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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry > Analytical chemistry > Qualitative analytical chemistry > Chemical spectroscopy, spectrochemistry
Laser spectroscopy has been perfected over the last fifteen years to become a precise tool for the investigation of highly vibrationally excited molecules. Intense infrared laser radiation permits both the multiple-photon resonant excitation and the dissociation of polyatomic molecules. In this book, the latest results of some of the foremost Soviet researchers are published for the first time in the West. Laser Spectroscopy of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules contains a comprehensive study of both the experimental and theoretical aspects of the basic photophysical interactions that occur in these processes. The book first focuses on the nonlinear interaction between the resonant vibrational mode and the intense infrared field and then examines the nonlinear interaction between the vibrational modes themselves due to anharmonicity. These interrelated processes determine all the characteristics of polyatomic molecules in an infrared field. The book also discusses related phenomena such as spectra broadening, optical resonance, photon echoes, and dynamical chaos. It includes examples of multiple-photon resonant excitation such as the excitation of OsO4 by CO^O2 laser radiation, which is detected by the visible luminescence that results. This book will be of great interest to researchers and postgraduate students in infrared laser spectroscopy and the laser chemistry of molecules and applications of isotope separation.
Remarkable developments in the spectroscopy field regarding ultrashort pulse generation have led to the possibility of producing light pulses ranging from 50 to5 fs and frequency tunable from the near infrared to the ultraviolet range. Such pulses enable us to follow the coupling of vibrational motion to the electronic transitions in molecules and solids in real time. Detailing these advanced developments, as well as the fundamental methods and tools of vibrational spectroscopy, Coherent Vibrational Dynamics providesresearchers and students with a uniquely comprehensive resource. With the contributions of pioneering scientists, this seminal volume - * Outlines the principles and tools used on time-domain vibrational spectroscopy and provides a general introduction to the subject of coherent phonons * Describes the modern methods for tunable ultrashort pulse generation from infrared to visible-UV * Reviews coherent vibrational dynamics in small molecules in liquids (hydrogen bonds), and in carbon based conjugated materials (polyenes, carotenoids, and semiconducting polymers) * Explores phonon dynamics in semiconductors (bulk and heterostructures) and in quasi-one-dimensional systems Supplemented with a great number of references, and covering fundamental as well advanced topics, this text provides a valuable reference for both graduate students and senior researchers investigating materials in physics, chemistry, and biology. It is also an excellent starting point for those who want to pursue research in the field of ultrafast optics and spectroscopy.
Second Edition provides up-to-the-minute discussions on the application of mass spectrometry to the biological sciences. Shows how and why experiments are performed and furnishes details to facilitate duplication of results.
Stimulated by the increasing importance of chiral molecules as pharmaceuticals and the need for enantiomerically pure drugs, techniques in chiral chemistry have been expanded and refined, especially in the areas of chromatography, asymmetric synthesis, and spectroscopic methods for chiral molecule structural characterization. In addition to synthetic chiral molecules, naturally occurring molecules, which are invariably chiral and generally enantiomerically enriched, are of potential interest as leads for new drugs. VCD Spectroscopy for Organic Chemists discusses the applications of vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy to the structural characterization of chiral organic molecules. The book provides all of the information about VCD spectroscopy that an organic chemist needs in order to make use of the technique. The authors, experts responsible for much of the existing literature in this field, discuss the experimental measurement of VCD and the theoretical prediction of VCD. In addition, they evaluate the advantages and limitations of the technique in determining molecular structure. Given the availability of commercial VCD instrumentation and quantum chemistry software, it became possible in the late 1990s for chemists to use VCD in elucidating the stereochemistries of chiral organic molecules. This book helps organic chemists become more aware of the utility of VCD spectroscopy and provides them with sufficient knowledge to incorporate the technique into their own research.
A teaching tool intended to complement existing books on the theory of materials science, metallurgy, and electron microscopy, this text focuses on metals and alloys. It visualizes key structural elements common to crystalline materials, including crystal lattice imperfections, along with the principles and steps involved in the microstructure development in metallic materials under external influences. Designed as an atlas, Microstructure of Metals and Alloys contains a collection of carefully selected original transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs taken by the authors. These images demonstrate typical crystal lattice defects, elements of the microstructure of metals and alloys, and the basic processes occurring to the crystal structure during plastic deformation, polygonization, recrystallization, and rapid solidification. The book is organized into six chapters. Each deals with a particular problem in the field of physical metallurgy, and begins with a description of the basic concept and terms. These descriptions enable readers to achieve a better understanding of the essential issues relevant to specific challenges. Providing comprehensive, illustrative coverage of the basic topics in materials science, this important work emphasizes fundamental principles over specific materials, in a manner that is fully consistent with the contemporary tendency in materials science teaching.
Over the past decade, a myriad of techniques have shown that solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used in a broad spectrum of applications with exceptionally impressive results. Solid-state NMR results can yield high-resolution details on the structure and function of many important biological solids, including viruses, fibril-forming molecules, and molecules embedded in the cell membrane. Filling a void in the current literature, NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Solids examines all the recent developments, implementation, and interpretation of solid-state NMR experiments and the advantages of applying them to biological systems. The book emphasizes how these techniques can be used to realize the structure of non-crystalline systems of any size. It explains how these isotropic and anisotropic couplings interactions are used to determine atomic-level structures of biological molecules in a non-soluble state and extrapolate the three-dimensional structure of membrane proteins using magic-angle spinning (MAS). The book also focuses on the use of multidimensional solid-state NMR methods in the study of aligned systems to provide basic information about the mechanisms of action of a variety of biologically active molecules. Addressing principles, methods, and applications, this book provides a critical selection of solid-state NMR methods for solving a wide range of practical problems that arise in both academic and industrial research of biomolecules in the solid state. NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Solids is a forward-thinking resource for students and researchers in analytical chemistry, bioengineering, material sciences, and structural genomics.
Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides: Magnetic and Hyperfine Interactions represents the sixth and final book by the late Brian Wybourne, an accomplished pioneer in the spectroscopy of rare earth ions, and Lidia Smentek, a leading theoretical physicist in the field. The book provides a definitive and up-to-date theoretical description of spectroscopic properties of lanthanides doped in various materials. The book integrates computer-assisted calculations developed since Wybourne's classic publication on the topic. It contains useful Maple (TM) routines, discussions, and new aspects of the theory of f-electron systems. Establishing a unified basis for understanding state-of-the-art applications and techniques used in the field, the book reviews fundamentals based on Wybourne's graduate lectures, which include the theory of nuclei, the theory of angular momentum, Racah algebra, and effective tensor operators. It then describes magnetic and hyperfine interactions and their impact on the energy structure and transition amplitudes of the lanthanide ions. The text culminates with a relativistic description of f f electric and magnetic dipole transitions, covering sensitized luminescence and a new parametrization scheme of f-spectra. Optical Spectroscopy of Lanthanides enables scientists to construct accurate and reliable theoretical models to elucidate lanthanides and their properties. This text is ideal for exploring a range of lanthanide applications including electronic data storage, lasers, superconductors, medicine, nuclear engineering, and nanomaterials.
This volume details the principles and instrumentation of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG-MS), and outlines industrial, environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical, toxicological, forensic and food-related applications, revealing findings from the laboratories of 40 contributing scientists around the world using GC-MS in practice. It describes upstream and downstream applications of GC-MS in the petroleum industry and identifies chlorinated compounds in the environment with quadrupole ion-trap technology and high-resolution sector instruments.
Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.
This book shows the electronic, optical and lattice-vibration properties of the two-dimensional materials which are revealed by the Raman spectroscopy. It consists of eleven chapters covering various Raman spectroscopy techniques (ultralow-frequency, resonant Raman spectroscopy, Raman imaging), different kinds of two-dimensional materials (in-plane isotropy and anisotropy materials, van der Waals heterostructures) and their physical properties (double-resonant theory, surface and interface effect). The topics include the theory origin, experimental phenomenon and advanced techniques in this area. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in various fields of condensed matter physics, materials science and engineering.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy has become a mainstream technique for imaging and analysis at atomic resolution and sensitivity, and the authors of this book are widely credited with bringing the field to its present popularity. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy(STEM): Imaging and Analysis will provide a comprehensive explanation of the theory and practice of STEM from introductory to advanced levels, covering the instrument, image formation and scattering theory, and definition and measurement of resolution for both imaging and analysis. The authors will present examples of the use of combined imaging and spectroscopy for solving materials problems in a variety of fields, including condensed matter physics, materials science, catalysis, biology, and nanoscience. Therefore this will be a comprehensive reference for those working in applied fields wishing to use the technique, for graduate students learning microscopy for the first time, and for specialists in other fields of microscopy.
"Solid-State Theory - An Introduction" is a textbook for graduate students of physics and material sciences. Whilst covering the traditional topics of older textbooks, it also takes up new developments in theoretical concepts and materials that are connected with such breakthroughs as the quantum-Hall effects, the high-Tc superconductors, and the low-dimensional systems realized in solids. Thus besides providing the fundamental concepts to describe the physics of the electrons and ions comprising the solid, including their interactions, the book casts a bridge to the experimental facts and gives the reader an excellent insight into current research fields. A compilation of problems makes the book especially valuable to both students and teachers.
Presents chemical state imaging methods useful on distance scales ranging from individual atoms to millimeters. This work is intended for chemists familiar with modern spectroscopies, but includes tutorial material on basic imaging processes for those with little background in the field.
A technique that is useful in the study of pharmaceutical products and biological molecules, polarization IR spectroscopy has undergone continuous development since it first emerged almost 100 years ago. Capturing the state of the science as it exists today, Linearly Polarized IR Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications for Structural Analysis demonstrates how the technique can be properly utilized to obtain important information about the structure and spectral properties of oriented compounds. The book starts with the theoretical basis of linear-dichroic infrared (IR-LD) spectroscopy and then moves on to examine the background of the orientation method of colloid suspensions in a nematic host. It explores the orientation procedure itself, experimental design, and mathematical tools for the interpretation of the IR spectroscopic patterns. Next, the authors describe the structural elucidation of inorganic and organic compounds and glasses. Finally, they discuss applications in pharmaceutical analysis and the chemistry of dyes. Filled with more than 140 illustrations along with a color insert, the book explains both the scope of the polarized IR spectroscopy method as well as its limitations. A powerful source of information not only for specialists in IR spectroscopy, but also for those working in the field of structural analysis, this volume moves the field closer to developing an inherently classical method for the structural characterization of compounds.
This book is an essential reference guide to spectroscopic, physical and biological activity data of over 3500 steroid glycosides, offering the structures and the data of the naturally occurring glycosides of steroids. All compounds are arranged according to the structure of the aglycone, and, in its own class, by the increasing molecular weight, making Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides extremely useful for the structure elucidation of new natural products, particularly glycosides.
Chemometrics in Analytical Spectroscopy provides students and practising analysts with a tutorial guide to the use and application of the more commonly encountered techniques used in processing and interpreting analytical spectroscopic data. In detail the book covers the basic elements of univariate and multivariate data analysis, the acquisition of digital data and signal enhancement by filtering and smoothing, feature selection and extraction, pattern recognition, exploratory data analysis by clustering, and common algorithms in use for multivariate calibration techniques. An appendix is included which serves as an introduction or refresher in matrix algebra. The extensive use of worked examples throughout gives Chemometrics in Analytical Spectroscopy special relevance in teaching and introducing chemometrics to undergraduates and post-graduates undertaking analytical science courses. It assumes only a very moderate level of mathematics, making the material far more accessible than other publications on chemometrics. The book is also ideal for analysts with little specialist background in statistics or mathematical methods, who wish to appreciate the wealth of material published in chemometrics.
This volume on Ultrafast Magnetism is a collection of articles presented at the international "Ultrafast Magnetization Conference" held at the Congress Center in Strasbourg, France, from October 28th to November 1st, 2013. This first conference, which is intended to be held every two years, received a wonderful attendance and gathered scientists from 27 countries in the field of Femtomagnetism, encompassing many theoretical and experimental research subjects related to the spins dynamics in bulk or nanostructured materials. The participants appreciated this unique opportunity for discussing new ideas and debating on various physical interpretations of the reported phenomena. The format of a single session with many oral contributions as well as extensive time for poster presentations allowed researchers to have a detailed overview of the field. Importantly, one could sense that, in addition to studying fundamental magnetic phenomena, ultrafast magnetism has entered in a phase where applied physics and engineering are playing an important role. Several devices are being proposed with exciting R&D perspectives in the near future, in particular for magnetic recording, time resolved magnetic imaging and spin polarized transport, therefore establishing connections between various aspects of modern magnetism. Simultaneously, the diversity of techniques and experimental configurations has flourished during the past years, employing in particular Xrays, visible, infra-red and terahertz radiations. It was also obvious that an important effort is being made for tracking the dynamics of spins and magnetic domains at the nanometer scale, opening the pathway to exciting future developments. The concerted efforts between theoretical and experimental approaches for explaining the dynamical behaviors of angular momentum and energy levels, on different classes of magnetic materials, are worth pointing out. Finally it was unanimously recognized that the quality of the scientific oral and poster presentations contributed to bring the conference to a very high international standard.
This book is an essential reference guide to spectroscopic, physical and biological activity data of over 3500 steroid glycosides, offering the structures and the data of the naturally occurring glycosides of steroids. All compounds are arranged according to the structure of the aglycone, and, in its own class, by the increasing molecular weight, making Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides extremely useful for the structure elucidation of new natural products, particularly glycosides.
This practical and unique textbook explains the core areas of molecular spectroscopy as a classical teacher would. The author carefully explores and explains each concept, walking side by side with the student through carefully constructed text, pedagogy, and derivations to ensure comprehension of the basics before approaching higher level topics. The author incorporates both electric resonance and magnetic resonance in the textbook. Uses boxes to explain more difficult topics and provides derivations to demonstrate "how and why". Includes coverage of electronic and NMR spectroscopy, both in sufficient detail. Discusses the density matrix method and its use in electronic spectroscopy before addressing it in NMR. Includes a chapter on Vibrational and Rotational Coherence Spectroscopy. Each chapter ends with problems with varying level of difficulty.
This book is an essential reference guide to spectroscopic, physical and biological activity data of over 3500 steroid glycosides, offering the structures and the data of the naturally occurring glycosides of steroids. All compounds are arranged according to the structure of the aglycone, and, in its own class, by the increasing molecular weight, making Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides extremely useful for the structure elucidation of new natural products, particularly glycosides.
Molecular recognition, also known as biorecognition, is the heart of all biological interactions. Originating from protein stretching experiments, dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) allows for the extraction of detailed information on the unbinding process of biomolecular complexes. It is becoming progressively more important in biochemical studies and is finding wider applications in areas such as biophysics and polymer science. In six chapters, Dynamic Force Spectroscopy and Biomolecular Recognition covers the most recent ideas and advances in the field of DFS applied to biorecognition: Chapter 1: Reviews the basic and novel aspects of biorecognition and discusses the emerging capabilities of single-molecule techniques to disclose kinetic properties and molecular mechanisms usually hidden in bulk measurements Chapter 2: Describes the basic principle of atomic force microsocopy (AFM) and DFS, with particular attention to instrumental and theoretical aspects more strictly related to the study of biomolecules Chapter 3: Overviews the theoretical background in which experimental data taken in nonequilibrum measurements of biomolecular unbinding forces are extrapolated to equilibrium conditions Chapter 4: Reviews the most common and efficient strategies adopted in DFS experiments to immobilize the interacting biomolecules to the AFM tip and to the substrate Chapter 5: Presents and discusses the most representative aspects related to the analysis of DFS data and the challenges of integrating well-defined criteria to calibrate data in automatic routinary procedures Chapter 6: Overviews the most relevant DFS applications to study biorecognition processes, including the biotin/avidin pair, and selected results on various biological complexes, including antigen/antibody, proteins/DNA, and complexes involved in adhesion processes Chapter 7: Summarizes the main results obtained by DFS applied to study biorecognition processes with forthcoming theoretical and experimental advances Although DFS is a widespread, worldwide technique, no books focused on this subject have been available until now. Dynamic Force Spectroscopy and Biomolecular Recognition provides the state of the art of experimental data analysis and theoretical procedures, making it a useful tool for researchers applying DFS to study biorecognition processes.
This book is a comprehensive summary of 50 years of research from theoretical predictions to experimental confirmation of the manifestation of spin exchange in EPR spectroscopy. The author unfolds the details of comprehensive state of the art of theoretical calculations, which have been proven to become the core of the paradigm shift in spin exchange and set the direction for the future of spin exchange research. The book refers to important experimental data that confirms the theory. It describes the modern protocol for determining the bi-molecular spin exchange rate from the EPR spectra, which will be especially interesting for experimentalists. Given its scope, the book will benefit all researchers engaged in theory and experiments in the area of spin exchange and its manifestations in EPR spectroscopy, where many remarkable applications of the spin probe have been developed.
X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) is a powerful and versatile technique for studying structures of materials in chemistry, physics, biology and other fields. This textbook is a comprehensive, practical guide to carrying out and interpreting XAFS experiments. Assuming only undergraduate-level physics and mathematics, the textbook is ideally suited for graduate students in physics and chemistry starting XAFS-based research. It contains concise executable example programs in Mathematica 7. Supplementary material available at www.cambridge.org/9780521767750 includes Mathematica code from the book, related Mathematica programs, and worked data analysis examples. The textbook addresses experiment, theory, and data analysis, but is not tied to specific data analysis programs or philosophies. This makes it accessible to a broad audience in the sciences, and a useful guide for researchers entering the subject.
Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides serves as an essential reference guide containing spectroscopic, physical and biological activity data of over 3500 steroid glycosides, offering the structures and the data of the naturally occurring glycosides of steroids. All compounds are arranged according to the structure of the aglycone, and, in its own class, according to the increasing molecular weight, making Spectroscopic Data of Steroid Glycosides extremely useful for the structure elucidation of new natural products, particularly glycosides.
Edited by highly cited researchers, Vibrational Spectroscopy of Electrified Interfaces highlights modern vibrational techniques ranging from Raman, infrared and non-linear optical spectroscopy to inelastic electron scattering and their application to study electrified interfaces. Providing molecular-level information on the structure and composition of surfaces and interfaces, this first book available on the topic addresses theory, techniques, and applications across a wide range of interfaces in the physical and biological sciences, including those in biological, geochemical, and power devices such as batteries, solar and fuel cells. |
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