The first section in Volume 1 describes the fundamentals of nutrition and aging which include research strategies for the study of nutrition and aging. The nutritional modulation of the aging process which has provided a major breakthrough in the field of nutrition and longevity is also discussed. These include biomedical influences, and social and psychological aspects. Section 3 includes dietary characteristics of the elderly population and methods for the assessment of nutritional status. The nutritional status of the elderly with respect to individual nutrients as determined by dietary survey and by biochemical methods is described in Section 4. Section 4 also includes discussion on nutrient metabolism, requirements, nutritional imbalances, and deficiencies of nutrients. Energy metabolism and obesity as a factor in pathogenesis of diseases are also discussed.

In the first section of Volume 2, toxicological factors affecting nutritional status are discussed. Medications and alcohol may affect nutritional status. Section 2 provides a discussion of nutrition-related diseases which occur more frequently among the elderly. Cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the U.S. The relative importance of cardiovascular diseases, in terms of all deaths for the given age group, rises steadily with age. The death rate from these diseases is 28% for the middle age group (35 to 44) and is 69% for the old age group (age 75 and above. This reflects the continued progression of artherosclerosis with aging. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. The death rate from cancer also rises steadily with age. The death rate from diabetes mellitus increases progressively with age and more rapidly after the age of 45. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is 0.23% under age 25 and 6.2% over 45.

Anthocyanins, polyphenolic compounds abundant in certain foods, are responsible for the orange-red to blue-violet hues evident in many fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, and flowers. Interest in these pigments has intensified due to their potential health-promoting properties as dietary antioxidants, as well as their use as natural dyes in a variety of products. Mechanistic studies from in vitro experiments as well as in vivo clinical trials demonstrate wide-ranging efficacy and biological activity of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in Health and Disease presents the first comprehensive review of modern-day research on the relationship of anthocyanins to human health and disease. Written by an interdisciplinary group of distinguished scientists, this book examines the bioavailability, chemistry, metabolism, and efficacy of anthocyanins, as well as their role in protecting the body from several age- and obesity-related chronic diseases. Chapters cover the absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion of anthocyanins; current methodology for the assessment of anthocyanins in the blood, plasma, urine, and tissues; and anthocyanins as potent antioxidants. The book discusses health-related topics such as anthocyanins and protection against disease, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, and cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. It also addresses health-promoting effects of anthocyanins, namely, maintenance of normal vision and prevention of ocular pathologies, protective effects against skin aging, and their role in innate immunity and exercise. Covering a wide array of specialized knowledge, this book provides an authoritative source of information on the role of anthocyanins in health and disease, an important step toward advancing research and enhancing communication on these functional ingredients.

Current status on coffee production & global market Novel methods and recent developments in the determination of coffee metabolites Advancements in Coffea beans processing technology and improvement of coffee quality Biotechnological advances to improve coffee quality: The role of molecular markers, tissue culture, transgenic technology, and micro RNAs Coffee consumption on human health Knowledge contributions from acknowledged experts from across the world

It is the purpose of this book to try to offer a modern perspective on the importance of vitamins in human biology and medicine. There have been recent revivals of attempts to use vitamins as therapeutic agents by administering doses many times the recommended allowance. This use or 'megavitamin therapy' is reviewed by Dr. Reynold Spector, with particular emphasis on vitamin entry to the central nervous system. Of related interest is the chapter by Dr. John Blass discussing central nervous system manifestations of thiamin deficiency, and also the contribution by Ms. Fiona Cumming and clinical toxicity of vitamin supplementation.

Diet quality is a broad term that encapsulates both perceived and actual practices, personal preferences and cultural diversity. Measuring dietary quality can be problematic and includes investigating food types, the number or size of portions or their frequency. Diet quality may also be related to the type of food being ingested, snacking and other eating habits. Manufactured beverages and fast food may also be included as well as microbiological quality and attempts to improve single food items such as meats or vegetables. In this book, Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 1 all of the major facets of diet quality in relation to health outcomes are covered. This important new text includes methods for determining diet quality while adopting a holistic approach to impart information on the major areas of concern or knowledge. Chapters link in measurable indices of health such as obesity, pregnancy outcomes, cancer and cancer outcomes, and mortality. This book represents a diverse set of subject matters and seeks to fill a gap in the literature at a time when there is an increasing awareness that well-being is associated with the qualitative nature of diets. Contributors are authors of international and national standing and emerging fields of science are incorporated. Diet Quality: An Evidence-Based Approach, Volume 1 is a useful new text designed for nutritionists, dietitians, clinicians, epidemiologist, policy makers and health care professionals of various disciplines.

Proceedings of the 12th International IUMS-ICFMH Symposium, Budapest, Hungary, 12-15 July, 1983

This book introduces the human right to adequate food and nutrition as evolving concept and identifies two structural "disconnects" fueling food insecurity for a billion people, and disproportionally affecting women, children, and rural food producers: the separation of women's rights from their right to adequate food and nutrition, and the fragmented attention to food as commodity and the medicalization of nutritional health. Three conditions arising from these disconnects are discussed: structural violence and discrimination frustrating the realization of women's human rights, as well as their private and public contributions to food and nutrition security for all; many women's experience of their and their children's simultaneously independent and intertwined subjectivities during pregnancy and breastfeeding being poorly understood in human rights law and abused by poorly-regulated food and nutrition industry marketing practices; and the neoliberal economic system's interference both with the autonomy and self-determination of women and their communities and with the strengthening of sustainable diets based on democratically governed local food systems. The book calls for a social movement-led reconceptualization of the right to adequate food toward incorporating gender, women's rights, and nutrition, based on the food sovereignty framework.

Reduced production of DHEA associated with the diseases that accompany aging has led to its use as a nutritional supplement for antiaging, metabolic support, and other purposes. While animal studies have clearly shown substantial benefits of DHEA in combating various disease states, the effect of low levels of DHEA in humans is less established, and the mechanisms of action and potential involvement in illnesses remain unclear. DHEA in Human Health and Aging reviews the past ten years of research into this hormone and explores its potential for future study. With contributions from a cadre of international experts, this volume examines: The biology of DHEA relevant to health in humans Areas of potential clinical importance concerning low levels of DHEA related to age or physiological change Prevention as well as treatment of various human disease states by changing DHEA levels The use of DHEA levels in predicting the risk of disease The role of DHEA in diabetes, fitness, infectious disease, cancer, AIDS, bone health, cardiovascular diseases, autism, and mental health Animal models and their relation to studies done on humans The effects of loss of adrenal gland function, the subsequent reduction in DHEA production, and its replacement as therapy Adverse effects in DHEA-supplemented women Mechanisms of action of DHEA in prostate and ovarian health, vascular modification, stress, memory, aggression, and Alzheimer's disease Covering a wide range of topics, the book is compiled from contributions of experts who have each studied some aspect of DHEA and human or animal health or disease. Every chapter is self-contained, allowing for focused study on individual topics. Edited by one of the leading experts in the field of nutrition, the book presents a compelling view of the state of the science in DHEA.

Melatonin is a powerful hormone and antioxidant with numerous effects on the metabolism and the health of humans. Available as a dietary supplement in the United States since 1993, it is one of the most popular over-the-counter alternative remedies available. Comprising contributions from researchers who have studied the role of melatonin in various disease and physiological states, Melatonin in the Promotion of Health, Second Edition provides a wide variety of expert reviews on the biology of melatonin relevant to health. Beginning with a history of melatonin and its relation to circadian rhythms, the book examines its use in a host of applications, including: Gut motility and gastrointestinal diseases Anesthesia and surgery Bone health Breast cancer Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes Age-related macular degeneration and uveitis Melanoma, solar skin damage, and collagen synthesis The prevention of DNA damage Mental disorders, sleep, and issues related to jet lag and shift work The data gathered from a large number of carefully controlled animal and human studies have clearly implicated melatonin in the control mechanisms of a wide variety of physiological and psychological activities, making it a potent candidate for therapeutic use in the treatment of a diverse range of diseases. This volume demonstrates that continued studies of this molecule raise the exciting prospect of providing new avenues of treating numerous diseases more effectively and with less side-effects than those found in conventional treatment modalities.

In the historical record there is abundant evidence that obesity was a medical and health concern as long as medicine has been practiced. The idea of diet and exercise are bulwarks in the fight against obesity in history from the time of Hippocrates to the 16th century-a span of 2,000 years. However, our scientific understanding of this problem is only a little over 200 years old. An examination of the root cause of what many consider the obesity epidemic, A Guide to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome traces the origins and types of obesity and its treatment. Examining in detail the developing treatment for obesity, this book provides: A history of obesity, including treatment, proposed causes, and perceptions An examination of the causes and problems associated with obesity A discussion of lifestyle, diet, exercise, and treatment strategies A detailed look at the medications and surgeries available for obesity The fact that we have an epidemic of obesity today that is covering the globe suggests that the strategically simple ideas of eating less and exercising more, ideas that require commitment and personal involvement by the individual, have not been very successful. As we move forward in trying to understand this problem, we need to be alert to strategies and tactics that may not require individual motivation and commitment-history has shown that they do not work well. This book supplies guidance on developing and designing novel strategic interventions against obesity and metabolic disorders.

This newly expanded and updated fifth edition will be the largest and most comprehensive of the five editions and new topics and chapter authors have been added. The authors have created the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the nutritional strategies available for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health through nutrition. Patients are looking for credible information from their health care providers about a whole range of subjects covered here, including ss-carotene, lycopene, antioxidants, folate, and the myriad of bioactive phytochemicals found in garlic and other foods. With sections on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and pregnancy among many others, this volume will be of great value to practicing health professionals, including physicians, nutritionists, dentists, pharmacists, dieticians, health educators, policy makers, health economists, regulatory agencies and research investigators. An entire section covers nutrition transitions around the world including Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia as well as goals for preventive nutrition in developing countries. Preventive Nutrition: The Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals, 5th Ed. is an important resource for thousands of health professionals who have been utilizing the previous editions since 1997.

The ultimate companion cookbook to The Diabetes Code from the New York Times-bestselling author and pioneer of intermittent fasting, Dr. Jason Fung. Dr. Jason Fung helped thousands of people lose weight with his breakout bestseller The Obesity Code. Next, he helped prevent and reverse type 2 diabetes with his groundbreaking book The Diabetes Code. Now, The Diabetes Code Cookbook makes it even easier to follow Dr. Fung's proven advice for preventing and reversing type 2 diabetes through intermittent fasting and a low carb/high-fat diet. This cookbook features full-color photographs and includes: 100 simple and delicious recipes to help manage insulin and aid in weight loss Intermittent fasting schedules and plans (16, 24, 30, and 26-hour fasts) Grocery shopping lists A new intro from Dr. Fung with up-to-date information on insulin resistance and its connection to weight gain and type 2 diabetes Readers will come away with knowledge of their health and an arsenal of mouthwatering meals-because eating for type 2 diabetes doesn't have to be bland!

How can huge populations be fed healthily, equitably and affordably while maintaining the ecosystems on which life depends? The evidence of diet's impact on public health and the environment has grown in recent decades, yet changing food supply, consumer habits and economic aspirations proves hard. This book explores what is meant by sustainable diets and why this has to be the goal for the Anthropocene, the current era in which human activities are driving the mismatch of humans and the planet. Food production and consumption are key drivers of transitions already underway, yet policy makers hesitate to reshape public eating habits and tackle the unsustainability of the global food system. The authors propose a multi-criteria approach to sustainable diets, giving equal weight to nutrition and public health, the environment, socio-cultural issues, food quality, economics and governance. This six-pronged approach to sustainable diets brings order and rationality to what either is seen as too complex to handle or is addressed simplistically and ineffectually. The book provides a major overview of this vibrant issue of interdisciplinary and public interest. It outlines the reasons for concern and how actors throughout the food system (governments, producers, civil society and consumers) must engage with (un)sustainable diets.

Personalized nutrition involves the formulation of individualized nutritional recommendations to promote and maintain health based on an individual's genetic makeup and other unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Implementing personalized nutrition plans for individuals with certain diseases or who are in danger of developing health conditions could help control the onset and severity of symptoms. Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases offers a practical guide for physicians seeking to provide tailored dietary recommendations to their patients with disease treatment, modulation and prevention in mind. The book focuses on the biological mechanisms of specific diseases and provides evidence for how personalized nutrition positively impacts them. It explores conditions including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hypercholesteromia, diabetes, obesity, Crohn's disease, as well as multiple pediatric, renal and psychological disorders. Features: * Includes case studies that document how people respond differently towards food depending on their genetic structure and other factors. * Discusses genome wide association studies (GWIMS) to understand the interplay between genetic susceptibility and dietary interactions. * Provides users information to effectively implement personalized nutrition into practice. * Identifies possible challenges to the implementation of personalized nutritional interventions in a clinical setting. This book is for medical practitioners and will also appeal to researchers and students.

Epigenetics is emerging as an important factor in risk of diseases of global importance including obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Unlike gene polymorphisms which have been the focus of understanding the role of inherited disease susceptibility for some time, epigenetic can be modified by environmental factors, in particular nutrition. Thus research into the role of epigenetics in disease has substantial potential for explaining the impact of the environmental factors such as diet on disease risk. Since epigenetic processes can be modified by nutrition, it may be possible to modify inappropriate epigenetic marks by nutritional interventions to reduce disease risk. This book will explore current understanding of the interaction between nutrition, epigenetics and disease risk, will place this knowledge in the context of global health and discuss the ethical implications of this research.

There is a wealth of published research on the health-promoting effects of green tea and its various components including polyphenols. Green Tea Polyphenols: Nutraceuticals of Modern Life presents a collection of global findings on the numerous health benefits of green tea polyphenols, confirming their position as healthy functional ingredients. With chapters contributed by experts in the field of green tea science and the inclusion of extensive references, this book provides an authoritative volume that can be used to guide researchers, scientists, and regulatory bodies. Each chapter previews a specific theme and highlights recent research and development conducted in the field. The book begins with the history, processing, and features of green tea. It then describes the chemical composition and biochemical and physicochemical characteristics, followed by a discussion of the properties of green tea polyphenols, including metabolism, bioavailability, and safety. The subsequent chapters deal with the numerous health benefits associated with consumption of green tea polyphenols. These include benefits related to cancer risk and prevention, cardiovascular disease, protection of internal organs, diabetes and weight management, bone and muscle health, allergies, oral care, inflammation, and gut health. The book addresses the nutrigenomics and proteomics of poyphenols. It also examines food and nonfood applications of green tea polyphenols, such as extracts, supplements, and skin and hair cosmetic products, demonstrating both therapeutic and functional health benefits. This book brings together a wide array of data on green tea polyphenols, providing a greater understanding of them and insight into their effects on human health, and their applications and commercial potential.

Flavonoids exert a multiplicity of biological effects on humans and can have beneficial implications for numerous disease states. Flavonoids and Related Compounds: Bioavailability and Function examines current knowledge regarding the absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of individual flavonoids and related phenolic compounds. Profiling the latest evidence of their impact on various human pathological conditions, the book summarizes current thinking with regard to the biotransformation and conjugation of individual compounds in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, large intestine, and cells. It highlights a topic that has been largely ignored-namely the extent to which dietary phenolics components undergo metabolism in the large intestine. It also explores the generation of bacterially derived metabolites. Individual chapters discuss which metabolites enter the circulatory system and are likely to offer protective actions against human diseases. Edited by internationally recognized leaders in the field, the book presents contributions by a panel of experts who demonstrate the potential of flavonoids in ameliorating a range of disease states, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The research presented in this volume provides a reliable starting point for further inquiry and experimentation.

Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a worldwide, public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Rickets among infants has reemerged. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk and mortality from cancer. At the same time, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on a host of conditions have recently been discovered. Focusing on areas not extensively covered in other comparable books, Vitamin D: Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Aging highlights the most recent research findings on the impact of this nutrient in oxidative stress, immunity, and aging. A state-of-the-art compilation of essential information, this book explores: Vitamin D and its genomic and nongenomic effects, the role of therapeutic analogs in treating disease, and the production of vitamin D by the body The role vitamin D plays in modulating oxidative stress-with emphasis on cancer, stress-mediated diseases, photo-protection of the skin, and energy metabolism Beneficial effects of vitamin D in regulating the immune response and its importance in protecting against autoimmune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases The role vitamin D plays in the regulation of the aging process-including aspects of oxidative stress, senescence, and mortality, as well as its role in protection against cardiovascular disease and nervous system disorders This book represents an important contribution toward understanding the mechanisms by which vitamin D promotes health, increasing awareness of the importance that vitamin D plays during development, at birth, and throughout the aging process. It is a valuable reference for researchers in academia, nutrition, medicine, and industry.

Although acute inflammation is a healthy physiological response indicative of wound healing, chronic inflammation has been directly implicated in a wide range of degenerative human health disorders encompassing almost all present day non-communicable diseases including autoimmune diseases, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Chronic Inflammation: Molecular Pathophysiology, Nutritional and Therapeutic Interventions provides an exposition of the process of chronic inflammation in three parts: Systems Biology of Inflammation and Regulatory Mechanisms describes the process of chronic inflammation including initiation, progression, and resolution. Pathologies Associated with Inflammation gives a rigorous and critical treatment of specific human health disorders where chronic inflammation plays a major role. Nutrition & Therapeutics for Inflammatory Diseases details the protective abilities of structurally diverse antioxidants, phytochemicals, anti-inflammatory diets, omega-3 fatty acids, NSAIDs, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and novel regimens. Designed for scientists as well as clinicians, Chronic Inflammation provides critical understanding of the key checkpoints that regulate chronic inflammation. Going beyond the epidemiology of chronic inflammation, the text covers regulatory mechanisms controlling inflammation initiation, progression, and resolution. The authors address pathologies associated with inflammation and provide various nutritional and therapeutic interventions for inflammatory diseases.

Food antioxidants are of primary importance for the preservation of food quality during processing and storage. However, the status of food depends on a balance of antioxidants and prooxidants occurring in food. Food Oxidants and Antioxidants: Chemical, Biological, and Functional Properties provides a single-volume reference on the effects of naturally occurring and process-generated prooxidants and antioxidants on various aspects of food quality. The book begins with a general introduction to oxidation in food and then characterizes the main oxidants present in food, including enzymatic oxidants. Chapters cover oxidation potential, mechanisms of oxidation of the main food components (proteins and lipids), addition of exogenous oxidants during food processing, and the effects of physical agents such as irradiation, freeze-thawing, and high hydrostatic pressure during processing. The book also discusses the effects of oxidation on sensory characteristics of food components and analyzes how oxidation and antioxidants affect the nutritive and health-promoting features of food components. The text examines natural antioxidants in food, including lesser-known ones such as amino acids and polysaccharides, antioxidants generated in food as a result of processing, mechanisms of antioxidant activity, and measurement of antioxidant activity of food components. It explores the bioavailability of curcuminoid and carotenoids antioxidants and presents case studies on natural food antioxidants, presenting novel extraction methods for preservation of antioxidant activity. The final chapters address functional antioxidant foods and beverages as well as general ideas on the effects of food on the redox homeostasis of the organism.

The first 90 years of vitamin E research has produced prolific and notable discoveries, but until the last few decades, attention has been given mostly to the biological activities and underlying mechanisms of alpha-tocopherol, which we now know is one of more than eight vitamin E isomers. Currently, the non-tocopherol vitamin E molecule tocotrienol has reached a new measure of research height: more than one-third of all vitamin E tocotrienol research of the last 30 years has been published since 2009. The thriving field of tocotrienol research gives ground for publication of Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols, Second Edition, a compilation of the latest tocotrienol research in all new chapters. Highlights Established research, including prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer Emergent research, including angiogenesis, bioavailability, bone health, gastric injury, inflammation, life extension, and skin health Tocopherol interference with tocotrienol functions All new chapters and many new contributors Recognized as potent antioxidants, tocotrienols play a role in cholesterol reduction, tumor suppression, reversal of arteriosclerosis, and protection of the heart against oxidative stress. Compiling contributions from leading researchers, this book overviews tocotrienols, and examines their sources, chemistry, and mechanisms of action. Contributors discuss the role of tocotrienols in the treatment and prevention of cancer and in cardiovascular health, diabetes, and other hormone regulation by tocotrienols. In addition, the book addresses animal and in vitro as well as mechanistic and pre-clinical studies. Dr. Tan discusses the benefits of tocotrienol in a YouTube video.

Increasing scientific evidence suggests that the majority of diseases including cancer are driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, attributed to environmental factors. These factors either drive genetic mutations or epigenetically modify expression of key regulatory genes. These changes can occur as early as gestational fetal development, and major questions remain as to how dietary/nutritional phytochemical factors biochemically interact with such genetic and epigenetic events. With chapters written by international experts, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer: Dietary Approaches for Cancer Prevention examines the latest developments on the effects of various dietary phytochemicals. Divided into nine sections, the book begins with the basic mechanisms of inflammation/oxidative stress-driven cancer, including an overview of the topic and how to prevent carcinogenesis, the role of obesity in inflammation and cancer, and antioxidant properties of some common dietary phytochemicals. Subsequent sections cover cellular signal transduction, molecular targets, and biomarkers of dietary cancer-preventive phytochemicals, as well as their potential challenges with in vivo absorption and pharmacokinetics. The chapters also examine the cancer-preventive properties of various classes of phytochemicals, including vitamins A, D, and E; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids; flavanoids and polyphenols; garlic organosulfur compounds and cruciferous glucosinolates; and selenium, traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and alpha lipoic acid. The final section of the book explores the latest developments on the interactions of dietary phytochemicals through epigenetics and the management of chronic inflammation with nutritional phytochemicals.

In 2010, esteemed researchers gathered at a workshop held at the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. Drawn from these proceedings, Canola and Rapeseed: Production, Processing, Food Quality, and Nutrition presents state-of-the-art information on the chemistry of the minor constituents of canola and rapeseed and their impact on human health. The book also identifies new areas of research and opportunities for the industrial application of functional foods and nutraceuticals from canola and rapeseed. Topics include: The historical development, properties, and performance of canola Characteristics and bioactives of sinapic acid derivatives and the decarboxylation pathways leading to their formation Canola protein processing High omega-9 canola oils and their future applications Modification of Brassica oilseeds Rapid analytical methods for measuring oil content The potential of ultrasound and supercritical fluid extraction for producing value-added by-products The processing of virgin rapeseed oils in Europe Extraction and application of canola protein The frying stability of high-oleic low-linolenic acid canola oils The potential of mustard oil for biodiesel The final chapters demonstrate the health benefits of canola, including antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties. Authored by experienced researchers in the field, the book chapters have been expanded considerably to include a number of areas not contained in the original workshop, providing comprehensive coverage of the potential of this essential crop.