Bulgarian private law has always been at crossroads: it has diverse influences from both Western and Eastern Europe, and it has seen many turning points because of Bulgaria's tumultuous past, including a communist regime. This book examines its fascinating and turbulent development from the end of the 19th century to the present day and highlights its distinctive features from a comparative perspective. Its main goal is to foster a better understanding of the current messy state of Bulgarian private law particularly the law of obligations and property law and an appreciation for its rich heritage.The book begins by reflecting on why the study of Bulgarian private law is worthwhile. Literature in the English language on East European laws, especially on Bulgarian law, is scarce. Beyond responding to a gap in knowledge, the author argues that research into Bulgarian law may challenge the traditional taxonomies of comparative law, enrich the understanding of the common lawcivil law divide, showcase the importance of context in legal development, and help address the difficulties of harmonisation of law in the EU. Subsequently, the book provides an overview of the scattered sources of Bulgarian private law, since Bulgaria does not have a civil code. It also traces the turbulent history of Bulgarian private law over the past century and a half to shed light on how the unexpected vibrant patchwork observed today came to be, and shatters myths about Bulgarian law spread due to years of communist censorship. The author then explains the complex fabric of Bulgarian contract law which emerges from legislation, scholarly writing and case law, surveys the hazy realms of tort and unjust enrichment, and examines the fascinating transformations of the right to property which required the re-invention of property law twice over the past 100 years. This is followed by a discussion on whether a reform of Bulgarian private law, including the enactment of a civil code, is necessary, as well as an evaluation of Bulgarian private law's preparedness to help tackle the challenges of the 21st century, such as the digitalisation of trade, environmental problems, the protection of human rights, and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the book recommends and explains, in context, literature for those willing to broaden their understanding of Bulgarian private law. Bulgarian Private Law at Crossroads is written for students, academics, and practitioners interested in comparative law, as well as for any open-minded jurist wishing to discover more about the Bulgarian legal culture.

This publication presents essays written by judges and international experts in labor mediation and arbitration in celebration of the 30th anniversary of ADB's Administrative Tribunal. Among the main topics covered are reflections on key decisions made by the Administrative Tribunal, strengthening the internal justice system, and reliefs and remedies. The publication also looks back on the history of the Administrative Tribunal, along with its commitment to being independent, just, and accessible-as key to lasting industrial peace.

Die deutsche Wirtschaft wird traditionell von mittelstandischen Unternehmen getragen. Viele dieser Unternehmen werden von traditionsbewussten Familienunternehmern gefuhrt. Diese wollen auch nach ihrem Ausstieg erreichen, dass "ihr" Unternehmen von der nachsten Generation, insbesondere den eigenen Kindern, fortgefuhrt wird. Der Generationenwechsel ist eine grosse Herausforderung, da er in der Regel von zahlreichen gesellschaftsrechtlichen und steuerrechtlichen Fragestellungen sowie familieninternen Auseinandersetzungen begleitet wird. Der Autor untersucht, ob die Unterbeteiligung als mittelbare Beteiligungsform dazu geeignet ist, praktikable Antworten bezuglich des Generationenwechsels zu geben und damit die Unternehmensnachfolge in mittelstandischen Unternehmen zu optimieren.

(1) Daraus ist der Beitrag "Der Vergleich im ZivilprozeB - Eine Alternative zum Urteil?" in: Alternative Rechts- formen und Alternativen zum Recht, Jahrbuch fUr Rechts- soziologie und Rechtstheorie Bd. 6, Opladen 1980, S. 279 - 316, entstanden. (2) Vgl. dazu Dieter Leipold, Gerichte und Verfahren fUr geringfUgige Streitigkeiten, in: Peter Gilles (Hrsg.) Humane Justiz, Kronberg/Ts. 1977, S. 91 - 112; John C. Ruhnka, Steven Weller, Small Claims Courts, Williams- burg/Va. (National Center for State Courts) 1978; Barbara Yngvesson, Patricia Hennessey, Small Claims, Complex Disputes: A Review of the Small Claims Litera- ture, in: Law and Society Review 9, 1975, S. 219 - 274. (3) Frank E. A. Sander, Report on the National Conference on Minor Dispute Resolution, American Bar Association 1978. (4) Earl Johnson, Jr., Valerie Kantor, Elizabeth Schwartz Outside the Courts, Denver/Co. (National Center for State Cburts) 1977; Sabine ROhl, Klaus F. ROhl, Alter- nativen zur Justiz? in: Deutsche Richterzeitung 1979, S. 33 - 38; vgl. ferner Sander a.a.O. (Anm. 3), das in Anm. 1 genannte Jahrbuch sowie die Zusammenstellung der umfangreichen amerikanischen Literatur durch Frank E. A. Sander und Frederick E. Snyder, Alternative Methods of Dispute Settlement - A Selected Bibliography, Washington D.C. (American Bar Association) 1979. Die neuere Literatur wird in Anm. 1 zu Kap. I nachgewiesen.

The civil justice system is characterized by a distinct dispute resolution and law enforcement functions, although these functions are not always explicit and their relationship can be vague. People normally turn to this legal system to address an "unjust" situation they encounter. This makes civil justice both socially and economically important, as it may be driven by efficiency or access to justice concerns. The literature suggests that law reform has an uninspiring record in this field. This is because it has, largely, not been considered with a detailed, empirically informed evaluation of proposed solutions. This legal system is complex, and research in this field is correspondingly challenging, interesting, and important. Advancing Civil Justice Reform and Conflict Resolution in Africa and Asia: Comparative Analyses and Case Studies provides significant empirical research findings as well as theoretical reviews and frameworks on a wide array of issues within civil justice and the legal system. This includes topic areas such as access to justice and legal representation, the challenges to developing civil justice, courts and procedures, and civil justice reform. This book is valuable for lawyers, human rights lawyers, court officials, psychologists, social workers, sociologists, consultants, professionals, academicians, students, and researchers working in the field of law, socio-legal studies, sociology, anthropology, political science, social work, social policy, economics, and criminal justice, along with anyone seeking updated information on the current reforms and challenges within the civil justice and legal systems.