In the post-genomic age, much biomedical research looks at when, where, and at what level genes are expressed. Measuring Gene Expression is an all-in-one introduction to the main methods of measuring gene expression, including RT-PCR, differential display, RNA interference, reporter genes, microarrays, and proteomics, as well as a section on RNA isolation and analysis. There is an overview of each method: its pros and cons, sample preparation, sources of error, and data interpretation.

Now in its second edition, Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation is the most comprehensive resource for DNA casework available today. Written by leaders in the fields of biology and statistics, including a contribution from Peter Gill, the father of DNA analysis, the book emphasizes the interpretation of test results and provides the necessary formulae in an easily accessible manner. This latest edition is fully updated and includes current and emerging techniques in this fast-moving field. The book begins by reviewing all pertinent biology, and then provides information on every aspect of DNA analysis. This includes modern interpretation methods and contemporary population genetic models available for estimating DNA frequencies or likelihood ratios. Following a chapter on procedures for validating databases, the text presents overviews and performance assessments of both modern sampling uncertainty methods and current paternity testing techniques, including new guidelines on paternity testing in alignment with the International Society for Forensic Genetics. Later chapters discuss the latest methods for mixture analysis, LCN (ultra trace) analysis and non-autosomal (mito, X, and Y) DNA analysis. The text concludes with an overview of procedures for disaster victim identification and information on DNA intelligence databases. Highlights of the second edition include: New information about PCR processes, heterozygote balance and back and forward stuttering New information on the interpretation of low template DNA, drop models and continuous models Additional coverage of lineage marker subpopulation effects, mixtures and combinations with autosomal markers This authoritative book provides a link among the biological, forensic, and interpretative domains of the DNA profiling field. It continues to serve as an invaluable resource that allows forensic scientists, technicians, molecular biologists and attorneys to use forensic DNA evidence to its greatest potential.

This volume contains a compilation of techniques and laboratory protocols directly related to RNA nano technology and its applications in nano biotechnology and nano medicine. The chapters in this book cover a wide range of research methods that can be easily comprehended and carried out in a step-by-step manner by graduate students and postdoctoral fellows from diverse scientific disciplines. Some of the covered topics include various biochemical, biophysical and bioinformatics approaches for analyzing RNA structures and properties; methods to analyze the multi-step assembly process of RNA nano architectures; purification of multifunctional RNA nanoparticles by ultracentrifugation and HPLC; real-time detection of RNA nano constructs in vivo; conjugation of imaging, targeting and therapeutic modules to RNA scaffold; and design and characterization of RNA-protein nanostructures. Written in the highly successful Methods of Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and key tips on troubles troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, RNA Nanotechnology and Therapeutics: Methods and Protocols propels the field toward new heights by engaging researchers working in the diverse fields of physical, engineering, and life sciences.

Current genomic research primarily focuses on the decoding of genes and other DNA sequences. For many, the genome simply represents a bag of genes, whereas genes are the functional parts of the system. Therefore understanding the genes will lead to medically applicable results. To point out a new direction in genomic research, this book will discuss that genes and genomes represent distinctive biological entities, and that the genome (rather than individual genes) is the evolutionary selection unit, as the function of a gene is determined by the context of the genome. Accordingly, current genomic research must move beyond sequencing in order to truly decode the genome. To support such a key statement, a series of paradoxes will be addressed leading to the introduction of genome theory. Dr. Heng has been working on a new genome theory for the past 10 years. With this new way of thinking, his group has solved a number of key questions both in cancer biology and evolutionary biology. The recently introduced genome theory of somatic cell- and organismal- evolution has received an increasing amount of attention. With Dr. Heng s first-hand experience, this book will walk readers through the journey of change, from the selfish gene concept to genome chaos, leading the reader to appreciate the ignored genome variation and its important implications to evolution and medicine. This book will outline the new genome based genomic research.

In the tradition of the acclaimed Methods in Molecular Biology series, this collection of more than 500 tried-and-tested PCR protocols will become the standard PCR reference set in all biological science laboratories. Comprehensive in scope, yet easily searchable, these protocols will enable PCR labs to have access to the widest array of PCR protocols available and thus be able to complete any kind of PCR experiment with ease. The protocols are presented in a step-by-step fashion and cover every aspect of PCR, making this an essential reference for all biological scientists.