original pressure treatment. Types of field treatments range from finishes, to boron rods or pastes, to fumigants. A limitation of in-place treatments is that they cannot be forced deeply into the wood as is done in pressure-treatment processes. However, some can be applied into the center of large members via treatment holes. These preservatives may be available as liquids, rods or pastes. Bridge members can be treated with fire retardants to delay ignition, reduce heat release, and slow the spread of flames. In-place coating products are available to reduce surface flammability, but these coatings may need to be reapplied on a regular basis if exposed to weathering. For more integrated protection, fire retardant treatment of bridge members may be combined with other forms of protection such as lights, alarms, sprinklers and monitoring systems.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Proven methods for preventing and mitigating bridge and highway flood scour Offering detailed guidelines on bridge scour countermeasures, this comprehensive resource provides a proactive strategy for the design and construction of bridges to prevent scour, as well as a reactive plan for post-flood disaster management. Topics discussed include erosion, causes of scour, AASHTO design codes, hydrology, hydraulics, scour analysis, inspection methods, and modern materials technology. Real-world case studies illustrate the concepts presented. The authoritative information in this practical guide will help you to develop more efficient and cost-effective design processes and bridge management systems for river bridges subjected to floods. Flood Scour for Bridges and Highways covers: Floods, scour problems, and mitigation River instability caused by flow obstructions Past failures and bridges vulnerable to failure Geotechnical and hydraulic issues at scour-critical rivers and bridges Hydrology, floods, and scour-critical bridges Estimating scour depths and selecting applicable countermeasures Inspections, ratings, and monitoring countermeasures FHWA, HEC-18, and HEC-23 scour countermeasures as remediation Innovative methods of flood control and disaster management

In late 2009, the Echo Wash and Valley of Fire bridge decks were constructed in the Lake Mead National Recreation area in Nevada. Within six months after installation, in early 2010, both decks exhibited considerable transverse cracking, with some cracks extending through the thickness of the deck. Similar cracking was observed in the Snake River bridge deck in Wyoming. This report details the results of a two-pronged approach to examining the causes of such cracking.

It is widely acknowledged that there is an increasing problem in maintenance of the American civil infrastructure. Highways, bridges, sewers, railroads, harbours, and public buildings built in the 1950s and 1960s are wearing out, while inflation-adjusted federal spending on infrastructure has fallen. The current situation, with respect to highway bridge maintenance, is in fact so severe that many states cannot afford to attend in need of replacement, so they are focusing only on the most severe cases. Recently, rapid assessment, repair, and replacement of damaged highway bridge after extreme events have been given close attention to by government agencies, engineering and construction communities, and the general public. This book presents the complicated undertaking of highway bridge replacement in an easy-to-read format.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. State-of-the-Art Bridge and Highway Rehabilitation and Repair MethodsThis authoritative volume offers up-to-date guidance on the latest design techniques, repair methods, specialized software, materials, and advanced maintenance procedures for bridges and highway structures. Focusing on both traditional and nontraditional design issues, Bridge and Highway Structure Rehabilitation and Repair clarifies the most recent AASHTO bridge design codes and discusses new analytical and design methodologies, such as the application of load and resistance factor design (LRFD). A wealth of concise explanations, solved examples, and in-depth case studies are included in this comprehensive resource. COVERAGE INCLUDES: Diagnostic design and selective reconstruction Bridge failure studies and safety engineering Analytical approach to fracture and failure Load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) and redesign Application of LRFD and LRFR methods Inspection and structural health monitoring Bridge widening and replacement strategies Conventional repair methods Advanced repair methods Concrete repair methods Extreme events of flood scour and countermeasures design Guidelines for seismic design and retrofit methods

On Wednesday, August 1, 2007, the eight-lane, 1,907-foot-long I-35W highway bridge over the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, experienced a catastrophic failure in the main span of the deck truss. Major safety issues identified in this investigation include insufficient bridge design firm quality control procedures for designing bridges, and insufficient Federal and State procedures for reviewing and approving bridge design plans and calculations; lack of guidance for bridge owners with regard to the placement of construction loads on bridges during repair or maintenance activities; exclusion of gusset plates in bridge load rating guidance; lack of inspection guidance for conditions of gusset plate distortion; and inadequate use of technologies for accurately assessing the condition of gusset plates on deck truss bridges. As a result of this accident investigation, the Safety Board makes recommendations to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. One safety recommendation resulting from this investigation was issued to the FHWA in January 2008.

If you've ever been asked to calculate the live load for a herd of elephants...If you've ever built a sand castle to study soil mechanics...If you've ever had to choose between your date and your favorite bridge...Brian Brenner has written the book for you. ""Bridginess: More of the Civil Engineering Life"" finds Brenner turning his pen and his signature wit to the subjects of urban sprawl, airport infrastructure planning, and, of course, bridges. After reading this collection, you will know bridges from more angles than a through truss. You will think twice before placing a salad on the roof of your car. And you will know just what makes a truly great college response letter. These essays range from humorous to informative, autobiographical to historical. They encompass the full range of Brenner's talent as a writer, as well as an engineer. With his charming and fluid style, Brenner makes civil engineering funny, interesting, and at times, even glamorous.

Hailed by some as the Eighth Wonder of the World when it opened in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge is one of the world's most recognizable and beloved icons. For over one hundred years it has excited and fascinated with stories of ingenuity and heroism and it has been endorsed as a flawless symbol of municipal improvement and a prime emblem of American technological progress. Despite its impressive physical presence, however, Brooklyn's grand old bridge is much more than a testament of engineering and architectural achievement. As Richard Haw shows in this first-of-its-kind cultural history, the Brooklyn Bridge owes as much to the imagination of the public as it does to the historical events and technical prowess that were integral to its construction. Bringing together more than sixty images of the bridge that, over the years, have graced postcards, magazine covers and book jackets and appeared in advertisements, cartoons, films and photographs, Haw traces the diverse and sometimes jarring ways in which this majestic structure has been received, adopted and interpreted as an American idea. Haw's account is not a history of how the bridge was made, but rather of what people have made of the Brooklyn Bridge--in film, music, literature, art and politics--from its opening ceremonies to the blackout of 2003. Classic accounts from such writers and artists as H. G. Wells, Charles Reznikoff, Hart Crane, Lewis Mumford, Joseph Pennell, Walker Evans and Georgia O'Keeffe, among many others, present the bridge as a deserted, purely aestheticized romantic ideal, while others, including Henry James, Joseph Stella, Yun Gee, Ernest Poole, Alfred Kazin, Paul Auster and Don DeLillo, offer a counter-narrativeas they question not only the role of the bridge in American society, but its function as a profoundly public, communal place. Also included are never-before-published photographs by William Gedney and a discussion of Alexis Rockman's provocative new mural "Manifest Destiny. Drawing on hundreds of cultural artifacts, from the poignant, to the intellectual, to the downright quirky, "The Brooklyn Bridge sheds new light on topics such as ethnic and foreign responses to America, nationalism, memory, parade culture, commemoration, popular culture, and post-9/11 America icons. In the end, we realize that this impressive span is as culturally remarkable today as it was technologically and physically astounding in the nineteenth century.

From the beautiful simplicity of an ancient clapper bridge to the elegant, sweeping lines of a modern suspension bridge, these structures delight the eye and complement their surroundings. But what do we really know about them? Why and when were they built? What exactly does a particular part do? And, most importantly, why don't they fall down? In this easy-to-follow book, Trevor Yorke uses his own illustrations, diagrams and photographs to explain the basic principles of construction and styles of bridges so the reader can better appreciate them, recognise how they work and from what period they date. Along the way you'll take a closer look at arched bridges through the ages, from Roman & Medieval times to the Georgian era, as well as more modern cast-iron steel & concrete bridges. Beam, truss and girder bridges are explained in detail, as are cantilever structures, suspension bridges, moving bridges, aqueducts and viaducts. Through diagrams and photos, the finest examples of each style and period are brought to life - for example, the first iteration of London Bridge, Sonning Bridge in Berkshire, Ironbridge in Shropshire, the Menai Suspension Bridge and many more. Towards the back of the book you'll find a quick reference guide with a list of bridges to visit and a glossary to explain any unfamiliar terms. You'll never look at another bridge in the same way again.

BridgeLCC 2.0 is user-friendly software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to help bridge designers determine the cost effectiveness of alternative bridge designs, construction and repair strategies, and construction materials. The software uses a life-cycle costing methodology based on the ASTM standard practice for life-cycle costing and a cost classification scheme developed by NIST. This user manual describes the functions and settings in BridgeLCC and includes example analyses that illustrate its use.

The earliest recorded bridge across the Medway existed in the twelfth century and was abandoned in the fourteenth century. Flight studies the historical accouts of the bridge and some archaeological evidence to reconstruct its history and argue that it was constructed by the Romans, possibly in the 4th century.

Both a history and a guide, this book offers scenic tours to all 106 of Vermont's covered bridges and tells the rich stories behind them. For many people, covered bridges are much more than picturesque: They represent a living link with an alluring part of our past. Along with a sense of romance, we associate them with an era of hard work, creativity, and ingenuity. Each bridge sparks a new question: Why was it built, how, when, and by whom? How has it lasted when so many others have disappeared? This guide will answer these and many other questions about all 106 of Vermont's authentic, historic covered bridges. Arranged by convenient driving tours, it provides precise directions to help travelers find each bridge--touring through the most scenic countryside along the way--and shares each bridge's history and folklore. Advice on photographing the bridges, parking, and finding nearby historical sites and museums is also included in each tour. An introduction tells the colorful story of "the great truss race" in the early days of bridge architecture and design. Detailed scenic driving tours make this book useful to anyone exploring the back roads of Vermont. Superb maps mark the location of all 106 covered bridges. 60 black-and-white photographs.

In this comprehensive classic manual, the author describes the use of timber as bridge material, types of timber bridges, the properties of wood and wood products, preservation and protection of timber bridges, timber design concepts for bridges, loads and forces on timber bridges, design of beam superstructures, design of longitudinal deck superstructures, design of longitudinal stress-laminated deck superstructures, rail systems for timber decks, wearing surfaces for timber decks, timber bridge fabrication and construction, bridge inspection of decay and other deterioration, maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement of timber bridges. This is a digitally recreated publication of the original manuscript (1990), comprising over 900 pages, produced in its entirety. Wood was probably the first material used by humans to construct a bridge. Although in the 20th century concrete and steel replaced wood as the major materials for bridge construction, wood is still widely used for short- and medium-span bridges. Of the bridges in the United States with spans longer than 20 feet, approximately 12 percent of them, or 71,200 bridges, are made of timber. In the USDA Forest Service alone, approximately 7,500 timber bridges are in use, and more are built each year. The railroads have more than 1,500 miles of timber bridges and trestles in service. In addition, timber bridges recently have attracted the attention of international organizations and foreign countries, including the United Nations, Canada, England, Japan, and Australia.

The project-the longest total suspension bridge in the world-would span the Starits of Mackinac where winds exceed eighty miles an hour and ice windrows reach a height of forty feet. It would connect two largely rural communities with a combined population of less than four thousand and would require the largest bond issue ever proposed for the construction of a bridge. Little wonder that some Wall Street investors labeled the proposition as ludicrous. Nonetheless, the Mackinac Bridge became a reality.

With a total span length of 8,344 feet from anchor block to anchor block, the Mackinac Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world. It surpasses the Golden Gate Bridge, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, and the Humber Bridge in England, even with their longer center spans. Every phase of construction of the Mackinac Bridge was photographed. The pictures in this book, selected from 3,000 black-and-white photos, document important stages of the monumental undertaking. Captions detail the procedures used during construction. The result is a volume which captures the struggles and the hardships, as well as the determination and the pride of the men who labored to build Mighty Mac.

On the morning of May 9, 1980, during sudden violent weather, a 600-foot freighter struck a support pier of the fifteen-mile Sunshine Skyway Bridge. The main span splintered and collapsed 150 feet into Tampa Bay. Seven cars and a Greyhound bus fell over the broken edge and into the churning water below. Thirty-five people died. Skyway tells the entire story of this horrific event. Through personal interviews and extensive research, Bill DeYoung pieces together the harrowing moments of the collision, including the first-person accounts of witnesses and survivors. The result is a gripping retelling of the worst ship-bridge collision in U.S. history.

This book introduces 53 bridges that the author designed during his period teaching at Dalian University of Technology (1984-2014). The bridges have unique features; some bridges are the first of their kind in China, while the others are the biggest in size. For example, Jinma Bridge is the longest single concrete, single-plane, cable-stayed bridge in the world and Xinghai Bridge is the first double-deck, steel truss suspension bridge being constructed in the Sea of China. Innovation and reasonable structure designs must meet the requirements of applicability, economy, safety, artistic appearance and endurance. Innovation and rational stress are the main concern when considering bridge functionality. Only innovation can make new bridges surpass previously designed bridges. Only rational stress can save materials and reach the requirements of economy, safety and endurance. Teachers, students and engineers engaged in bridge engineering will be inspired from the designing concepts and methods within this book. The author compiles thirty years of work and dedication in the field and shares his discoveries with the readers who are interested in bridge design and functionality.

The United States has approximately 607,000 bridges on public roads subject to the National Bridge Inspection Standards mandated by Congress. The sudden catastrophic failure of the I-5 Interstate System bridge in Washington State has raised policy concerns in Congress regarding the condition of the nation's transportation infrastructure in general, and in particular the federal role in funding, building, maintaining, and ensuring the safety of roads and especially bridges in the United States. This book discusses highway bridge conditions. It then continues to provide information on a Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program that is intended to provide a comprehensive definition of bridge performance that will be the foundation for carefully designed research studies in the LTBP Program.

Fully updated coverage of the entire bridge engineering process Revised to reflect the latest codes, standards, and technical advances, this practical reference covers every aspect of highway bridge engineering and management. Bridge Engineering: Design, Rehabilitation, and Maintenance of Modern Highway Bridges, Fourth Edition, features the latest analysis, design, and construction methods as well as up-to-date information on materials and components. Cutting-edge maintenance and repair techniques are explained in complete detail. Real-world case studies and detailed photos and illustrations are provided throughout. Coverage includes: * Highway bridge structures * Project inception and funding * Design standards * Bridge inspection and site survey * Physical testing * As-built plans and other record data * Superstructure and deck types * Wearing surface types * Deck joint types * Design loads and methods * Internal forces and load distribution * Concrete deck slabs * Composite steel members * Plate girders and continuous beams * Protecting steel superstructures * Load rating * Prestressed concrete * Substructure design * Abutments and piers * Bearings * Managing the design process * Contract documents * Bridge management systems

The State of New York is now building one of the world's longest, widest, and most expensive bridges - the new Tappan Zee Bridge - stretching more than three miles across the Hudson River, approximately thirteen miles north of New York City. In Politics Across the Hudson, urban planner Philip Plotch offers a behind-the-scenes look at three decades of contentious planning and politics centered around this bridge. He reveals valuable lessons for those trying to tackle complex public policies while also confirming our worst fears about government dysfunction. Drawing on his extensive experience planning megaprojects, interviews with more than a hundred key figures - including governors, agency heads, engineers, civic advocates, and business leaders - and extraordinary access to internal government records, Plotch tells a compelling story of high-stakes battles between powerful players in the public, private, and civic sectors. He reveals how state officials abandoned viable options, squandered hundreds of millions of dollars, forfeited more than three billion dollars in federal funds, and missed out on important opportunities. Faced with the public's unrealistic expectations, no one could identify a practical solution to a vexing problem, a dilemma that led three governors to study various alternatives rather than disappoint key constituencies. ,br>Politics Across the Hudson continues where Robert Caro's The Power Broker left off and illuminates the power struggles involved in building New York's first major new bridge since the Robert Moses era. Plotch describes how one governor, Andrew Cuomo, shrewdly overcame the seemingly insurmountable obstacles of onerous environmental regulations, vehement community opposition, insufficient funding, interagency battles, and overly optimistic expectations.