Inferencing is defined as 'the act of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true', and it is one of the most important processes necessary for successful comprehension during reading. This volume features contributions by distinguished researchers in cognitive psychology, educational psychology, and neuroscience on topics central to our understanding of the inferential process during reading. The chapters cover aspects of inferencing that range from the fundamental bottom-up processes that form the basis for an inference to occur, to the more strategic processes that transpire when a reader is engaged in literary understanding of a text. Basic activation mechanisms, word-level inferencing, methodological considerations, inference validation, causal inferencing, emotion, development of inferences processes as a skill, embodiment, contributions from neuroscience, and applications to naturalistic text are all covered as well as expository text, online learning materials, and literary immersion.

Necessary Conditions of Learning presents a research approach (phenomenography) and a theory (the variation theory of learning) introduced and developed by Ference Marton and taken up by his wide and varied following around the world-together with their practical applications in educational contexts. Reflecting Marton's whole lifetime's work, the unique and significant contribution of this book is to offer an evidence-based answer to the questions "How do we make novel meanings our own?" and "How do we learn to see things in more powerful ways?" The presentation makes use of hundreds of empirical studies carried out in Europe and Asia which build on the theory. The line of reasoning and the way in which the examples are put together is consistent with the theory-it is both presented and applied. The main argument is that in order to learn we have to discern, and to discern the intended ideas we must be presented with carefully structured variation, against a background of invariance. We then go through processes of contrast, generalization, and fusion in order to make sense. These insights form a practical framework for those who design teaching and teaching materials. Necessary Conditions of Learning is a major original work for which scholars of pedagogical theory have been waiting a long time.

Burnout runs rampant in education, particularly in the field of special education, and has only increased with the rise of virtual and remote learning. This book compiles 50 evidence-based strategies and practices to help special educators enjoy their work for the long haul. You'll discover new ways to work with families, manage your classroom, teach in culturally responsive ways, and prioritize self-care. Each chapter includes an opening vignette, key themes supported by research, and five reproducible tools to put into immediate practice. With strategies and tools to ensure classroom fun and satisfaction, this book reminds special education teachers of the life-changing work they do every day and is essential for teachers of any level.

Burnout runs rampant in education, particularly in the field of special education, and has only increased with the rise of virtual and remote learning. This book compiles 50 evidence-based strategies and practices to help special educators enjoy their work for the long haul. You'll discover new ways to work with families, manage your classroom, teach in culturally responsive ways, and prioritize self-care. Each chapter includes an opening vignette, key themes supported by research, and five reproducible tools to put into immediate practice. With strategies and tools to ensure classroom fun and satisfaction, this book reminds special education teachers of the life-changing work they do every day and is essential for teachers of any level.

Chan's book explores the challenges in assessing experiential learning, deepens our understanding, and inspires readers to think critically about the purpose of assessment in experiential learning. Experiential learning has been studied and proven to be effective for student learning, particularly for the development of holistic competencies (i.e. 21st century skills, soft skills, transferable skills) considered essential for individuals to succeed in the increasingly global and technology-infused 21st century society. Universities around the world are now actively organising experiential learning activities or programmes for students to gain enriching and diversified learning experiences, however the assessment of these programmes tends to be limited, unclear, and contested. Assessment plays a central role in education policies and students' approach to learning. But do educators know how to assess less traditional learning such as service learning, entrepreneurship, cross-discipline or cross-cultural projects, internships and student exchanges? While the current assessment landscape is replete with assessments that measure knowledge of core content areas such as mathematics, law, languages, science and social studies, there is a lack of assessments and research that focus on holistic competencies. How do we assess students' ability to think critically, problem solve, adapt, self-manage and collaborate? Central to the discussion in this book, is the reason students are assessed and how they should be assessed to bring out their best learning outcomes. Offering a collection of best assessment practice employed by teachers around the world, this volume brings together both theoretical and empirical research that underpins assessment; and perceptions of different stakeholders - understanding of assessment in experiential learning from students, teachers, and policymakers. The idea of assessment literacy also plays an important role in experiential learning, for example, reflection is often used in assessing students in experiential learning but how reflection literate are educators, are they aware of the ethical dilemmas that arise in assessing students? These questions are discussed in detail. The volume also introduces a quality assurance programme to recognise student development within experiential learning programmes. The book will be particularly informative to academic developers, teachers, students and community partners who struggle with the development and assessment for experiential learning, those who plan to apply for funding in experiential learning, and policymakers and senior managements seeking evidence and advice on fine-tuning curricular, assessment designs and quality assurance. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This book advocates for a radical change in music teaching and learning methods, allowing for a break from the traditional conservatory model still in use in many classrooms. The product of twenty years of interdisciplinary work by musicians, music teachers, and psychologists, the book proposes to place the focus of music education on the students themselves and on their mental and physical activity, with the aim of helping them to manage their own goals and emotions. This alternative is based on a new theoretical framework, as well as numerous real, concrete examples of how to put it into practice with students of different ages and in different environments. This book focuses primarily on teaching instrumental music, but its content will be useful for any teacher, student, musician, or researcher interested in improving music education in any environment, whether formal or informal, in which it takes place Chapters 3, 4, 6 and 18 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

During the past twenty-five years, researchers have made impressive advances in pinpointing effective learning strategies (namely, activities the learner engages in during learning that are intended to improve learning). In Learning as a Generative Activity: Eight Learning Strategies that Promote Understanding, Logan Fiorella and Richard E. Mayer share eight evidence-based learning strategies that promote understanding: summarizing, mapping, drawing, imagining, self-testing, self-explaining, teaching, and enacting. Each chapter describes and exemplifies a learning strategy, examines the underlying cognitive theory, evaluates strategy effectiveness by analyzing the latest research, pinpoints boundary conditions, and explores practical implications and future directions. Each learning strategy targets generative learning, in which learners actively make sense out of the material so they can apply their learning to new situations. This concise, accessible introduction to learning strategies will benefit students, researchers, and practitioners in educational psychology, as well as general readers interested in the important twenty-first-century skill of regulating one's own learning.

* Uniquely explores adversity in education from an international perspective; * Introduces influential thinkers, events, and ideas that shape current understanding and inform future developments in the area; * Identifies the key factors that give rise to adversities for learners; * Explores through practical cases studies, ways in which individuals, institutions, cultures/societies can help manage and overcome adversities; * Provides exemplars that illustrate successful proactive preventative approaches, interventions, and coping strategies; * Draws out principles that can be applied in developing a successful intervention

* Helps readers become proficient ethical decision-makers using the 2020 NASP ethical code and to critically engage the ethical standards and work through ethical dilemmas that often occur in school and clinical settings * Over 100 ethical case studies are presented in the text that specifically relate to NASP's Principles for Professional Ethics * Readers are provided step-by-step directions on how to use the ethical decision-making model when problem solving each case scenario

First book on school safety for teachers and not for leaders or on a schoolwide approach. Offers practical features such as case studies and checklists. Timely topic to help educators feel more secure and prepared.

First book on school safety for teachers and not for leaders or on a schoolwide approach. Offers practical features such as case studies and checklists. Timely topic to help educators feel more secure and prepared.

Stimulus Equivalence for Students with Developmental Disabilities provides a step-by-step program for converting lesson plans into equivalence-based instruction. Using language and tools accessible to both students and practitioners, chapters present the concept of equivalence-based instruction and include clear and concise procedural descriptions, as well as data sheets and PowerPoint slides, with replaceable stimuli, so that special educators and clinicians will be able to immediately implement this procedure to teach any academic skill. Written in engaging prose with an emphasis on practical application, this book is an essential resource for special educators and graduate students studying to become BCBAs and special educators.

Stimulus Equivalence for Students with Developmental Disabilities provides a step-by-step program for converting lesson plans into equivalence-based instruction. Using language and tools accessible to both students and practitioners, chapters present the concept of equivalence-based instruction and include clear and concise procedural descriptions, as well as data sheets and PowerPoint slides, with replaceable stimuli, so that special educators and clinicians will be able to immediately implement this procedure to teach any academic skill. Written in engaging prose with an emphasis on practical application, this book is an essential resource for special educators and graduate students studying to become BCBAs and special educators.

Written by a teacher for teachers, Teaching Resilience and Mental Health Across the Curriculum is an integrative approach to pedagogy for educators at the high school and college level to survive, thrive, and sustain in the profession. Blending theory, research, and practice for a comprehensive program for teachers to incorporate well-being tools into the classroom, each of the book's five foundations includes engaging information, strategies, real-world examples, interactive reflection questions, and activities that can be directly applied to teaching and life. Practical guidance in designing real-world curriculum is offered alongside accessible strategies for engagement, investment, and active learning in student-centered classrooms. An essential guide for teachers, it includes techniques for incorporating well-being that are grounded in culturally responsive teaching, trauma-informed instruction, mental health, resilience, and emotional literacy. Teachers will also gain insight on how to make the career sustainable through practices for self-compassion and authentic self-care so they can not only survive, but flourish in and out of school. For all the challenges that students and teachers face, this book defines what it means, and what it takes, to teach in today's classrooms.

Written by a teacher for teachers, Teaching Resilience and Mental Health Across the Curriculum is an integrative approach to pedagogy for educators at the high school and college level to survive, thrive, and sustain in the profession. Blending theory, research, and practice for a comprehensive program for teachers to incorporate well-being tools into the classroom, each of the book's five foundations includes engaging information, strategies, real-world examples, interactive reflection questions, and activities that can be directly applied to teaching and life. Practical guidance in designing real-world curriculum is offered alongside accessible strategies for engagement, investment, and active learning in student-centered classrooms. An essential guide for teachers, it includes techniques for incorporating well-being that are grounded in culturally responsive teaching, trauma-informed instruction, mental health, resilience, and emotional literacy. Teachers will also gain insight on how to make the career sustainable through practices for self-compassion and authentic self-care so they can not only survive, but flourish in and out of school. For all the challenges that students and teachers face, this book defines what it means, and what it takes, to teach in today's classrooms.

The American educational structure is a feudal system designed around an inefficient seat time model. This structure sets students against each other in competition, creates zip-code inequalities, and empowers an expensive and often damaging bureaucratic class of administrators. Due to shortages of teachers and staff, and to needless problems with curricula and testing, this system is about to fall. Historically, when feudal systems collapse, they create opportunities for new structures to emerge. Technology has made it possible to develop a new educational model that connects students to their community and reduces pressure on students and teachers. This new model makes it possible to deliver high quality education for all students, regardless of zip code, while turning students into active learners. Self Taught: Moving from a Seat Time Model to a Mastery Learning Model explains how this process can begin by asking just one question: what would you do if you needed to learn something?

This volume is the first handbook that brings together cutting-edge international research on teacher ethos from a broad array of disciplines. The main focus will be on research that illustrates current conceptualizations of ethos and its importance for acting effectively and responsibly in and out of the classroom. Research will encompass updated empirical and philosophical work that points to the difference in learning when teaching is practised as a moral activity instead of a merely functional one. Authors are among the world's foremost researchers whose work crosses over from moral education into psychology, neuroscience, sociology, philosophy, pedagogy, and curriculum, drawing on these various fields of research. Today, more than ever, we understand that teachers, like other professionals, need more than subject-matter expertise for acting responsibly and doing their best in their daily duties. Doing so requires possessing a guiding system of professional ethics, moral positioning, goals, norms, and values - in other words: a professional ethos. While the handbook concentrates on Western domains in the current era, the work will extend to other cultures and times as well. With this comprehensive range of perspectives, the book will be attractive and useful for researchers on teachers and teaching as well as for teacher educators, curriculum designers, educational officials, and, last-but-not-least, anyone who is interested in what makes a good teacher. This volume is also a tribute to Fritz Oser, a leading scholar in research on ethos, who sadly passed-away during the compilation of this handbook.

This collection, edited and written by the leading scholars and experts of innovation and maker education in Finland, introduces invention pedagogy, a research-based Finnish approach for teaching and learning through multidisciplinary, creative design and making processes in formal school settings. The book outlines the background of, and need for, invention pedagogy, providing various perspectives for designing and orchestrating the invention process while discussing what can be learned and how learning happens through inventing. In addition, the book introduces the transformative, school-level innovator agency needed for developing whole schools as innovative communities. Featuring informative case study examples, the volume explores the theoretical, pedagogical, and methodological implications for the research and practice of invention pedagogy in order to further the field and bring new perspectives, providing a new vision for schools for decades to come. Intermixing the results of cutting-edge research and best practice within STEAM-education and invention pedagogy, this book will be essential reading for researchers, students, and scholars of design and technology education, STEM education, teacher education, and learning sciences more broadly. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

For anyone who needs to understand, assess or manage selective mutism, this is a comprehensive and practical manual that is grounded in behavioural psychology and anxiety management and draws on relevant research findings as well as the authors' extensive clinical experience. Now in its second edition and including new material for adolescents and adults, The Selective Mutism Resource Manual 2e provides: an up-to-date summary of literature and theory to deepen your understanding of selective mutism a wealth of ideas on assessment and management in home, school and community settings so that its relevance extends far beyond clinical practice a huge range of printable online handouts and other resources case studies and personal stories to illustrate symptoms and demonstrate the importance of tailored interventions. This book is essential reading for people who have selective mutism as well as for the clinicians, therapists, educators, caseworkers and families who support them.

The field of reading is a compelling one, characterised by many debates and discussions. It is also amenable to investigations through a range of theories and research studies. In this book, eight leading authorities provide a 'state-of-the-art' overview of reading, using perspectives that have informed their work. There are overviews from linguistic, psychological, sociological and literary viewpoints, as well as more hybrid ones from investigations of digital literacy and multi-modality. This book celebrates what has already been achieved by bridging research, scholarship and practice; it also suggests what still needs to be done to bring the positive rewards from reading to greater numbers of young people. It also recognises that the benefits of reading extend beyond the personal. Accomplished reading skills empower people to meet the challenges of everyday life: making decisions, solving problems, and dealing with unexpected events. The need to refresh and renew our knowledge of reading has gained further impetus in the 'information age'. New technologies for information and communication continually appear: manifestations of 'fake news', disinformation and conspiracy theories spread rapidly across the globe. The book underlines the importance not only of reading, but also the fact that reading between and beyond the lines is more important than ever, in print and across multiple media platforms. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Education 3-13: International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education.

This book highlights the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health needs of children and adolescents in order to shed light on future practice and reform needed to better deal with the aftermath of such devastating events. The book identifies the conditions during any public health crisis that heighten the mental health needs of children and adolescents and suggests the reforms of mental health services needed to better meet the needs of children and youths during and following pandemics and other public health crises. Importance is placed not only on addressing the effects of COVID-19 but on anticipating and preparing for other public health disruptions to the lives of those who have not reached adulthood. Although mental health services in all settings are considered, special attention is given to the role of schools in providing for the mental health of children and adolescents and preparing for the mental health implications of future public health disruptions. The book will be of equal use to both students and researchers in the fields of mental health, well-being, and education as well as teachers, educational psychologists, social workers, and practitioners working in schools and communities to address students' mental health needs. It will help readers better understand how and why COVID-19 was a negative influence on students' mental health, and unpack how best to deal with the aftermath of the pandemic.

Foundations of Educational Technology offers a fresh, interdisciplinary, problem-centered approach to educational technology, learning design, and instructional systems development. As the implementation of online, blended, hybrid, mobile, open, and adaptive learning systems rapidly expands, emerging tools such as learning analytics, artificial intelligence, mixed realities, serious games, and micro-credentialing are promising more complex and personalized learning experiences. This book provides faculty and graduate students with a conceptual, empirical, and practical basis for the effective use of these systems across contexts, integrating essential theories from the fields of human performance, learning and development, information and communications, and instructional design. Key additions to this revised and expanded third edition include coverage of the latest learning technologies, research from educational neuroscience, discussions about security and privacy, new attention to diversity, equity, and inclusion, updated activities, support materials, references, and more.

* Supports the training and development of school crisis responders across disciplines, by sharing narrative studies about actual traumatic events * Highlights the multi-phased, multi-disciplinary nature of school crisis response, emphasizing the need for effective coordination, collaboration, and evidence-based approaches * Illustrates the benefits of having conceptual frameworks such as the National Association of School Psychologists' PREPaRE model to guide prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, to navigate the chaos of traumatic events * Describes application of learned concepts, interventions and skills during responses to high incidence traumatic events (i.e. death of student; death of teacher)

* Supports the training and development of school crisis responders across disciplines, by sharing narrative studies about actual traumatic events * Highlights the multi-phased, multi-disciplinary nature of school crisis response, emphasizing the need for effective coordination, collaboration, and evidence-based approaches * Illustrates the benefits of having conceptual frameworks such as the National Association of School Psychologists' PREPaRE model to guide prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, to navigate the chaos of traumatic events * Describes application of learned concepts, interventions and skills during responses to high incidence traumatic events (i.e. death of student; death of teacher)

The Myth of Education in America contends that formal education should be "how you learn" not only "what you learn". It emphasizes that utilization of critical thinking and analysis is a life-long journey, and everyone should be involved in the process. The ability to sort out differing opinions, determine accuracy of data, and evaluate options are important for all citizens. The core of the book is the Hammes Classroom Experience, a detailed explanation of what Dr. Hammes did to implement critical thinking in the classroom with specific techniques to utilize while using textbooks and other course content. The expanded value of the book goes beyond teachers at all levels, to students, administrators, boards of education, parents, and employers.