This monograph shows the reader how to avoid the burdens of sensor cost, reduced internal physical space, and system complexity in the control of AC motors. Many applications fields-electric vehicles, wind- and wave-energy converters and robotics, among them-will benefit. Sensorless AC Electric Motor Control describes the elimination of physical sensors and their replacement with observers, i.e., software sensors. Robustness is introduced to overcome problems associated with the unavoidable imperfection of knowledge of machine parameters-resistance, inertia, and so on-encountered in real systems. The details of a large number of speed- and/or position-sensorless ideas for different types of permanent-magnet synchronous motors and induction motors are presented along with several novel observer designs for electrical machines. Control strategies are developed using high-order, sliding-mode and quasi-continuous-sliding-mode techniques and two types of observer-controller schemes based on backstepping and sliding-mode techniques are described. Experimental results validate the performance of these observer and controller configurations with test trajectories of significance in difficult sensorless-AC-machine problems. Control engineers working with AC motors in a variety of industrial environments will find the space-and-cost-saving ideas detailed in Sensorless AC Electric Motor Control of much interest. Academic researchers and graduate students from electrical, mechanical and control-engineering backgrounds will be able to see how advanced theoretical control can be applied in meaningful real systems.

Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) brushless machines are modern electrical machines with a lot of advantages over their conventional counterparts. This timeless and revised second edition deals with the analysis, construction, design, control and applications of AFPM machines. The authors present their own research results, as well as significant research contributions made by others. A CD with all numerical examples solved in Mathcad is attached and will be especially useful.

This book introduces the reader in a systematical way to the design philosophy behind vector control systems. The mathematical motor models based on complex-space vector descriptions as well as the control structures for DC motors provide a perfect basis for explaining the principles of AC motor vector control. An in-depth review of electromagnetic transients in induction motors under various methods of frequency control is given. This is explained with the help of appropriate block schemes and new equivalent circuits. Properties of AC motors under non-sinusoidal supply are reviewed. The basic power converter topologies applied in motor control technology as well as symmetry and loss reduction problems are discussed. Some examples of controller design methods are presented step by step. An important feature of the book is that it contains many examples of systems applied in practical engineering as well as simulation and experimental results. The volume will be of interest to all those familiar with the basics of electrical machines and control systems theory. Therefore, it is recommended to students of electrical, electronics and mechanics departments. The book can also be used by those working in industry, who are interested in modern power electronics, drives and motion control, robotics as well as automation of industrial processes.

Provides broad insights into problems of coding control algorithms on a DSP platform.

- Includes a set of Simulink simulation files (source codes) which permits readers to envisage the effects of control solutions on the overall motion control system.

-bridges the gap between control analysis and industrial practice.

In this revised and expanded edition, Howard E. Jordan explains-in a clear manner-the technology of energy efficient electric motors including motor losses, testing, and efficiency labeling. He also discusses how to calculate the return on investment for an energy efficient motor in addition to several other subjects related to effective motor applications. New chapters explore permanent magnet synchronous motors and transistor pulse-width-modulated inverters. Engineers, purchasing managers, and executives who make decisions on motor selection will find this an invaluable reference.

This book provides a thorough approach for mastering the behavior and operation of induction motors, an essential device in the modern industrial world. Its way of presentation renders this book suitable for selfteaching by students, engineers, and researchers in the field of electrical engineering. It covers the modern theory of induction motor applications and control methods. The transient analysis of both three-phase and single-phase induction motors as well as that of the double-cage motors are developed. The principles of such modern control methods as Field-Oriented Control, Direct Torque Control and Computed Charges Acceleration Method are clearly treated in this monograph. Numerous equations, simulations, and figures are presented.

This book describes the application of piezoelectric materials, particularly piezoceramics, in the wide field of actuators and sensors. It gives a step-by-step introduction to the structure and mechanics of piezoelectric beam bending actuators in multilayer technology, which are of increasing importance for industrial applications. The book presents the suitability of the developed theoretical aspects in a memorable way.

Modeling of Induction Motors with One and Two Degrees of Mechanical Freedom will be of interest to electrical engineering academics and graduate students as well as electric machine designers and engineers involved in control, mechatronics, and automation.
This book presents the mathematical model of induction motors with two degrees of mechanical freedom (IM-2DMF), formed in the electromagnetic field as well as in circuit theory, which allows analyzing the performance of these three groups of motors taking into account edge effects, winding and current asymmetry. The model derived is based on the concept of magnetic field wave moving in the air-gap with a helical motion. In general, the rotor moves helically too with the rotary-linear slip. The electromagnetic field as well as motor performance of the particular motors is analyzed.
The mathematical model of IM-2DMF is more general to the model of induction motors with one degree of mechanical freedom, i.e. rotary and linear motors. Examples of modeling two types of rotary disc motors and flat linear motor with twisted primary part are presented with inclusion of finite stator and rotor length and width effects. The simulation results are backed by the measurements carried out on the laboratory models, which were tested on the unique measurement stand.
By presenting the theory of a group of induction motors with two degrees of mechanical freedom and giving a basis for designing of these type of motors, as well as to give the tool for analysis of their performance, Modeling of Induction Motors with One and Two Degrees of Mechanical Freedom is a must-have book for electrical engineering graduate students and electric machine designers and engineers.

Recent Developments of Electrical Drives is composed of the papers which were presented at the XVI International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEMa (TM)2004, which was held in Cracow, Poland on September 5-8, 2004.

The contributions selected for the book cover a wide spectrum of theory and practice, thus they are deeply rooted in engineering problems, being simultaneously of high theoretical level. This way the contents of the book is believed to touch the heart of the matter in electrical drives (theory, control systems and applications).

The book, stating the recent developments of electrical drives, can be useful for engineers and researchers investigating and designing electrical and electronic devices as well as for students and young researchers dealing with electrical and electronic engineering, computer sciences (advanced computer modelling, sophisticated control systems with artificial intelligence tools applied, optimal design bye use of classical and genetic algorithms employed), applied mathematics and all the topics where electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical phenomena occur.

Recent Developments of Electrical Drives covers a wide range of interest of industry engineers, and scientists involved in modelling, control, measurements, new motor structures design, and could be also useful for engineers working in the field of electrical drives implementation.

Fractional-Horsepower drives are crucial for all kinds of products, from simple domestic utensils to most complex technological applications. This handbook gives a practical overview on the available drives. It gives a comprehensive reference about design, functionality, properties, and applications of fractional horsepower drives and introduces into their control and the mechanical transducers. Additionally, the book shows us avenues for projecting new drives.

With first English edition of the bestselling German book, the author address practicing engineers as well as students of electrical and mechanical engineering, control and mechatronics.

To optimise the efficiency of electric drives it is necessary to consider the components; the power electronic converter, the electric machine and the gearbox, together. Integrated systems can be smaller and have better flexibility and thermal management. Integrated motor drives (IMDs) specifically offer advantages including lower cost of installation and higher power density. This integration concept has been adopted in various electrical machine drive systems as well as electric vehicles. Integrated Motor Drives presents the state of research and future trends in integrated electrical motor drive technology and helps readers fill gaps in their knowledge. Chapters cover electrical machines, power converters and control techniques, adoption of wide bandgap semiconductor switching devices, thermal management, passive devices, gearboxes, research prototypes and commercial products, as well as emerging technologies and needs. This book for electrical motor drive engineers and researchers in academia and industry, as well as advanced students and experts, is systematically written by members from leading working groups. Close collaboration between chapter authors improves cohesion and usability for advanced students.

Reluctance motors induce non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor; the rotor does not have any windings and torque is generated through magnetic reluctance. Synchronous reluctance motors (SyRMs) have an equal number of stator and rotor poles. Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, so they are finding increasing application in the transport sector. Disadvantages include high torque ripple and the complexity of designing and controlling them. Advances in theory, computer design, and control electronics can overcome these issues. This hands-on reference covers the concept and design of synchronous reluctance motors. It conveys all key topics required to understand this technology. Chapters cover magnetic materials, geometry, modeling, design and analysis, optimization, production technology, fault-tolerance, experimental validation, and self-sensing-oriented optimization. Synchronous Reluctance Machines: Analysis, optimization and applications is ideal for researchers working on electrical machines and motors, particularly electric vehicles. The writers - experts from academia and industry - provide the reader with an excellent background and understanding of the core concepts involved in synchronous reluctance motors such that they can engage in their own R&D. The authors of this book are kindly donating all royalties to Operazione Mato Grosso.

This detailed reference provides guidelines for the selection and utilization of electric motors for improved reliability, performance, energy-efficiency, and life-cycle cost. Completely revised and expanded, the book reflects the recent state of the field, as well as recent developments in control electronics, the economics of energy-efficient motors and systems, and advanced power electronic drivers. It includes five new chapters covering key topics such as the fundamentals of power electronics applicable to electric motor drives, adjustable speed drives and their applications, advanced switched reluctance motor drives, and permanent magnet and brushless DC motor drives.

The electromechanical systems employed in different branches of industry are utilized most often as drives of working machines which must be fed with electric energy in a continuous, periodic or even discrete way. Some of these machines operate at constant speed, others require wide and varying energy control. In many designs the synchronous cooperation of several electric drives is required in addition to the desired dynamic properties. For these reasons the control of the cooperation and dynamics of electromechanical systems requires the use of computers.
This book adopts an unusual approach to the subject in that it treats the electric drive system on the one hand as an element of a control system and on the other as an element of a complex automatic system. These two trends in the development of the automatic control of electric drives have resulted in a volume that provides a thorough overview on the variety of different approaches to the design of control systems.

Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrids: Integration, Developments and Control presents the most up-to-date research and developments on hybrid-renewable energy systems (HRES) in a single, comprehensive resource. With an enriched collection of topics pertaining to the control and management of hybrid renewable systems, this book presents recent innovations that are molding the future of power systems and their developing infrastructure. Topics of note include distinct integration solutions and control techniques being implemented into HRES that are illustrated through the analysis of various global case studies. With a focus on devices and methods to integrate different renewables, this book provides those researching and working in renewable energy solutions and power electronics with a firm understanding of the technologies available, converter and multi-level inverter considerations, and control and operation strategies.

The successful transmission of electrical power beneath the surface of the earth depends on a number of factors including ambient temperature, sheath bonding, cable laying depth, and especially the formation of dry zones around underground cables. Environmental Impacts on Underground Power Distribution studies the factors which affect the maximum current rating of subterranean power cables as well as various methods to maximize electrical current transmission. Focusing on the latest tools, methodologies, and research in the field, this publication is designed for use by electrical engineers, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students.

Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides operational theory and design guidance for engineers and technicians working to design and develop efficient electric vehicle (EV) power sources. As Zero Emission Vehicles become a requirement in more areas of the world, the technology required to design and maintain their complex battery systems is needed not only by the vehicle designers, but by those who will provide recharging and maintenance services, as well as utility infrastructure providers. Includes fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications.
Written with cost and efficiency foremost in mind, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems offers essential details on failure mode analysis of VRLA, NiMH battery systems, the fast-charging of electric vehicle battery systems based on Pb-acid, NiMH, Li-ion technologies, and much more. Key coverage includes issues that can affect electric vehicle performance, such as total battery capacity, battery charging and discharging, and battery temperature constraints. The author also explores electric vehicle performance, battery testing (15 core performance tests provided), lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and hybrid vehicles. In order to make a practical electric vehicle, a thorough understanding of the operation of a set of batteries in a pack is necessary. Expertly written and researched, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems will prove invaluable to automotive engineers, electronics and integrated circuit design engineers, and anyone whose interests involve electric vehicles and battery systems.
* Addresses cost and efficiency as key elements in the design process
* Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies
* Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies

This book addresses the practical issues for commercialization of current and future electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/PHEVs). The volume focuses on power electronics and motor drives based solutions for both current as well as future EV/PHEV technologies. Propulsion system requirements and motor sizing for EVs is also discussed, along with practical system sizing examples. PHEV power system architectures are discussed in detail. Key EV battery technologies are explained as well as corresponding battery management issues are summarized. Advanced power electronic converter topologies for current and future charging infrastructures will also be discussed in detail. EV/PHEV interface with renewable energy is discussed in detail, with practical examples.

Electrical drives play an important part as electromechanical energy converters in transportation, materials handling and most production processes. This book presents a unified treatment of complete electrical drive systems, including the mechanical parts, electrical machines, and power converters and control. Since it was first published in 1985 the book has found its way onto many desks in industry and universities all over the world. For the third edition the text has been thoroughly revised and updated, with the aim of offering the reader a general view of the field of controlled electrial drives, which are maintaining and extending their importance as the most flexible source of controlled mechanical energy. Special emphasis is placed on the new developments in three-phase AC drives.

The Field Orientation Principle (FOP) constitutes a fundamental concept behind the modern technology of high-performance, vector-controlled drive systems with AC motors. The recent intense interest in these systems has been spawned by the widespread transition from DC to AC drives in industry. Induction motors, industry's traditional workhorses, are particularly well suited for FOP-based vector control. The Field Orientation Principle in Control of Induction Motors presents the FOP in a simple, easy-to-understand framework based on the space-vector dynamic model of the induction machine. Relationships between the classic phasor equivalent circuits of the motor and their vector counterparts are highlighted. A step-by-step derivation of dynamic equations of the motor provides a formal background for explanation of the basic approaches to vector control. In addition, the author presents scalar control methods for low-performance drives as an intermediate stage between uncontrolled and high-performance drives. The reader will also find a full chapter devoted to power inverters, which constitute an important component of adjustable speed AC drive systems, and a review of associated issues such as observers of motor variables, parameter estimation, adaptive tuning, and principles of the position and speed control of field-oriented induction motors. With a wealth of numerical examples and computer simulations illustrating the ideas and techniques discussed and an extensive bibliography, The Field Orientation Principle in Control of Induction Motors is a practical resource and valuable reference for researchers and students interested in motor control, power and industrial electronics, andcontrol theory.

'A remarkably hopeful and useful book...The climate crisis leaves us no choice but to build a new world and as Sanderson makes clear, we are capable of making it a better one than the dirty and dangerous planet we’ve come to take for granted.' Bill McKibben, Observer book of the week We depend on a handful of metals and rare earths to power our phones and computers. Increasingly, we rely on them to power our cars and our homes. Whoever controls these finite commodities will become rich beyond imagining. Sanderson journeys to meet the characters, companies, and nations scrambling for the new resources, linking remote mines in the Congo and Chile’s Atacama Desert to giant Chinese battery factories, shadowy commodity traders, secretive billionaires, a new generation of scientists attempting to solve the dilemma of a ‘greener’ world.

This book defines and charts the barriers and future of vehicle-to-grid technology: a technology that could dramatically reduce emissions, create revenue, and accelerate the adoption of battery electric cars. This technology connects the electric power grid and the transportation system in ways that will enable electric vehicles to store renewable energy and offer valuable services to the electricity grid and its markets. To understand the complex features of this emergent technology, the authors explore the current status and prospect of vehicle-to-grid, and detail the sociotechnical barriers that may impede its fruitful deployment. The book concludes with a policy roadmap to advise decision-makers on how to optimally implement vehicle-to-grid and capture its benefits to society while attempting to avoid the impediments discussed earlier in the book.

Electric motors are the largest consumer of electric energy and they play a critical role in the growing market for electrification. Due to their simple construction, switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are exceptionally attractive for the industry to respond to the increasing demand for high-efficiency, high-performance, and low-cost electric motors with a more secure supply chain. Switched Reluctance Motor Drives: Fundamentals to Applications is a comprehensive textbook covering the major aspects of switched reluctance motor drives. It provides an overview of the use of electric motors in the industrial, residential, commercial, and transportation sectors. It explains the theory behind the operation of switched reluctance motors and provides models to analyze them. The book extensively concentrates on the fundamentals and applications of SRM design and covers various design details, such as materials, mechanical construction, and controls. Acoustic noise and vibration is the most well-known issue in switched reluctance motors, but this can be reduced significantly through a multidisciplinary approach. These methodologies are explained in two chapters of the book. The first covers the fundamentals of acoustic noise and vibration so readers have the necessary tools to analyze the problems and explains the surface waves, spring-mass models, forcing harmonics, and mode shapes that are utilized in modeling and analyzing acoustic noise and vibration. The second applies these fundamentals to switched reluctance motors and provides examples for determining the sources of any acoustic noise in switched reluctance motors. In the final chapter two SRM designs are presented and proposed as replacements for permanent magnet machines in a residential HVAC application and a hybrid-electric propulsion application. It also shows a high-power and compact converter design for SRM drives. Features: Comprehensive coverage of switched reluctance motor drives from fundamental principles to design, operation, and applications A specific chapter on electric motor usage in industrial, residential, commercial, and transportation applications to address the benefits of switched reluctance machines Two chapters address acoustic noise and vibration in detail Numerous illustrations and practical examples on the design, modeling, and analysis of switched reluctance motor drives Examples of switched reluctance motor and drive design

Switched reluctance motors have steadily increased in commercial importance since their introduction in the early 1980's, while their technology - especially of their electronic control - has made great progress. Their unique characteristics introduce a delicate balance, in which the copper and iron are diminished in quantity, complexity and cost, in favour of a greater reliance on sophistication in the controller. Thus mastery of the control is the key challenge in the application of these machines.
This book is intended for engineer's in industry and in the large research community in electrical machines and drives. It introduces the techniques for controlling switched reluctance machines, starting from first principles and building up to the most advanced forms of sensorless control. It covers the recent advances in electronic control and includes aspects of motion control, automation, acoustic noise reduction and energy efficiency.
covers the recent changes in control technology
includes up-to-date equipment and methods
contains applications and case studies