This book discusses the different understandings of 'catholicity' that emerged in the interactions between the Church of England and other churches - particularly the Roman Catholic Church and later the Old Catholic Churches - from the early 1830s to the early 1880s. It presents a pre-history of ecumenism, which isolates some of the most distinctive features of the ecclesiological positions of the different churches as these developed through the turmoil of the nineteenth century. It explores the historical imagination of a range of churchmen and theologians, who sought to reconstruct their churches through an encounter with the past whose relevance for the construction of identity in the present went unquestioned. The past was no foreign country but instead provided solutions to the perceived dangers facing the church of the present. Key protagonists are John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey, the leaders of the Oxford Movement, as well as a number of other less well-known figures who made their distinctive mark on the relations between the churches. The key event in reshaping the terms of the debates between the churches was the Vatican Council of 1870, which put an end to serious dialogue for a very long period, but which opened up new avenues for the Church of England and other non-Roman European churches including the Orthodox. In the end, however, ecumenism was halted in the 1880s by an increasingly complex European situation and an energetic expansion of the British Empire, which saw the rise of Pan-Anglicanism at the expense of ecumenism.

The Oxford Bible Commentary is a Bible study and reference work for 21st century students and readers that can be read with any modern translation of the Bible. It offers verse-by-verse explanation of every book of the Bible by the world's leading biblical scholars. From its inception, OBC has been designed as a completely non-denominational commentary, carefully written and edited to provide the best scholarship in a readable style for readers from all different faith backgrounds. It uses the traditional historical-critical method to search for the original meaning of the texts, but also brings in new perspectives and insights - literary, sociological, and cultural - to bring out the expanding meanings of these ancient writings and stimulate new discussion and further enquiry.
Newly issued in a series of part volumes, the OBC is now available in an affordable and portable format for the study of specific sections of the Bible. The Pentateuch, or Torah ('the law'), comprises the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Genesis to Deuteronomy. The Commentaries are preceeded by introductions to the Old Testament and to the Pentateuch as a whole.

The 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017 focuses the mind on the history and significance of Protestant forms of Christianity. It also prompts the question of how the Reformation has been commemorated on past anniversary occasions. In an effort to examine various meanings attributed to Protestantism, this book recounts and analyzes major commemorative occasions, including the famous posting of the 95 Theses in 1517 or the birth and death dates of Martin Luther, respectively 1483 and 1546. Beginning with the first centennial jubilee in 1617, Remembering the Reformation: An Inquiry into the Meanings of Protestantism makes its way to the 500th anniversary of Martin Luther's birth, internationally marked in 1983. While the book focuses on German-speaking lands, Thomas Albert Howard also looks at Reformation commemorations in other countries, notably in the United States. The central argument is that past commemorations have been heavily shaped by their historical moment, exhibiting confessional, liberal, nationalist, militaristic, Marxist, and ecumenical motifs, among others.

As a multi-faceted introduction to sacramental theology, the purposes of this Handbook are threefold: historical, ecumenical, and missional. The forty-four chapters are organized into the following parts five parts: Sacramental Roots in Scripture, Patristic Sacramental Theology, Medieval Sacramental Theology, From the Reformation through Today, and Philosophical and Theological Issues in Sacramental Doctrine. Contributors to this Handbook explain the diverse ways that believers have construed the sacraments, both in inspired Scripture and in the history of the Church's practice. In Scripture and the early Church, Orthodox, Protestants, and Catholics all find evidence that the first Christian communities celebrated and taught about the sacraments in a manner that Orthodox, Protestants, and Catholics today affirm as the foundation of their own faith and practice. Thus, for those who want to understand what has been taught about the sacraments in Scripture and across the generations by the major thinkers of the various Christian traditions, this Handbook provides an introduction. As the divisions in Christian sacramental understanding and practice are certainly evident in this Handbook, it is not thereby without ecumenical and missional value. This book evidences that the story of the Christian sacraments is, despite divisions in interpretation and practice, one of tremendous hope.

The world stands before a landmark date: October 31, 2017, the quincentennial of the Protestant Reformation. Countries, social movements, churches, universities, seminaries, and other institutions shaped by Protestantism face a daunting question: how should the Reformation be commemorated 500 years after the fact? Protestantism has been credited for restoring essential Christian truth, blamed for disastrous church divisions, and invoked as the cause of modern liberalism, capitalism, democracy, individualism, modern science, secularism, and so much else. In this volume, scholars from a variety of disciplines come together to answer the question of commemoration and put some of the Reformation's larger themes and trajectories of influence into historical and theological perspective. Protestantism after 500 Years? examines the historical significance of the Reformation and considers how we might expand and enrich the ongoing conversation about Protestantism's impact. The contributors to this volume conclude that we must remember the Reformation not only because of the enduring, sometimes painful religious divisions that emerged from this era, but also because a historical understanding of the Reformation has been a key factor towards promoting ecumenical progress through communication and mutual understanding.

1828 unterzeichneten 23 Professoren aus Freiburg i. Br. Petitionen zur Abschaffung des Zoelibates und verteidigten diese mit einer erlauternden "Denkschrift". Hierauf antwortete Johann Adam Moehler (1796-1838) mit der "Beleuchtung der Denkschrift". Die Autorin analysiert den geschichtlichen und literarischen Hintergrund sowie die Grundlinien und Rezeptionsgeschichte dieses bisher in der Forschung noch sehr wenig beachteten Werkes. Eine Auswertung von Moehlers Methodik, ein Schriftenvergleich sowie die vorgenommene Systematisierung der Kernaussagen zeigen, dass die "Beleuchtung" uber eine reine Rezensionsschrift hinausreicht. Die Untersuchung belegt eindrucksvoll, dass der Tubinger (und spatere Munchener) Theologe hier eine im echten Sinne fundamentaltheologische Schrift vorgelegt hat, die einen Massstab fur sein folgendes systematisches Schaffen setzt.

" ... denn wenn du mit deinem Mund bekennst: "Jesus ist der Herr" und in deinem Herzen glaubst: "Gott hat ihn von den Toten auferweckt", so wirst du gerettet werden." (Roem 10,9) So lautet eines der altesten Glaubensbekenntnisse des Neuen Testaments, das der Apostel Paulus in seinem Roemerbrief uberliefert hat. Es benennt den Kern des christlichen Bekenntnisses: Gott ist in Jesus Christus ein Mensch geworden, der gestorben und auferstanden ist. Aber wer war Jesus, wie sehen und verstehen ihn das Neue Testament, die Leben-Jesu-Forschung, die OEkumenischen Konzilien, moderne Theologen wie Karl Rahner und Hans Urs von Balthasar sowie populare Schriftsteller wie Gilbert Keith Chesterton und Clive Staples Lewis? Dieser Spur folgt das Buch. Es geht davon aus, dass die Person Jesus Christus eine Herausforderung fur Glaube und Verstand ist, und moechte die Argumente christlicher Denker fur die Plausibilitat des christlichen Bekenntnisses darstellen.

Das metaphysisch-theistische Weltbild hat seine Plausibilitat verloren: Gott ist tot. Diese neuzeitliche Erfahrung zwingt und befreit Menschen, ohne Ruckgriff auf einen jenseitigen Gott von Gottes-Widerfahrnissen zu reden. In Philosophie, Soziologie und Literatur finden sich vergleichbare Versuche, atheistisch von Heiligem zu sprechen. Methodisch ist die Hermeneutik fur dieses interdisziplinare Projekt nur bedingt tauglich. Leitend ist ein dekonstruktivistisches Verfahren im Sinne einer kritischen Wahrnehmungslehre, in der sich allgemein verstandliche und fachtheologische, generalisierbare und kontingente Zu- und Umgange mischen. Das unaufloesbare Paradox menschlichen Lebens, ungefragt ins Leben gerufen zu sein und zugleich sein Leben in der unerfullbaren Orientierung am Nachsten zu gestalten, ist im Ergebnis heute auch politisch und kulturell-gesellschaftlich gegen Fundamentalismus und neoliberalen Positivismus offen zu halten. Gottes Abwesenheit als neuzeitliche Weise seiner Anwesenheit steht doppelt auf dem Spiel: gegen Ruckfall in theistischen Fundamentalismus und gegen das Vergessen auf Kosten mediatisierter Selbstinszenierung - eine Gratwanderung.

Der christliche Glaube ist durch grosse kulturelle Vielfalt gepragt, die auf das Selbstverstandnis der Kirche als "Weltkirche" einwirkt: Kontextuelle wie interkulturelle Verstehensweisen des weltweiten Christentums gewinnen angesichts globaler Erfahrungsraume zunehmend an theologischer Bedeutung. Die einzelnen Beitrage des Sammelbandes fragen danach, welche Bedeutung regionale Kulturen, Kontexte und das gewandelte globale Weltverstehen fur das Christentum besitzen. Europaische wie aussereuropaische Raume werden dabei in den Blick genommen, um am Beispiel einzelner Lander, Regionen, Praxen und Personen die jeweiligen Kirchen kennenzulernen und zu eroertern. Die politischen, kulturellen und historischen Rahmenbedingen, in denen sich Ortskirchen vorfinden, werden damit thematisiert.

Through the lens of Christology, a new approach to the theology of religions. Adopting the person and saving work of Christ (Christology) as the master key for organizing themes already treated by theologies of religion, theologian Gerald O'Collins introduces important themes previously largely ignored, such as the relevance of the theology of the cross for thinking about "the others" and the impact of Christ's priesthood on all men and women of all places and times.