Children in Culture, Revisited follows on from the first volume, Children in Culture , and is composed of a range of chapters, newly written for this collection, which offer further fully inter- and multidisciplinary considerations of childhood as a culturally and historically constructed identity rather than a constant psycho-biological entity.

American literature abounds with orphans who experience adoption or placements that resemble adoption. These narratives do more than describe adventures of children living away from home. They tell an American story of family and national identity. In literature from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, adoption functions as narrative event and trope to recount the American migratory experience, the impact of Calvinist faith, and the growth of democratic individualism.
The literary roots of adoption appear in the discourse of Puritan settlers, who ambivalently took leave of their birth country and portrayed themselves as abandoned offspring. Believing they were chosen children of God, they also prayed for spiritual adoption and emulated God's grace by extending adoption to others. Nineteenth-century literature develops from this idea of adoption as salvation and from simultaneous attachments to the Old World and New. In fiction of the mid-nineteenth century, adoption also reflects the importance of nurture in childrearing and the nation's increased mobility. Middle-class concerns over immigration and urbanization appear in the form of orphancy and are addressed through adoption. For some, adoption signals a fresh start and the opportunity for success without genealogical constraints. Other times, particularly for girls and children of color, it suggests dependence, reflecting contemporary gender and racial biases.
A complex signifier of difference, adoption gives voice to concurrent and sometimes contradictory calls to origins and new beginnings; to feelings of worthiness and unworthiness. In writings from John Winthrop and Cotton Mather to Nathaniel Hawthorne, Louisa May Alcott, and Edith Wharton, Carol Singley reveals how adoption both replicates and challenges genealogical norms, evoking ambivalence and playing a foundational role in the shaping of many of our most dearly held national mythologies.

This collection is the first to focus exclusively on twenty-first-century young adult Gothic fiction. The essays demonstrate how the contemporary resurgence of the Gothic signals anxieties about (and hopes for) young people in the twenty-first century. Changing conceptions of young adults as liminal figures, operating between the modes of child and adult, can be mobilised when combined with Gothic spaces and concepts in texts for young people. In young adult Gothic literature, the crossing of boundaries typical of the Gothic is often motivated by a heterosexual romance plot, in which the human or monstrous female protagonist desires a boy who is not her 'type'. Additionally, as the Gothic works to define what it means to be human - particularly in relation to gender, race, and identity - the volume also examines how contemporary shifts and flashpoints in identity politics are being negotiated under the metaphoric cloak of monstrosity.

This engaging study examines diverse genders and sexualities in a wide range of contemporary fiction for children and young people. Mallan's insights into key dilemmas arising from the texts' treatment of romance, beauty, cyberbodies, queer, and comedy are provocative and trustworthy, and deliver exciting theoretical and social perspectives.

In this highly original collection leading scholars address the largely overlooked genre of childhood writings by major authors, and explore the genesis of genius. The book includes essays on the first writings of Jane Austen, Byron, Elizabeth Barrett, Charlotte and Branwell Bronte, Louisa May Alcott, George Eliot, John Ruskin, Lewis Carroll and Virginia Woolf. All began writing for pleasure as children, and later developed their professional ambitions. In bursts of creative energy, these young authors, as well as those like Daisy Ashford, who wrote only as a child, produced prose, verse, imitation and parody, wild romance and down-to-earth daily records. Their juvenile writings are fascinating both in themselves, and for the promise of greater works to come. The volume includes an invaluable and thorough annotated bibliography of juvenilia, and will stimulate many directions for research in this lively and fascinating topic.

Examines classic and contemporary Jewish and African American children's literature Through close readings of selected titles published since 1945, Jodi Eichler-Levine analyzes what is at stake in portraying religious history for young people, particularly when the histories in question are traumatic ones. In the wake of the Holocaust and lynchings, of the Middle Passage and flight from Eastern Europe's pogroms, children's literature provides diverse and complicated responses to the challenge of representing difficult collective pasts. In reading the work of various prominent authors, including Maurice Sendak, Julius Lester, Jane Yolen, Sydney Taylor, and Virginia Hamilton, Eichler-Levine changes our understanding of North American religions. She illuminates how narratives of both suffering and nostalgia graft future citizens into ideals of American liberal democracy, and into religious communities that can be understood according to recognizable notions of reading, domestic respectability, and national sacrifice. If children are the idealized recipients of the past, what does it mean to tell tales of suffering to children, and can we imagine modes of memory that move past utopian notions of children as our future? Suffer the Little Children asks readers to alter their worldviews about children's literature as an "innocent" enterprise, revisiting the genre in a darker and more unsettled light.

The first book-length look at childhood in Edwardian fiction, this book challenges assumptions that the Edwardian period was simply a continuation of the Victorian or the start of the Modern. Exploring both classics and popular fiction, the authors provide a a compelling picture of the Edwardian fictional cult of childhood.

Parallel zu der oeffentlichen Diskussion um die sozialen und bildungspolitischen Implikationen der Inklusion zeichnet sich auch in den Kinder- und Jugendmedien ein Trend ab, der mit dem Thema mehr oder weniger explizit korrespondiert. Fragen, die aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive besonders interessieren, sind die nach ex/inklusiven asthetischen, thematischen und figuralen Konstellationen in historischer sowie synchroner Perspektive. Dementsprechend fokussieren die Beitrage dieses Bandes aus theoretischer, analytischer und didaktischer Perspektive die Relation von Kinder- und Jugendmedien und Inklusion.

In this new account of the Golden Age of children's fiction, Marah Gubar offers a redefinition of the phenomenon known as the 'cult of the child'. Artful Dodgers looks at the works of Lewis Carroll, Frances Hodgson Burnett, and J. M. Barrie - authors traditionally criticized for arresting the child in a position of iconic innocence - and contends that they in fact rejected this simplistic "child of Nature" paradigm in favor of one based on the child as an artful collaborator. Resisting the Romantic tendency to imagine the child as a pure point of origin, they acknowledge the pervasive power of adult influence, while suggesting that children can and have shared in the shaping of their stories. In her examinations of such classics as Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Treasure Island, and The Secret Garden, Gubar uncovers a childhood culture of collaboration in Victorian England in which the ability to work and play alongside adults was often taken for granted. True, this era saw a host of new efforts to establish a strict dividing line between childhood and adulthood, innocence and experience. But despite strenuous reform efforts, many Victorians remained unconvinced of the separateness and sanctity of childhood, including the most influential participants in the cult of the child. Long condemned for erecting a barrier of sentimental nostalgia between adult and child, many late Victorians are here shown to have resisted this trend by instead conceiving of the child as uniquely capable of artistic and intellectual partnership.

For over half a century, scholars have laboured to show that C. S. Lewis's famed but apparently disorganised Chronicles of Narnia have an underlying symbolic coherence, pointing to such possible unifying themes as the seven sacraments, the seven deadly sins, and the seven books of Spenser's Faerie Queene. None of these explanations has won general acceptance and the structure of Narnia's symbolism has remained a mystery.
Michael Ward has finally solved the enigma. In Planet Narnia he demonstrates that medieval cosmology, a subject which fascinated Lewis throughout his life, provides the imaginative key to the seven novels. Drawing on the whole range of Lewis's writings (including previously unpublished drafts of the Chronicles), Ward reveals how the Narnia stories were designed to express the characteristics of the seven medieval planets - - Jupiter, Mars, Sol, Luna, Mercury, Venus, and Saturn - - planets which Lewis described as "spiritual symbols of permanent value" and "especially worthwhile in our own generation." Using these seven symbols, Lewis secretly constructed the Chronicles so that in each book the plot-line, the ornamental details, and, most important, the portrayal of the Christ-figure of Aslan, all serve to communicate the governing planetary personality. The cosmological theme of each Chronicle is what Lewis called 'the kappa element in romance', the atmospheric essence of a story, everywhere present but nowhere explicit. The reader inhabits this atmosphere and thus imaginatively gains connaitre knowledge of the spiritual character which the tale was created to embody.
Planet Narnia is a ground-breaking study that will provoke a major revaluation not only of theChronicles, but of Lewis's whole literary and theological outlook. Ward uncovers a much subtler writer and thinker than has previously been recognized, whose central interests were hiddenness, immanence, and knowledge by acquaintance.

Radical leftist stories...for children In 1912, a revolutionary chick cries, "Strike down the wall!" and liberates itself from the "egg state." In 1940, ostriches pull their heads out of the sand and unite to fight fascism. In 1972, Baby X grows up without a gender and is happy about it. Rather than teaching children to obey authority, to conform, or to seek redemption through prayer, twentieth-century leftists encouraged children to question the authority of those in power. Tales for Little Rebels collects forty-three mostly out-of-print stories, poems, comic strips, primers, and other texts for children that embody this radical tradition. These pieces reflect the concerns of twentieth-century leftist movements, like peace, civil rights, gender equality, environmental responsibility, and the dignity of labor. They also address the means of achieving these ideals, including taking collective action, developing critical thinking skills, and harnessing the liberating power of the imagination. Some of the authors and illustrators are familiar, including Lucille Clifton, Syd Hoff, Langston Hughes, Walt Kelly, Norma Klein, Munro Leaf, Julius Lester, Eve Merriam, Charlotte Pomerantz, Carl Sandburg, and Dr. Seuss. Others are relatively unknown today, but their work deserves to be remembered. (Each of the pieces includes an introduction and a biographical sketch of the author.) From the anti-advertising message of Johnny Get Your Money's Worth (and Jane Too)! (1938) to the entertaining lessons in ecology provided by The Day They Parachuted Cats on Borneo (1971), and Sandburg's mockery of war in Rootabaga Pigeons (1923), these pieces will thrill readers intrigued by politics and history-and anyone with a love of children's literature, no matter what age.

Die Arbeit stellt anhand dreier Fallstudien dar, wie eine nahere Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Orient interkulturelle Erziehung foerdern kann. Sie konzentriert sich auf drei fur die Orient-Rezeption in der deutschen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur exemplarische Beispiele: die "Tausendundeine Nacht"-Kinderausgaben, Karl Mays "Orient-Zyklus" und die Migrantenliteratur. An den drei Fallbeispielen werden nicht nur ethno- bzw. eurozentrische Weisen der Fremdwahrnehmung (Exotismus und Selbstverherrlichung) untersucht, sondern auch Sachstrukturen, an denen "interkulturelle Erziehung" ansetzen kann. Darin liegt auch die didaktische Relevanz der drei Fallbeispiele. Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Orientbild des jeweiligen Fallbeispiels zielt auf den Abbau der stereotypen und vorurteilsbeladenen Weisen der Orientwahrnehmung zugunsten einer differenzierten und zeitgemassen Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung.

Why did the figure of the girl come to dominate the American imagination from the middle of the nineteenth century into the twentieth? In Consumerism and American Girls' Literature Peter Stoneley looks at how women fictionalized for the girl reader the ways of achieving a powerful social and cultural presence. He explores why and how a scenario of 'buying into womanhood' became, between 1860 and 1940, one of the nation's central allegories, one of its favourite means of negotiating social change. From Jo March to Nancy Drew, girls' fiction operated in dynamic relation to consumerism, performing a series of otherwise awkward manoeuvres: between country and metropolis, uncouth and unspoilt, modern and anti-modern. Covering a wide range of works and authors, this book will be of interest to cultural and literary scholars alike.

Aidan Chambers is currently one of the best and best-known writers of young adult literature in the world, as his recent awards will attest. For his novel Postcards from No Man's Land, he won the 1999 Carnegie Medal Britain's most prestigious award for the most distinguished novel for children or young adults and the 2002 Michael L. Printz Award for best young adult novel when it was published in the U.S. In 2002, Chambers became the first British recipient of the Hans Christian Andersen Award, an international award given every other year in recognition of an author's body of work (sometimes called the counterpart in children's and young adult literature to the Nobel Prize), since the award's inception in 1956. Because he has produced such a large body of diverse works, both critical and creative, because his works have been so widely acclaimed by both reviewers and award committees, and because he has become an integral part of the YA canon, often called the British Cormier because of his complexity and mature themes, it is all too appropriate that author Betty Greenway's examination of Aidan Chambers become the 25th addition to the Scarecrow Studies in Young Adult Literature series. This full-length study integrates the biography, creative writing, and criticism of one of the most important figures in young adult literature and incorporates these strands into a complete picture that will enhance the understanding of readers."

Die Entwicklung digitaler Moeglichkeiten fuhrt zu neuen Translationsformen. Sie verlangt eine UEberprufung von Ansatzen und Theorien und schafft neue Moeglichkeiten fur (sprachvergleichende) theoretische und korpusbasierte Studien. Die Beitrage dieses Bandes gehen den Auswirkungen der technischen Veranderungen auf die Translation selbst sowie auf die sich stetig verandernden bzw. erweiternden Moeglichkeiten der Translationsforschung im digitalen Zeitalter auf den Grund. Dabei decken sie Themenbereiche wie UEbersetzung und Dolmetschen, Untertitelung und Synchronisierung sowie Ausbildung mit neuen Lehrwerken und Tools ab. Der Band geht auf den 10. Internationalen Kongress zu Grundfragen der Translatologie (LICTRA X) zum Thema Translation 4.0 - Translation im digitalen Zeitalter zuruck.

Die zwanzigste Folge des Jahrbuchs im Gedenkjahr 2014 bietet Beitrage zur deutschen und zur franzoesischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur des 1. Weltkriegs von Hans-Heino Ewers und Jana Mikota sowie in UEbersetzung einen Auszug aus der wegweisenden Studie La guerre des enfants 1914-1918 des franzoesischen Historikers Stephane Audoin-Rouzeau. Mit Ramona Herz konnte eine Romanistin gewonnen werden, die eine Spezialistin fur das Werk der Autorin Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont ist. Den Forschungsbericht uber die Pixi-Bucher haben zwei Buchwissenschaftlerinnen verfasst. Den Kreis der Beitrager schliessen ein Germanist aus Irland mit einer Untersuchung zu den Marchen Wilhelm Matthiessens, eine baskische UEbersetzungswissenschaftlerin sowie eine Wiener und eine Moskauer Germanistin.

This book examines a wide range of works written by and about child survivors and victims of the Holocaust. The writers analyzed range from Anne Frank and Saul Friedlander to Ida Fink and Louis Begley; topics covered include the Kindertransport experience, exile to Siberia, living in hiding, Jewish children masquerading as Christian, and ghetto diaries. Throughout, the argument is made that these texts use such similar techniques and structures that children's-eye views of the Holocaust constitute a discrete literary genre.

'this is all a fairy tale...and, therefore, you are not to believe a word of it, even if it is true' The Water-Babies (1863) is one of the strangest and most powerful children's stories ever written. In describing the underwater adventures of Tom, a chimney-sweeper's boy who is transformed into a water-baby after he drowns, Charles Kingsley combined comic fantasy and moral fable to extraordinary effect. Tom's encounters with friendly fish, curious lobsters, and characters such as Mrs Doasyouwouldbedoneby are both an exciting fairy tale and a crash course in evolutionary theory. They also reflect the quirky imagination of one of the great Victorian eccentrics. Tom's adventures are constantly interrupted by Kingsley's sideswipes at contemporary issues such as child labour and the British education system, and they offer a rich satiric take on the great scientific debates of the day. This edition reprints the original complete version of the story, and includes a lively introduction, detailed explanatory notes, and an appendix that reprints Kingsley's first attempt to describe the mysterious creatures that live under the sea.

Die hier versammelten Aufsatze aus mehr als 20 Jahren intensiver Beschaftigung mit der deutschen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur thematisieren vor allem deren Beitrag zur moralischen Erziehung und historischen Bildung seit der Aufklarung. Dabei geht es nicht zuletzt auch um die asthetische, um die spielerisch-humoristische Dimension dieser Literatur im Wechselspiel bzw. im Widerstreit mit ihren erzieherischen Intentionen. Die hierbei untersuchten Texte werden immer wieder gelesen als Zeugnisse einer epochenspezifischen burgerlichen Seelen- und Erziehungsgeschichte im Gewand der Belletristik. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt dieser Sammlung bilden Beitrage zur Entwicklung und zu den verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen jener Sparte zeitgeschichtlicher Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, die seit nunmehr uber 50 Jahren ihren Leserinnen und Lesern den Genozid an den europaischen Juden (Holocaust) vor Augen zu fuhren sucht.

The fairy tales collected by the brothers Grimm are among the best known and most widely-read stories in western literature. In recent years commentators such as Bruno Bettelheim have, usually from a psychological perspective, pondered the underlying meaning of the stories, why children are so enthralled by them, and what effect they have on the developing child. In this book, Ronald Murphy takes five of the best-known tales ("Hansel and Gretel", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Cinderella", "Snow White", and "Sleeping Beauty") and shows that the Grimms saw them as Christian fables. Murphy examines the arguments of previous interpreters of the tales, and demonstrates how they missed the Grimms' intention. His own readings of the five so-called "magical" tales reveal them as the beautiful and inspiring "documents of faith" that the Grimms meant them to be. Offering an entirely new perspective on these often-analyzed tales, Murphy's book will appeal to those concerned with the moral and religious education of children, to students and scholars of folk literature and children's literature, and to the many general readers who are captivated by fairy tales and their meanings.

Viele Klassiker der Weltliteratur verdanken ihren Bekanntheitsgrad nicht zuletzt ihrer Rezeption in Form adaptierter Ausgaben fur junge Leser. Die Autorin dieser historisch-deskriptiven UEbersetzungsstudie zeigt am Beispiel einer Analyse von jeweils neun deutschen Kinder- und Jugendbuchausgaben von Gulliver's Travels und The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn aus verschiedenen Jahrhunderten auf, wie zeit- und kulturspezifische Einstellungen der Bearbeiter die Gestaltung der Zieltexte beeinflussen und welche Folgen dies hat. Neben einem historischen UEberblick uber die Rezeptionsgeschichte der beiden Klassiker in Deutschland bietet die Untersuchung einen Einblick in die Besonderheiten des kinderliterarischen UEbersetzens (wie den Umgang mit Tabuthemen und satirischen Elementen) und spricht grundsatzliche UEbersetzungsprobleme (wie die UEbertragung von Dia- und Soziolekten) an.