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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Social issues > Ethical issues & debates > Censorship
Contemporary Singapore is simultaneously a small postcolonial
multicultural nation state and a cosmopolitan global city. To
manage fundamental contradictions, the state takes the lead in
authoring the national narrative. This is partly an internal
process of nation building, but it is also achieved through more
commercially motivated and outward facing efforts at nation and
city branding. Both sets of processes contribute to Singapore's
capacity to influence foreign affairs, if only for national
self-preservation. For a small state with resource limitations,
this is mainly through the exercise of smart power, or the ability
to strategically combine soft and hard power resources.
Though literature and censorship have been conceived as long-time
adversaries, this collection seeks to understand the degree to
which they have been dialectical terms, each producing the other,
coeval and mutually constitutive. On the one hand, literary
censorship has been posited as not only inescapable but definitive,
even foundational to speech itself. One the other, especially after
the opening of the USSR's spekstrahn, those enormous collections of
literature forbidden under the Soviets, the push to redefine
censorship expansively has encountered cogent criticism. Scholars
describing the centralised control of East German print
publication, for example, have wanted to insist on the difference
of pre-publication state censorship from more mundane forms of
speech regulation in democracies. Work on South African apartheid
censorship and book banning in colonial countries also demonstrates
censorship's formative role in the institutional structures of
literature beyond the metropole. Censorship and the Limits of the
Literary examines these and other developments across twelve
countries, from the Enlightenment to the present day, offering case
studies from the French revolution to Internet China. Is literature
ever without censorship? Does censorship need the literary? In a
globalizing era for culture, does censorship represent the final,
failed version of national control?
As movies took the country by storm in the early twentieth century,
Americans argued fiercely about whether municipal or state
authorities should step in to control what people could watch when
they went to movie theaters, which seemed to be springing up on
every corner. Many who opposed the governmental regulation of film
conceded that some entity-boards populated by trusted civic
leaders, for example-needed to safeguard the public good. The
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (NB), a civic group
founded in New York City in 1909, emerged as a national cultural
chaperon well suited to protect this emerging form of expression
from state incursions. Using the National Board's extensive files,
Monitoring the Movies offers the first full-length study of the NB
and its campaign against motion-picture censorship. Jennifer Fronc
traces the NB's Progressive-era founding in New York; its evolving
set of "standards" for directors, producers, municipal officers,
and citizens; its "city plan," which called on citizens to report
screenings of condemned movies to local officials; and the spread
of the NB's influence into the urban South. Ultimately, Monitoring
the Movies shows how Americans grappled with the issues that arose
alongside the powerful new medium of film: the extent of the right
to produce and consume images and the proper scope of government
control over what citizens can see and show.
James Dalton Trumbo (1905--1976) is widely recognized for his work
as a screenwriter, playwright, and author, but he is also
remembered as one of the Hollywood Ten who opposed the House
Un-American Activities Committee. Refusing to answer questions
about his prior involvement with the Communist Party, Trumbo
sacrificed a successful career in Hollywood to stand up for his
rights and defend political freedom. In Dalton Trumbo, authors
Larry Ceplair and Christopher Trumbo present their extensive
research on the famed writer, detailing his work, his membership in
the Communist Party, his long campaign against censorship during
the domestic cold war, his ten-month prison sentence for contempt
of Congress, and his thirteen-year struggle to break the blacklist.
The blacklist ended for Trumbo in 1960, when he received screen
credits for Exodus and Spartacus. Just before his death, he
received a long-delayed Academy Award for The Brave One, and in
1993, he was posthumously given an Academy Award for Roman Holiday
(1953). This comprehensive biography provides insights into the
many notable people with whom Trumbo worked, including Stanley
Kubrick, Otto Preminger, and Kirk Douglas, and offers a fascinating
look at the life of one of Hollywood's most prominent screenwriters
and his battle against persecution.
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