This book is an integrated approach towards the applications of coal (organic) petrology and discusses the role of this science in the field of coal and coal-related topics.
Coal petrology needs to be seen as a continuum of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals and trace elements) contributions to the total coal structure, with the overprint of coal rank. All this influences the behavior of coal in utilization, the coal by-products, the properties of coal as a reservoir for methane or a sequestration site for carbon dioxide, and the relationships of coal utilization with health and environmental issues.
The interaction of coal properties and coal utilization begins at the mine face. The breakage of the coal in mining influences its subsequent beneficiation. Beneficiation is fundamental to the proper combustion of coal and is vital to the preparation of the feedstock for the production of metallurgical coke. An understanding of basic coal properties is important for achieving reductions in trace element emissions and improving the efficiency of combustion and combined-cycle gasification. The production of methane from coal beds is related to the properties of the in situ coal. Similarly, coal bed sequestration of carbon dioxide produced from combustion is dependent on the reservoir properties. Environmental problems accompany coal on its way from the mine to the point of utilization and beyond. Health aspects related with coal mining and coal utilization are also included because, in planning for coal use, it is impossible to separate environmental and health issues from the discussion of coal utilization.
The book is aimed at a wide audience, ranging from researchers, lecturers and students to professionals in industry and discusses issues (such as the environmental, and health) that are of concern to the general public as a whole.
Key Features:
- This book focuses on the applications of coal (organic) petrology to our modern society.
- It is an integrated approach to help the reader appreciate the importance of coal quality and coal utilization. Coal composition (macerals, mineral, trace elements) and the overprint of coal rank are treated together.
- The book synthesises all the possibilities of the organic petrology as a tool for coal utilization in conventional applications (mining and beneficiation, coal combustion, gasification, liquefaction, carbonization), as a precursor of carbon materials and as a petroleum source and reservoir rock.
- The role of applied petrology in the characterization of solid by-products from coal utilization is also discussed.
- In addition, this book describes the present status of environmental and health problems linked to coal utilization and the ways in which such problems might be overcome in the future.

Oil and gas still power the bulk of our world, from automobiles and the power plants that supply electricity to our homes and businesses, to jet fuel, plastics, and many other products that enrich our lives. With the relatively recent development of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking"), multilateral, directional, and underbalanced drilling, and enhanced oil recovery, oil and gas production is more important and efficient than ever before. Along with these advancements, as with any new engineering process or technology, come challenges, many of them environmental. More than just a text that outlines the environmental challenges of oil and gas production that have always been there, such as gas migration and corrosion, this groundbreaking new volume takes on the most up-to-date processes and technologies involved in this field. Filled with dozens of case studies and examples, the authors, two of the most well-known and respected petroleum engineers in the world, have outlined all of the major environmental aspects of oil and gas production and how to navigate them, achieving a more efficient, effective, and profitable operation. This groundbreaking volume is a must-have for any petroleum engineer working in the field, and for students and faculty in petroleum engineering departments worldwide.

Time Lapse Approach to Monitoring Oil, Gas, and CO2 Storage by Seismic Methods delivers a new technology to geoscientists, well logging experts, and reservoir engineers, giving them a new basis on which to influence decisions on oil and gas reservoir management. Named ACROSS (Accurately Controlled and Routinely Operated Signal System), this new evaluation method is presented to address more complex reservoirs, such as shale and heavy oil. The book also discusses prolonged production methods for enhanced oil recovery. The monitoring of storage zones for carbon capture are also included, all helping the petroleum and reservoir engineer to fully extend the life of a field and locate untapped pockets of additional oil and gas resources. Rounded out with case studies from locations such as Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Canada, this book will help readers, scientists, and engineers alike to better manage the life of their oil and gas resources and reservoirs.

Shale oil and gas have altered the energy landscape, possibly permanently. They burst upon the fossil energy scene with a suddenness that initially defied prediction. Even the political balance of the world has changed. But, with the methods employed, the vast majority of the oil and gas remains in the ground. At the same time, serious environmental impact issues have been raised. A new volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Geochemistry, and Biochemistry Methods was written on the premise that analytical methods to inform these areas were wanting. While not attempting to be comprehensive, it describes important analytical methods, some still in development. These methods are underpinned primarily by chemistry, but geochemistry and even biochemistry play significant roles. The book has a solutions flavor; problems are posed together with approaches to ameliorate them.

The sustainable use of natural resources is an important global challenge, and improved metal sustainability is a crucial goal for the 21st century in order to conserve the supply of critical metals and mitigate the environmental and health issues resulting from unrecovered metals. Metal Sustainability: Global Challenges, Consequences and Prospects discusses important topics and challenges associated with sustainability in metal life cycles, from mining ore to beneficiation processes, to product manufacture, to recovery from end-of-life materials, to environmental and health concerns resulting from generated waste. The broad perspective presented highlights the global interdependence of the many stages of metal life cycles. Economic issues are emphasized and relevant environmental, health, political, industrial and societal issues are discussed. The importance of applying green chemistry principles to metal sustainability is emphasized. Topics covered include: Recycling and sustainable utilization of precious and specialty metals Formal and informal recycling from electronic and other high-tech wastes Global management of electronic wastes Metal reuse and recycling in developing countries Effects of toxic and other metal releases on the environment and human health Effect on bacteria of toxic metal release Selective recovery of platinum group metals and rare earth metals Metal sustainability from a manufacturing perspective Economic perspectives on sustainability, mineral development, and metal life cycles Closing the Loop Minerals Industry Issues The aim of this book is to improve awareness of the increasingly important role metals play in our high-tech society, the need to conserve our metal supply throughout the metal life cycle, the importance of improved metal recycling, and the effects that unhindered metal loss can have on the environment and on human health.

Platinum-Nickel-Chromium Deposits: Geology, Exploration, and Reserve Base is the first reference book to combine information on the discovery of numerous minerals within existing deposits. This book recognizes the close affinity and great natural coexistence of platinum, palladium, chromium, nickel, copper, gold, and silver hosted by unique stratigraphy (mafic-ultramafic intrusive of layered ingenious complex) in a diverse structural set up. The chapters are organized in a logical sequence of introductory physical and chemical properties, demand-supply scenario, price trend, substitution-recycling and uses of these metals, stratigraphy and host rocks, geochemistry, global distribution of existing deposits in six mega continents, genetic system, reserves-resources overview, common characteristic features aiding as exploration guides for new targets, hazards, and sustainable development. This reference book is a must for students, research scholars, teachers, and professional explorers in economic geology, geography, and allied subjects.

This book explains in detail how to use oil and gas show information to find hydrocarbons. It covers the basics of exploration methodologies, drilling and mud systems, cuttings and mud gas show evaluation, fundamental log analysis, the pitfalls of log-calculated water saturations, and a complete overview of the use of pressures to understand traps and migration, hydrodynamics, and seal and reservoir quantification using capillary pressure. Also included are techniques for quickly generating pseudo-capillary pressure curves from simple porosity/permeability data, with examples of how to build spreadsheets in Excel, and a complete treatment of fluid inclusion analysis and fluid inclusion stratigraphy to map migration pathways. In addition, petroleum systems modeling and fundamental source rock geochemistry are discussed in depth, particularly in the context of unconventional source rock evaluation and screening tools for entering new plays. The book is heavily illustrated with numerous examples and case histories from the author's 37 years of exploration experience. The topics covered in this book will give any young geoscientist a quick start on a successful career and serve as a refresher for the more experienced explorer.

Provides the tools needed to analyze and solve acid drainage problems

Featuring contributions from leading experts in science and engineering, this book explores the complex biogeochemistry of acid mine drainage, rock drainage, and acid sulfate soils. It describes how to predict, prevent, and remediate the environmental impact of acid drainage and the oxidation of sulfides, offering the latest sampling and analytical methods. Moreover, readers will discover new approaches for recovering valuable resources from acid mine drainage, including bioleaching.

"Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils" reviews the most current findings in the field, offering new insights into the underlying causes as well as new tools to minimize the harm of acid drainage: Part I: "Causes of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils" focuses on the biogeochemistry of acid drainage in different environments.Part II: "Assessment of Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils" covers stream characterization, aquatic and biological sampling, evaluation of aquatic resources, and some unusual aspects of sulfide oxidation.Part III: "Prediction and Prevention of Acid Drainage" discusses acid-base accounting, kinetic testing, block modeling, petrology, and mineralogy studies. It also explains relevant policy and regulations.Part IV: "Remediation of Acid Drainage, Rock Drainage and Sulfate Soils" examines both passive and active cleanup methods to remediate acid drainage.

Case studies from a variety of geologic settings highlight various approaches to analyzing and solving acid drainage problems. Replete with helpful appendices and an extensive list of web resources, "Acid Mine Drainage, Rock Drainage, and Acid Sulfate Soils" is recommended for mining engineers and scientists, regulatory officials, environmental scientists, land developers, and students.

Die durch das Reaktorungluck in Fukushima forcierte Energiewende hin zu einer Stromversorgung mit primar erneuerbaren Energien konzentriert sich in der aktuellen Wahrnehmung nur auf den Ausbau von Solar und Windkraftenergie. Dabei wird vergessen, dass aufgrund fehlender Stromspeichertechnologien und UEberlandstromtrassen eine erneuerbare Energie benoetigt wird, die konstant Strom liefern und so Erzeugungsschwankungen bei Solar- und Windkraftenergie ausgleichen kann. Tiefe Geothermie, also Energie, die aus der Erde kommt, kann diese Aufgabe leisten, da sie die einzige erneuerbare Energie ist, die nicht klimatischen oder wetterbedingten Schwankungen unterliegt. Mit einem durch Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern erstellten Normenkatalog fur tiefengeothermische Bohrungen, wurde hier ein hoechstmoeglichen Sicherheitsstandard erreicht, und die wirtschaftlichen wie geologischen Risiken jedes Projektes minimiert werden.

Das Buch bietet zunachst eine analytische Beschreibung von Grundwasserstroemungsprozessen in der gesattigten bzw. ungesattigten Zone. Es folgt die numerische Behandlung von Grundwasserstroemungen sowie die darauf aufbauende Entwicklung beispielhafter Modelle. Ein zweiter Teil beinhaltet die Stoffausbreitungsprozesse im Grundwasser. Hier steht zunachst die analytische Beschreibung von Transport-, Sorptions-, Abbau- und Produktionsprozessen im Vordergrund. Anschliessend erfolgt die numerische Umsetzung der Prozesse und die Ableitung beispielhafter Ausbreitungsmodelle. Die beiliegende CD-ROM bietet eine Auswahl an Stroemungs- und Ausbreitungsmodellen zur Veranschaulichung u. zu UEbungszwecken.

Das vorliegende Handbuch stellt erstmalig in deutscher Sprache umfassend alle Themen im Bereich Tiefe Geothermie vor: Prospektion, Exploration, Realisierung und Nutzung. In zwei abschliessenden Kapiteln werden Zukunft und Perspektiven von Tiefer Geothermie vorgestellt und diskutiert. Die von anerkannten Spezialisten verfassten Artikel sind so konzipiert und geschrieben, dass alle an der Konzeption und Erschliessung tiefengeothermischer Ressourcen Beteiligten einen direkten Nutzen fur ihre Arbeit daraus ziehen koennen.

This volume concentrates on research information on the beneficial effects of nitrates and their fate in the environment. Adopting an integrated approach it covers the agricultural, environmental and medical aspects of this emotive topic. In addition, there is an extensive description of the biochemistry of nitrates in plants, animals and humans including the positive aspects as well as the hazards.

This book on hydrocarbon exploration and production is the first volume in the series Developments in Petroleum Science. The chapters are: The Field Life Cycle, Exploration, Drilling Engineering, Safety and The Environment, Reservoir Description, Volumetric Estimation, Field Appraisal, Reservoir Dynamic Behaviour, Well Dynamic Behaviour, Surface Facilities, Production Operations and Maintenance, Project and Contract Management, Petroleum Economics, Managing the Producing Field, and Decommissioning.

Diese einzigartige Zusammenstellung gibt - vor dem Hintergrund globaler Umweltprobleme und der Einhaltung des Nachhaltigkeitsprinzips - einen aktuellen UEberblick uber die Leistungen, die Geologische Dienste fur ihre Burger bereithalten. Entscheidungstrager in Politik, Gemeinwesen, Lehre, Forschung und Unterricht erhalten anschauliche, reich illustrierte Detailinformationen zu den verschiedensten Bereichen des taglichen Lebens. Dies umfasst die klimatischen Bedingungen auf der Erde ebenso wie die Verfugbarkeit von (Trink-)Wasser und die Nutzung des Bodens, die Versorgung mit Rohstoffen sowie die Lagerung von Abfallen, aber auch die Beobachtung von Georisiken und Massnahmen zur Minderung ihrer Auswirkungen. Die modernen Aufgaben Geologischer Dienste beziehen ausserdem die UEberwachung von Atombombensprengungen sowie die Zusammenarbeit mit Entwicklungslandern ein.

This framework document provides a practical approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of health outcomes that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from ASGM activities.

Beim Abbruch von Betriebseinrichtungen sowie bei Baumassnahmen im Bereich ehemaliger Industriestandorte fallen in der Regel Abbruch- und Aushubmaterialien verschiedenster Verunreinigungsgrade an, die einer geeigneten Entsorgung oder Verwertung zuzufuhren sind. Unter Berucksichtigung der bislang weitverbreiteten Entsorgungspraktiken und den damit meist verbundenen Kosten, ist eine Wiedernutzbarmachung von Industriebrachen bzw. Altstandorten haufig wirtschaftlich nicht mehr durchfuhrbar. Hier werden praxisnah Losungswege zu einer okonomisch sinnvollen Inwertsetzung von Altstandorten auf Basis der Gesetzgebung aufgezeigt, wobei die Autoren auch auf Fragen zu moglichen Investitonsrisiken, Kreditwurdigkeitsuntersuchungen sowie staatlichen Forderungsmassnahmen eingehen.

Die letzten Jahrzehnte haben einen bislang einzigartigen Schub von Wissensver mehrung gebracht, den viele mit gemischten Gefuhlen betrachten. Dabei wird auch das Paradigma der Fachdisziplinen in Frage gestellt. Die klaren "Schubladen" der Wissensgebiete sind lochrig geworden und eine wachsende Zahl von Querver bindungen und Vernetzungen resultiert in neuen Facherkombinationen und Ar beitsweisen. Der Munchner Physiker und Wissenschaftstheoretiker Hans-Peter Durr spricht von der Notwendigkeit der T-Intelligenz, einem fundierten Spezial wissen in die Tiefe, verbunden mit einem gut ausgebildeten und wachen Verstand nis in die Breite der jeweiligen Randgebiete. Bei nuchterner Betrachtung wird deutlich, dass es neben den Inhalten der traditio nell angewandten Sparten der Geowissenschaften zahlreiche Fragestellungen gibt, die einen weiten und oft neuen Zugang erfordern. Diese Sicht wird von vielen jun geren und auch alteren Kolleginnen und Kollegen geteilt und spiegelte sich in der immensen Resonanz auf die DGG-Tagung zur geowissenschaftlichen Umweltfor schung am 5. und 6. November 1993 in Heidelberg wider, die einer Abstimmung fur die Umwelt-Geowissenschaften mit Fussen (besser: mit Kopfen) gleichkam. So verwundert es nicht, dass inzwischen eine Gesellschaft fur Umweltgeowissen schaften (GUG) gegrundet werden konnte, die sich dem breiten Arbeitsfeld als Plattform darbietet. Erfreulicherweise konnte diese Gesellschaft als Tochter der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Geologie (DGG) eingerichtet werden, mit voller Unterstutzung der dort beheimateten Gruppierungen."

Am Beispiel eines der altesten Industriegebiete der Welt wird hier die grosse Vielfalt anthropogen gepragter Stadt- und Industrieboden dargestellt. Besonderes Gewicht legen die Autoren auf die diversen, die Pflanzenwuchseignungen beeinflussende Bodenparameter. Fur stadtplanerische Anforderungen sind dabei Bewertungsschemata zum Schutz von Stadtboden integriert. Daruber hinaus wird die Schadstoffbelastungssituation und das dazugehorige okologische bzw. humantoxikologische Gefahrdungspotential typisch urbaner Standorte aufgezeigt. Fur bedarfsorientierte, stadtplanerische Abwagungen wird in Verbindung mit der Belastungssituation eine systematische Beschreibung technogener Substrate (Aschen, Schlacken u.a.) prasentiert."

Der Eintrag von Luftschadstoffen ruft teilweise heftige Reaktionen in den betroffenen Okosystemen hervor. Uber Boden und Gesteine gelangen die belastenden Substanzen mit den Niederschlagen in die Grund- und Oberflachengewasser und bringen so mittel- bis langfristig auch eine Gefahrdung der Trinkwasserqualitat mit sich. Ausgehend vom Naturraum Harz, wird in dem vorliegenden Buch der Einfluss von Luftschadstoffen auf Gesteine, Boden, Gewasser, Bach- und Seesedimente sowie verschiedene an Gewasser gebundene Biozonosen untersucht. Im Anschluss daran werden verschiedene Meliorationsmoglichkeiten aufgezeigt und ein Ausblick auf die mogliche weitere Entwicklung des untersuchten Okosystems gegeben.

Der vorliegende Materialienband erganzt und vertieft die Darstellung geologischer Erkundungsmethoden.
Oberflachenerkundungsmethoden (z.B. die Anwendung geologischer Karten), Aufschlussmethoden (Sondierbohrungen, Bohrungen, Schurfe usw.) werden detailliert dargestellt.
Der Praktiker findet hier wertvolle Hinweise fur die im Altlastenbereich sinnvoll einsetzbaren Verfahren."

Nichts ist so einfach, wie es aussieht - die Wahrheit dieses Gesetzes von MURPHY & KLIPSTEIN erschloss sich uns bei der Arbeit an dem vorliegenden Buch "Hydrogeolo gische Methoden." Die Idee dazu wurde geboren, als wir vor Jahren damit begannen, Umdrucke zu verfas sen, der eine fur den Lehrbetrieb einer Hochschule, der andere fur die innerbetrieb liche Fortbildung in der wasserwirtschaftlichen Abteilung eines bergmannischen Gross betriebes. Gesammelt sollten diese Umdrucke eine Art hydrogeologisches "Kochbuch" bilden. Doch erwiesen sich die Resultate unserer damaligen Muhen als wenig zufrieden stelIend. Vor allem zeigte sich, dass grundwasserhydraulische Probleme ohne intensive Darstellung der theoretischen Grundlagen nicht verstandlich dargelegt werden konnen. Als Ergebnis der daraufhin einsetzenden Uberlegungen und Arbeiten liegt das Buch in seiner jetZigen Form vor. Das Buch wendet sich insbesondere an Geologen und Hydrogeologen, und zwar sowohl an die Studierenden als auch an die Praktiker in Amtern, Ingenieurburos und Betrieben. Daruber hinaus ist das Buch auch fur die auf dem Grundwassersektor arbeitenden Hydro logen und Bauingenieure brauchbar."

Aus seiner mehr als 30-j{hrigen Erfahrung bietet der Autor mit diesem Handbuch einen praxisnahen ]berblick }ber die Anwendung geophysikalischer Methoden, die nicht nur bei der Wassersuche eingesetzt werden k-nnen. In abgeschlossenen Kapiteln zu den einzelnen Methoden - elektrischer Wider- stand, Elektromagnetik, Gravimetrie, Anwendbarkeit seismi- scher Methoden und der Magnetik f}r die Hydrogeologie - wer- den die physikalischen Grundlagen erl{utert, die Me methoden beschrieben und Beispiele f}r die Auswertung und Interpreta- tion der gemessenen Daten gegeben. Ein abschlie endes Kapi- tel befa t sich mit den M-glichkeiten der Bohrlochmessungen, dem sogenannten logging. Die zahlreichen Abbildungen erg{n- zen die Beschreibungen hervorragend. F}r Praktiker in der Hydro- und Ingenieurgeologie, aber auch f}r Studenten dieser Fachrichtungen wird dieses Buch eine unverzichtbare Hilfe sein.

The first edition of the book Coal: Typology - Chemistry - Physics - Constitution appeared in 1961. In 1981 a new edition was published in which the text was unaltered proving that after 20 years the book was still considered a standard work in its field. The enormous activities in the 80's in the field of coal conversion processes (especially gasification and
liquefaction) and the equally amazing development of instrumental techniques of observation and analysis prompted a complete revision and update of the book. The present edition contains 1000 pages compared to the 514 pages of its predecessors of 1961 and 1981. The number of illustrations has greatly increased from 253 to 574 and that of the tables from 76 to 208. These figures amply testify to the increase in coal research.

Compared with its former editions, the present book treats a considerable number of new subjects: modern concepts of geotectonics and of organic geochemistry; the problem of pseudohomogeneity of vitrinite; developments of the classification and systematics of coals and coal components (macerals); an expose on electron microscopy and the most important instrumental physical methods of analysis (FTIR, NMR, ESCA and analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy); the principles of physical-statistical structure analysis based on the concept of additivity of a large number of molar functions; a revision of Seyler's ideas of discrete steps in coalification; an essay on coal fluorescence; and the survey on magnetic properties - magnetic susceptibility and magnetic resonance - is considerably enlarged. A completely new chapter is added on cohesion and adhesion phenomena as found in coals. The chapter on solvent extraction and solubilisation is
significantly enlarged and new concepts are discussed. The actions of hydrogen, molecular oxygen and oxidising agents on coal are updated and a newly written chapter treats the grand processes of coal conversion (combustion, gasification, carbonisation and liquefaction). Coal constitution in its diverse aspects is revised with a practically complete survey of many proposed coal models. Essays on synthetic coal analogues and on the simulation of natural coalification are added. Also new is the compendium, a set of comprehensive tables, containing the most important numerical data of this book in a fully
comparative form.

Every chapter has its own bibliography, divided into general references (leading books on the treated subject) and special references, which are quotations of scientific papers discussed in the text. The extensive subject index, complete index of names and the compendium are provided in order to facilitate usage as an encyclopedic work.

This is the first book that attempts to broadly integrate the most recent knowledge in the fields of hydrate nucleation and growth in permafrost regions and marine sediments. Gas hydrate reactant supply, growth models, and implications for pore fill by natural gas hydrate are discussed for both seawater precursors in marine sediments and for permafrost hydrate. These models for forming hydrate concentrations that will constitute targets for exploration are discussed, along with exploration methods. Thermodynamic models for the controlled conversion of hydrate to natural gas, which can be recovered using conventional industry practices, suggest that a number of different types of hydrate occurrence are likely to be practical sources of hydrate natural gas. Current progress in the various aspects of commercial development of hydrate gas deposits are discussed, along with the principal extractive issues that have yet to be resolved.

Audience

The book will be of interest to petroleum geologists, earth scientists (marine geology and geophysics), government departments and institutions concerned with energy resources.

CD-ROM included

A CD-ROM is included containing additional figures, and a selection of high quality color images which are printed in black and white in the book itself.

This book consists of 44 technical papers presented at the Ninth International Geostatistics Congress held in Oslo, Norway in June 2012. The papers have been reviewed by a panel of specialists in Geostatistics. The book is divided into four main sections: Theory; Petroleum; Mining; and Environment, Climate and Hydrology. The first section focuses on new ideas of general interest to many fields of applications. The next sections are more focused on the particular needs of the particular industry or activity. Geostatistics is vital to any industry dependent on natural resources. Methods from geostatistics are used for estimating reserves, quantifying economical risk and planning of future industrial operations. Geostatistics is also an important tool for mapping environmental hazard and integrating climate data.