For the fourth time, the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) and the Com- tence Network for Technical, Scienti c High Performance Computing in Bavaria (KONWIHR) publishes the results from scienti c projects conducted on the c- puter systems HLRB I and II (High Performance Computer in Bavaria). This book reports the research carried out on the HLRB systems within the last three years and compiles the proceedings of the Third Joint HLRB and KONWIHR Result and Reviewing Workshop (3rd and 4th December 2007) in Garching. In 2000, HLRB I was the rst system in Europe that was capable of performing more than one Tera op/s or one billion oating point operations per second. In 2006 it was replaced by HLRB II. After a substantial upgrade it now achieves a peak performance of more than 62 Tera op/s. To install and operate this powerful system, LRZ had to move to its new facilities in Garching. However, the situation regarding the need for more computation cycles has not changed much since 2000. The demand for higher performance is still present, a trend that is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. Other resources like memory and disk space are currently in suf cient abundance on this new system.

The sexy, elegant design of the Apple PowerBook combined with the Unix-like OS X operating system based on FreeBSD, have once again made OS X the Apple of every hacker s eye. In this unique and engaging book covering the brand new OS X 10.4 Tiger, the world s foremost true hackers unleash the power of OS X for everything form cutting edge research and development to just plain old fun.
OS X 10.4 Tiger is a major upgrade for Mac OS X for running Apple s Macintosh computers and laptops. This book is not a reference to every feature and menu item for OS X. Rather, it teaches hackers of all types from software developers to security professionals to hobbyists, how to use the most powerful (and often obscure) features of OS X for wireless networking, WarDriving, software development, penetration testing, scripting administrative tasks, and much more.
* Analyst reports indicate that OS X sales will double in 2005. OS X Tiger is currently the #1 selling software product on Amazon and the 12-inch PowerBook is the #1 selling laptop
* Only book on the market directly appealing to groundswell of hackers migrating to OS X
* Each chapter written by hacker most commonly associated with that topic, such as Chris Hurley (Roamer) organizer of the World Wide War Drive"

The newest addition to the Harris and Harris family of Digital Design and Computer Architecture books, this RISC-V Edition covers the fundamentals of digital logic design and reinforces logic concepts through the design of a RISC-V microprocessor. Combining an engaging and humorous writing style with an updated and hands-on approach to digital design, this book takes the reader from the fundamentals of digital logic to the actual design of a processor. By the end of this book, readers will be able to build their own RISC-V microprocessor and will have a top-to-bottom understanding of how it works. Beginning with digital logic gates and progressing to the design of combinational and sequential circuits, this book uses these fundamental building blocks as the basis for designing a RISC-V processor. SystemVerilog and VHDL are integrated throughout the text in examples illustrating the methods and techniques for CAD-based circuit design. The companion website includes a chapter on I/O systems with practical examples that show how to use SparkFun's RED-V RedBoard to communicate with peripheral devices such as LCDs, Bluetooth radios, and motors. This book will be a valuable resource for students taking a course that combines digital logic and computer architecture or students taking a two-quarter sequence in digital logic and computer organization/architecture.

Recently, the emergence of wireless and mobile networks has made possible the admission of electronic commerce to a new application and research subject: mobile commerce, defined as the exchange or buying and selling of commodities, services, or information on the Internet through the use of mobile handheld devices. In just a few years, mobile commerce has emerged from nowhere to become the hottest new trend in business transactions. However, the prosperity and popularity of mobile commerce will be brought to a higher level only if information is securely and safely exchanged among end systems (mobile users and content providers). Advances in Security and Payment Methods for Mobile Commerce includes high-quality research papers and industrial and practice articles in the areas of mobile commerce security and payment from academics and industrialists. It covers research and development results of lasting significance in the theory, design, implementation, analysis, and application of mobile commerce security and payment.

This fully revised and updated second edition of Understanding Digital Libraries focuses on the challenges faced by both librarians and computer scientists in a field that has been dramatically altered by the growth of the Web.
At every turn, the goal is practical: to show you how things you might need to do are already being done, or how they can be done. The first part of the book is devoted to technology and examines issues such as varying media requirements, indexing and classification, networks and distribution, and presentation. The second part of the book is concerned with the human contexts in which digital libraries function. Here you ll find specific and useful information on usability, preservation, scientific applications, and thorny legal and economic questions.
- Thoroughly updated and expanded from original edition to include recent research, case studies and new technologies
- For librarians and technologists alike, this book provides a thorough introduction to the interdisciplinary science of digital libraries
- Written by Michael Lesk, a legend in computer science and a leading figure in the digital library field.
- Provides insights into the integration of both the technical and non-technical aspects of digital libraries"

Before slim laptops that fit into briefcases, computers looked like strange vending machines, with cryptic switches and pages of encoded output. But in 1977 Steve Wozniak revolutionized the computer industry with his invention of the first personal computer. As the sole inventor of the Apple I and II computers, Wozniak has enjoyed wealth, fame, and the most coveted awards an engineer can receive, and he tells his story here for the first time.

Synthesis Techniques and Optimization for Reconfigurable Systems discusses methods used to model reconfigurable applications at the system level, many of which could be incorporated directly into modern compilers. The book also discusses a framework for reconfigurable system synthesis, which bridges the gap between application-level compiler analysis and high-level device synthesis. The development of this framework (discussed in Chapter 5), and the creation of application analysis which further optimize its output (discussed in Chapters 7, 8, and 9), represent over four years of rigorous investigation within UCLA's Embedded and Reconfigurable Laboratory (ERLab) and UCSB's Extensible, Programmable and Reconfigirable Embedded SystemS (ExPRESS) Group. The research of these systems has not yet matured, and we continually strive to develop data and methods, which will extend the collective understanding of reconfigurable system synthesis.
Synthesis Techniques and Optimization for Reconfigurable Systems assumes a basic understanding of logic design, hardware synthesis (from high-level architecture generation down to placement and routing), and the structure and form of high-level application constructs (such as loops and branches). However, this book may be read and used in the absence of such background knowledge. This text is aimed at researchers and system-level designers (both academic and industrial), but could easily be used as the text of graduate-level course on reconfigurable system synthesis techniques.

A number of widely used contemporary processors have instruction-set extensions for improved performance in multi-media applications. The aim is to allow operations to proceed on multiple pixels each clock cycle. Such instruction-sets have been incorporated both in specialist DSPchips such as the Texas C62xx (Texas Instruments, 1998) and in general purpose CPU chips like the Intel IA32 (Intel, 2000) or the AMD K6 (Advanced Micro Devices, 1999). These instruction-set extensions are typically based on the Single Instruc tion-stream Multiple Data-stream (SIMD) model in which a single instruction causes the same mathematical operation to be carried out on several operands, or pairs of operands, at the same time. The level or parallelism supported ranges from two floating point operations, at a time on the AMD K6 architecture to 16 byte operations at a time on the Intel P4 architecture. Whereas processor architectures are moving towards greater levels of parallelism, the most widely used programming languages such as C, Java and Delphi are structured around a model of computation in which operations takeplace on a single value at a time. This was appropriate when processors worked this way, but has become an impediment to programmers seeking to make use of the performance offered by multi-media instruction -sets. The introduction of SIMD instruction sets (Peleg et al."

This book provides a comprehensive treatment of security in the widely adopted, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The authors present the fundamental principles of RFID cryptography in a manner accessible to a broad range of readers, enabling them to improve their RFID security design. This book also offers the reader a range of interesting topics portraying the current state-of-the-art in RFID technology and how it can be integrated with today's Internet of Things (IoT) vision. The authors describe a first-of-its-kind, lightweight symmetric authenticated encryption cipher called Redundant Bit Security (RBS), which enables significant, multi-faceted performance improvements compared to existing cryptosystems. This book is a must-read for anyone aiming to overcome the constraints of practical implementation in RFID security technologies.

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to Internetware, covering aspects ranging from the fundamental principles and engineering methodologies to operational platforms, quality measurements and assurance and future directions. It also includes guidelines and numerous representative real-world case studies that serve as an invaluable reference resource for software engineers involved in the development of Internetware applications. Providing a detailed analysis of current trends in modern software engineering in the Internet, it offers an essential blueprint and an important contribution to the research on software engineering and systems for future Internet computing.

One of the biggest challenges in chip and system design is determining whether the hardware works correctly. That is the job of functional verification engineers and they are the audience for this comprehensive text from three top industry professionals.
As designs increase in complexity, so has the value of verification engineers within the hardware design team. In fact, the need for skilled verification engineers has grown dramatically--functional verification now consumes between 40 and 70% of a project's labor, and about half its cost. Currently there are very few books on verification for engineers, and none that cover the subject as comprehensively as this text.
A key strength of this book is that it describes the entire verification cycle and details each stage. The organization of the book follows the cycle, demonstrating how functional verification engages all aspects of the overall design effort and how individual cycle stages relate to the larger design process. Throughout the text, the authors leverage their 35 plus years experience in functional verification, providing examples and case studies, and focusing on the skills, methods, and tools needed to complete each verification task. Additionally, the major vendors (Mentor Graphics, Cadence Design Systems, Verisity, and Synopsys) have implemented key examples from the text and made these available on line, so that the reader can test out the methods described in the text.
* Comprehensive overview of the complete verification cycle
* Combines industry experience with a strong emphasis on functional verification fundamentals
* Includes real-world case studies and downloadable software implementations of key examples from the major vendors (Mentor Graphics, Cadence Design Systems, Verisity, and Synopsys)

This book discusses major milestones in Rohit Jivanlal Parikh's scholarly work. Highlighting the transition in Parikh's interest from formal languages to natural languages, and how he approached Wittgenstein's philosophy of language, it traces the academic trajectory of a brilliant scholar whose work opened up various new avenues in research. This volume is part of Springer's book series Outstanding Contributions to Logic, and honours Rohit Parikh and his works in many ways. Parikh is a leader in the realm of ideas, offering concepts and definitions that enrich the field and lead to new research directions. Parikh has contributed to a variety of areas in logic, computer science and game theory. In mathematical logic his contributions have been in recursive function theory, proof theory and non-standard analysis; in computer science, in the areas of modal, temporal and dynamic logics of programs and semantics of programs, as well as logics of knowledge; in artificial intelligence in the area of belief revision; and in game theory in the formal analysis of social procedures, with a strong undercurrent of philosophy running through all his work.This is not a collection of articles limited to one theme, or even directly connected to specific works by Parikh, but instead all papers are inspired and influenced by Parikh in some way, adding structures to and enriching "Parikh-land". The book presents a brochure-like overview of Parikh-land before providing an "introductory video" on the sights and sounds that you experience when reading the book.

This book is intended as a system engineer's compendium, explaining the dependencies and technical interactions between the onboard computer hardware, the onboard software and the spacecraft operations from ground. After a brief introduction on the subsequent development in all three fields over the spacecraft engineering phases each of the main topis is treated in depth in a separate part. The features of today's onboard computers are explained at hand of their historic evolution over the decades from the early days of spaceflight up to today. Latest system-on-chip processor architectures are treated as well as all onboard computer major components. After the onboard computer hardware the corresponding software is treated in a separate part. Both the software static architecture as well as the dynamic architecture are covered, and development technologies as well as software verification approaches are included. Following these two parts on the onboard architecture, the last part covers the concepts of spacecraft operations from ground. This includes the nominal operations concepts, the redundancy concept and the topic of failure detection, isolation and recovery. The baseline examples in the book are taken from the domain of satellites and deep space probes. The principles and many cited standards on spacecraft commanding, hardware and software however also apply to other space applications like launchers. The book is equally applicable for students as well for system engineers in space industry.

Location-based services (LBS) are a new concept integrating a user s geographic location with the general notion of services, such as dialing an emergency number from a cell phone or using a navigation system in a car. Incorporating both mobile communication and spatial data, these applications represent a novel challenge both conceptually and technically.
The purpose of this book is to describe, in an accessible fashion, the various concepts underlying mobile location-based services. These range from general application-related ideas to technical aspects. Each chapter starts with a high level of abstraction and drills down to the technical details. Contributors examine each application from all necessary perspectives, namely, requirements, services, data, and scalability. An illustrative example begins early in the book and runs throughout, serving as a reference.
. This book defines the LBS field and identifies its capabilities, challenges, and technologies.
. The contributors are recognized experts from academia and industry.
. Coverage includes navigation systems, middleware, interoperability, standards, and mobile communications.
. A sample application, the "find-friend" application, is used throughout the book to integrate the concepts discussed in each chapter."

This book shows readers how to develop energy-efficient algorithms and hardware architectures to enable high-definition 3D video coding on resource-constrained embedded devices. Users of the Multiview Video Coding (MVC) standard face the challenge of exploiting its 3D video-specific coding tools for increasing compression efficiency at the cost of increasing computational complexity and, consequently, the energy consumption. This book enables readers to reduce the multiview video coding energy consumption through jointly considering the algorithmic and architectural levels. Coverage includes an introduction to 3D videos and an extensive discussion of the current state-of-the-art of 3D video coding, as well as energy-efficient algorithms for 3D video coding and energy-efficient hardware architecture for 3D video coding.

Software-based cryptography can be used for security applications where data traffic is not too large and low encryption rate is tolerable. But hardware methods are more suitable where speed and real-time encryption are needed. Until now, there has been no book explaining how cryptographic algorithms can be implemented on reconfigurable hardware devices. This book covers computational methods, computer arithmetic algorithms, and design improvement techniques needed to implement efficient cryptographic algorithms in FPGA reconfigurable hardware platforms. The author emphasizes the practical aspects of reconfigurable hardware design, explaining the basic mathematics involved, and giving a comprehensive description of state-of-the-art implementation techniques.

This book presents the methodologies and for embedded systems design, using field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices, for the most modern applications. Coverage includes state-of-the-art research from academia and industry on a wide range of topics, including applications, advanced electronic design automation (EDA), novel system architectures, embedded processors, arithmetic, and dynamic reconfiguration.

Intelligent systems are now being used more commonly than in the past. These involve cognitive, evolving and artificial-life, robotic, and decision making systems, to name a few. Due to the tremendous speed of development, on both fundamental and technological levels, it is virtually impossible to offer an up-to-date, yet comprehensive overview of this field. Nevertheless, the need for a volume presenting recent developments and trends in this domain is huge, and the demand for such a volume is continually increasing in industrial and academic engineering 1 communities. Although there are a few volumes devoted to similar issues, none offer a comprehensive coverage of the field; moreover they risk rapidly becoming obsolete. The editors of this volume cannot pretend to fill such a large gap. However, it is the editors' intention to fill a significant part of this gap. A comprehensive coverage of the field should include topics such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, neuro-fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, evolvable hardware, cellular automata-based systems, and various types of artificial life-system implementations, including autonomous robots. In this volume, we have focused on the first five topics listed above. The volume is composed of four parts, each part being divided into chapters, with the exception of part 4. In Part 1, the topics of "Evolvable Hardware and GAs" are addressed. In Chapter 1, "Automated Design Synthesis and Partitioning for Adaptive Reconfigurable Hardware," Ranga Vemuri and co-authors present state-of-the-art adaptive architectures, their classification, and their applications."

More than ever before, energy is becoming one of the most crucial concerns in economical and industrial development. ""Intelligent Information Systems and Knowledge Management for Energy: Applications for Decision Support, Usage, and Environmental Protection"" provides in-depth analysis of the need for a holistic approach for the construction and engineering of cities and societies. This defining body of research examines key issues and approaches for energy use and provides future direction of development as well.

For the first time, this up-to-date text combines the main issues of the hardware description language VHDL-AMS aimed at model representation of mixed-signal circuits and systems, characterization methods and tools for the extraction of model parameters, and modelling methodologies for accurate high-level behavioural models.

This book provides an introduction to the emerging area of "Brain-Machine Interfaces," with emphasis on the operation and practical design aspects. The book will help both electrical & bioengineers as well as neuroscience investigators to learn about the next generation brain-machine interfaces. The comprehensive review and design analysis will be very helpful for researchers who are new to this area or interested in the study of the brain. The in-depth discussion of practical design issues especially in animal experiments will also be valuable for experienced researchers.

Future Data and Knowledge Base Systems will require new functionalities: richer data modelling capabilities, more powerful query languages, and new concepts of query answers. Future query languages will include functionalities such as hypothetical reasoning, abductive reasoning, modal reasoning, and metareasoning, involving knowledge and belief. Intentional answers will lead to cooperative query answering in which the answer to a query takes into consideration user's expectations. Non-classical logic plays an important role in this book for the formalization of new queries and new answers. It is shown how logic permits precise definitions for concepts like cooperative answers, subjective queries, or reliable sources of information, and gives a precise framework for reasoning about these complex concepts. It is worth noting that advances in knowledge management are not just an application domain for existing results in logic, but also require new developments in logic. The book is organized into 10 chapters which cover the areas of cooperative query answering (in the first three chapters), metareasoning and abductive reasoning (chapters 5 to 7), and, finally, hypothetical and subjunctive reasoning (last three chapters).