This book provides an introduction to the emerging area of "Brain-Machine Interfaces," with emphasis on the operation and practical design aspects. The book will help both electrical & bioengineers as well as neuroscience investigators to learn about the next generation brain-machine interfaces. The comprehensive review and design analysis will be very helpful for researchers who are new to this area or interested in the study of the brain. The in-depth discussion of practical design issues especially in animal experiments will also be valuable for experienced researchers.

Future Data and Knowledge Base Systems will require new functionalities: richer data modelling capabilities, more powerful query languages, and new concepts of query answers. Future query languages will include functionalities such as hypothetical reasoning, abductive reasoning, modal reasoning, and metareasoning, involving knowledge and belief. Intentional answers will lead to cooperative query answering in which the answer to a query takes into consideration user's expectations. Non-classical logic plays an important role in this book for the formalization of new queries and new answers. It is shown how logic permits precise definitions for concepts like cooperative answers, subjective queries, or reliable sources of information, and gives a precise framework for reasoning about these complex concepts. It is worth noting that advances in knowledge management are not just an application domain for existing results in logic, but also require new developments in logic. The book is organized into 10 chapters which cover the areas of cooperative query answering (in the first three chapters), metareasoning and abductive reasoning (chapters 5 to 7), and, finally, hypothetical and subjunctive reasoning (last three chapters).

Industrial machines, automobiles, airplanes, robots, and machines are among the myriad possible hosts of embedded systems. The author researches robotic vehicles and remote operated vehicles (ROVs), especially Underwater Robotic Vehicles (URVs), used for a wide range of applications such as exploring oceans, monitoring environments, and supporting operations in extreme environments. Embedded Mechatronics System Design for Uncertain Environments has been prepared for those who seek to easily develop and design embedded systems for control purposes in robotic vehicles. It reflects the multidisciplinarily of embedded systems from initial concepts (mechanical and electrical) to the modelling and simulation (mathematical relationships), creating graphical-user interface (software) and their actual implementations (mechatronics system testing). The author proposes new solutions for the prototyping, simulation, testing, and design of real-time systems using standard PC hardware including Linux (R), Raspbian (R), ARDUINO (R), and MATLAB (R) xPC Target.

Networks on Chip presents a variety of topics, problems and approaches with the common theme to systematically organize the on-chip communication in the form of a regular, shared communication network on chip, an NoC for short.

As the number of processor cores and IP blocks integrated on a single chip is steadily growing, a systematic approach to design the communication infrastructure becomes necessary. Different variants of packed switched on-chip networks have been proposed by several groups during the past two years. This book summarizes the state of the art of these efforts and discusses the major issues from the physical integration to architecture to operating systems and application interfaces. It also provides a guideline and vision about the direction this field is moving to. Moreover, the book outlines the consequences of adopting design platforms based on packet switched network. The consequences may in fact be far reaching because many of the topics of distributed systems, distributed real-time systems, fault tolerant systems, parallel computer architecture, parallel programming as well as traditional system-on-chip issues will appear relevant but within the constraints of a single chip VLSI implementation.

The book is organized in three parts. The first deals with system design and methodology issues. The second presents problems and solutions concerning the hardware and the basic communication infrastructure. Finally, the third part covers operating system, embedded software and application. However, communication from the physical to the application level is a central theme throughout the book.

The book serves as an excellent reference source and may be usedas a text for advanced courses on the subject.

This book presents exact, that is minimal, solutions to individual steps in the design process for Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs), as well as a one-pass approach that combines all these steps in a single process. All of the approaches discussed are based on a formal model that can easily be extended to cope with further design problems. In addition to the exact methods, heuristic approaches are provided and the complexity classes of various design problems are determined. Presents exact methods to tackle a variety of design problems for Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs); Describes an holistic, one-pass approach solving different design steps all at once; Based on a formal model of DMFBs that is easily adaptable to deal with further design tasks.

Parallel Computing is a compelling vision of how computation can seamlessly scale from a single processor to virtually limitless computing power. Unfortunately, the scaling of application performance has not matched peak speed, and the programming burden for these machines remains heavy. The applications must be programmed to exploit parallelism in the most efficient way possible. Today, the responsibility for achieving the vision of scalable parallelism remains in the hands of the application developer.

This book represents the collected knowledge and experience of over 60 leading parallel computing researchers. They offer students, scientists and engineers a complete sourcebook with solid coverage of parallel computing hardware, programming considerations, algorithms, software and enabling technologies, as well as several parallel application case studies. The Sourcebook of Parallel Computing offers extensive tutorials and detailed documentation of the advanced strategies produced by research over the last two decades
application case studies. The Sourcebook of Parallel Computing offers extensive tutorials and detailed documentation of the advanced strategies produced by research over the last two decades
* Provides a solid background in parallel computing technologies
* Examines the technologies available and teaches students and practitioners how to select and apply them
* Presents case studies in a range of application areas including Chemistry, Image Processing, Data Mining, Ocean Modeling and Earthquake Simulation
* Considers the future development of parallel computing technologies and the kinds of applications they will support

Systems Performance, Second Edition, covers concepts, strategy, tools, and tuning for operating systems and applications, using Linux-based operating systems as the primary example. A deep understanding of these tools and techniques is critical for developers today. Implementing the strategies described in this thoroughly revised and updated edition can lead to a better end-user experience and lower costs, especially for cloud computing environments that charge by the OS instance. Systems performance expert and best-selling author Brendan Gregg summarizes relevant operating system, hardware, and application theory to quickly get professionals up to speed even if they have never analyzed performance before. Gregg then provides in-depth explanations of the latest tools and techniques, including extended BPF, and shows how to get the most out of cloud, web, and large-scale enterprise systems. Key topics covered include Hardware, kernel, and application internals, and how they perform Methodologies for rapid performance analysis of complex systems Optimizing CPU, memory, file system, disk, and networking usage Sophisticated profiling and tracing with perf, Ftrace, and BPF (BCC and bpftrace) Performance challenges associated with cloud computing hypervisors Benchmarking more effectively Featuring up-to-date coverage of Linux operating systems and environments, Systems Performance, Second Edition, also addresses issues that apply to any computer system. The book will be a go-to reference for many years to come and, like the first edition, required reading at leading tech companies. Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.

The primary objective of this book is to teach the architectures, design principles, and troubleshooting techniques of a LAN. This will be imparted through the presentation of a broad scope of data and computer communication standards, real-world inter-networking techniques, architectures, hardware, software, protocols, technologies and services as they relate to the design, implementation and troubleshooting of a LAN. The logical and physical design of hardware and software is not the only process involved in the design and implementation of a LAN. The latter also encompasses many other aspects including making the business case, compiling the requirements, choosing the technology, planning for capacity, selecting the vendor, and weighing all the issues before the actual design begins.

Cryptography in Chinese consists of two characters meaning "secret coded." Thanks to Ch'in Chiu-Shao and his successors, the Chinese Remainder Theorem became a cornerstone of public key cryptography. Today, as we observe the constant usage of high-speed computers interconnected via the Internet, we realize that cryptography and its related applications have developed far beyond "secret coding." China, which is rapidly developing in all areas of technology, is also writing a new page of history in cryptography. As more and more Chinese become recognized as leading researchers in a variety of topics in cryptography, it is not surprising that many of them are Professor Xiao's former students.

Progress on Cryptography: 25 Years of Cryptography in China is a compilation of papers presented at an international workshop in conjunction with the ChinaCrypt, 2004. After 20 years, the research interests of the group have extended to a variety of areas in cryptography. This edited volume includes 32 contributed chapters. The material will cover a range of topics, from mathematical results of cryptography to practical applications. This book also includes a sample of research, conducted by Professor Xiao's former and current students.

Progress on Cryptography: 25 Years of Cryptography in China is designed for a professional audience, composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text for graduate-level students in computer science, mathematics and engineering.

Data warehouses have captured the attention of practitioners and researchers alike. But the design and optimization of data warehouses remains an art rather than a science. This book presents the first comparative review of the state of the art and best current practice of data warehouses. It covers source and data integration, multidimensional aggregation, query optimization, update propagation, metadata management, quality assessment, and design optimization. Also, based on results of the European Data Warehouse Quality project, it offers a conceptual framework by which the architecture and quality of data warehouse efforts can be assessed and improved using enriched metadata management combined with advanced techniques from databases, business modeling, and artificial intelligence. For researchers and database professionals in academia and industry, the book offers an excellent introduction to the issues of quality and metadata usage in the context of data warehouses.

This book covers state-of-the art techniques for high-level modeling and validation of complex hardware/software systems, including those with multicore architectures. Readers will learn to avoid time-consuming and error-prone validation from the comprehensive coverage of system-level validation, including high-level modeling of designs and faults, automated generation of directed tests, and efficient validation methodology using directed tests and assertions. The methodologies described in this book will help designers to improve the quality of their validation, performing as much validation as possible in the early stages of the design, while reducing the overall validation effort and cost.

High Performance Computing Systems and Applications contains fully refereed papers from the 15th Annual Symposium on High Performance Computing. These papers cover both fundamental and applied topics in HPC: parallel algorithms, distributed systems and architectures, distributed memory and performance, high level applications, tools and solvers, numerical methods and simulation, advanced computing systems, and the emerging area of computational grids.

High Performance Computing Systems and Applications is suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

As the complexity of modern embedded systems increases, it becomes less practical to design monolithic processing platforms. As a result, reconfigurable computing is being adopted widely for more flexible design. Reconfigurable Computers offer the spatial parallelism and fine-grained customizability of application-specific circuits with the postfabrication programmability of software. To make the most of this unique combination of performance and flexibility, designers need to be aware of both hardware and software issues. FPGA users must think not only about the gates needed to perform a computation but also about the software flow that supports the design process. The goal of this book is to help designers become comfortable with these issues, and thus be able to exploit the vast opportunities possible with reconfigurable logic.

This book describes new, fuzzy logic-based mathematical apparatus, which enable readers to work with continuous variables, while implementing whole circuit simulations with speed, similar to gate-level simulators and accuracy, similar to circuit-level simulators. The author demonstrates newly developed principles of digital integrated circuit simulation and optimization that take into consideration various external and internal destabilizing factors, influencing the operation of digital ICs. The discussion includes factors including radiation, ambient temperature, electromagnetic fields, and climatic conditions, as well as non-ideality of interconnects and power rails.

An accessible theoretical analysis of the organizational impact of information technologies. This book examines the many ways in which actors, organizations and technologies are represented through these technologies thus bridging the gap between the abstractions of current theories of organization and the somewhat excessively grounded material on information systems.

This book offers readers a set of new approaches and tools a set of tools and techniques for facing challenges in parallelization with design of embedded systems. It provides an advanced parallel simulation infrastructure for efficient and effective system-level model validation and development so as to build better products in less time. Since parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) has the potential to exploit the underlying parallel computational capability in today's multi-core simulation hosts, the author begins by reviewing the parallelization of discrete event simulation, identifying problems and solutions. She then describes out-of-order parallel discrete event simulation (OoO PDES), a novel approach for efficient validation of system-level designs by aggressively exploiting the parallel capabilities of todays' multi-core PCs. This approach enables readers to design simulators that can fully exploit the parallel processing capability of the multi-core system to achieve fast speed simulation, without loss of simulation and timing accuracy. Based on this parallel simulation infrastructure, the author further describes automatic approaches that help the designer quickly to narrow down the debugging targets in faulty ESL models with parallelism.

This book provides a single-source reference on the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as interconnect material for horizontal, on-chip and 3D interconnects. The authors demonstrate the uses of bundles of CNTs, as innovative conducting material to fabricate interconnect through-silicon vias (TSVs), in order to improve the performance, reliability and integration of 3D integrated circuits (ICs). This book will be first to provide a coherent overview of exploiting carbon nanotubes for 3D interconnects covering aspects from processing, modeling, simulation, characterization and applications. Coverage also includes a thorough presentation of the application of CNTs as horizontal on-chip interconnects which can potentially revolutionize the nanoelectronics industry. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the state-of-the-art on exploiting carbon nanotubes for interconnects for both 2D and 3D integrated circuits.

This book presents a detailed review of high-performance computing infrastructures for next-generation big data and fast data analytics. Features: includes case studies and learning activities throughout the book and self-study exercises in every chapter; presents detailed case studies on social media analytics for intelligent businesses and on big data analytics (BDA) in the healthcare sector; describes the network infrastructure requirements for effective transfer of big data, and the storage infrastructure requirements of applications which generate big data; examines real-time analytics solutions; introduces in-database processing and in-memory analytics techniques for data mining; discusses the use of mainframes for handling real-time big data and the latest types of data management systems for BDA; provides information on the use of cluster, grid and cloud computing systems for BDA; reviews the peer-to-peer techniques and tools and the common information visualization techniques, used in BDA.

This book discusses the opportunities offered by disruptive technologies to overcome the economical and physical limits currently faced by the electronics industry. It provides a new methodology for the fast evaluation of an emerging technology from an architectural prospective and discusses the implications from simple circuits to complex architectures. Several technologies are discussed, ranging from 3-D integration of devices (Phase Change Memories, Monolithic 3-D, Vertical NanoWires-based transistors) to dense 2-D arrangements (Double-Gate Carbon Nanotubes, Sublithographic Nanowires, Lithographic Crossbar arrangements). Novel architectural organizations, as well as the associated tools, are presented in order to explore this freshly opened design space.

Mission-Critical Microsoft Exchange 2000 is the definitive book on how to design and maintain extremely reliable and adaptive Exchange Server messaging systems that rarely crash and that preserve valuable data and services in spite of technical disruptions. E-mail systems are now a primary means of communication for organizations, which can afford e-mail down-time no more than they can afford to be without phones. Further, messaging systems increasingly are supporting vital applications in addition to e-mail, such as workflow and knowledge management, making the data they store both voluminous and incredibly valuable.
Mission-Critical Microsoft Exchange 2000 teaches system designers, administrators and developers the strategies, tools, and best practices they'll need to plan and implement highly-available systems on Exchange 2000 and on earlier versions of Exchange. The book explains Exchange back-up and disaster recovery techniques, Windows clustering technologies for Exchange systems, and security planning to resist messaging-based attacks. Written by Jerry Cochran, an authority on large-scale Exchange systems, Mission-Critical Microsoft Exchange 2000 helps readers create Exchange systems upon which they can build large and growing organizations.
Unique book on a crucial Exchange topic
Part of Digital Press's Exchange Server Cluster
Author is Compaq's expert on high-end Exchange systems

Operating systems kernels are central to the functioning of computers. Security of the overall system, as well as its reliability and responsiveness, depend upon the correct functioning of the kernel. This unique approach - presenting a formal specification of a kernel - starts with basic constructs and develops a set of kernels; proofs are included as part of the text.

This book describes state-of-the-art approaches to Fog Computing, including the background of innovations achieved in recent years. Coverage includes various aspects of fog computing architectures for Internet of Things, driving reasons, variations and case studies. The authors discuss in detail key topics, such as meeting low latency and real-time requirements of applications, interoperability, federation and heterogeneous computing, energy efficiency and mobility, fog and cloud interplay, geo-distribution and location awareness, and case studies in healthcare and smart space applications.

This excellent reference proposes and develops new strategies, methodologies and tools for designing low-power and low-area CMOS pipelined A/D converters. The task is tackled by following a scientifically-consistent approach. The book may also be used as a text for advanced reading on the subject.