The main purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive treatment of the materials aspects of group-IV, III-V and II-VI semiconductor alloys used in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. The topics covered in this book include the structural, thermal, mechanical, lattice vibronic, electronic, optical and carrier transport properties of such semiconductor alloys. The book reviews not only commonly known alloys (SiGe, AlGaAs, GaInPAs, and ZnCdTe) but also new alloys, such as dilute-carbon alloys (CSiGe, CSiSn, etc.), III-N alloys, dilute-nitride alloys (GaNAs and GaInNAs) and Mg- or Be-based II-VI semiconductor alloys. Finally there is an extensive bibliography included for those who wish to find additional information as well as tabulated values and graphical information on the properties of semiconductor alloys.

This book is based on the 18 tutorials presented during the 28th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design. Expert designers present readers with information about a variety of topics at the frontier of analog circuit design, including next-generation analog-to-digital converters , high-performance power management systems and technology considerations for advanced IC design. For anyone involved in analog circuit research and development, this book will be a valuable summary of the state-of-the-art in these areas. Provides a summary of the state-of-the-art in analog circuit design, written by experts from industry and academia; Presents material in a tutorial-based format; Includes coverage of next-generation analog-to-digital converters, high-performance power management systems, and technology considerations for advanced IC design.

This book presents recent research on the hybridization of intelligent methods, which refers to combining methods to solve complex problems. It discusses hybrid approaches covering different areas of intelligent methods and technologies, such as neural networks, swarm intelligence, machine learning, reinforcement learning, deep learning, agent-based approaches, knowledge-based system and image processing. The book includes extended and revised versions of invited papers presented at the 6th International Workshop on Combinations of Intelligent Methods and Applications (CIMA 2016), held in The Hague, Holland, in August 2016. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners from academia and industry interested in using hybrid methods for solving complex problems.

This book objectively represents the status quo and trends of world Internet development in 2021, systematically summarizes Internet development in major countries and regions, and deeply analyzes new development condition and trends in key fields of Internet, in terms of eight aspects, i.e., information infrastructure, information technology, digital economy, e-government, cyber media, cybersecurity, cyberlaws, and international cyberspace governance. This book maintains the index system of world Internet development, optimizes some indexes, and comprehensively evaluates Internet development in major countries and regions in the world, in order to better demonstrate the strength and characteristics of Internet development in various countries and mirror the overall trend in world Internet development in a comprehensive, accurate, and objective way. This book collects the latest research results in world Internet development. With diverse subjects and detailed discussion, this book possesses great significance for these engaged in Internet field in governmental departments, Internet enterprises, scientific research institutions, and universities, who hope to fully understand world Internet development.

The book focuses on system dependability modeling and calculation, considering the impact of s-dependency and uncertainty. The best suited approaches for practical system dependability modeling and calculation, (1) the minimal cut approach, (2) the Markov process approach, and (3) the Markov minimal cut approach as a combination of (1) and (2) are described in detail and applied to several examples. The stringently used Boolean logic during the whole development process of the approaches is the key for the combination of the approaches on a common basis. For large and complex systems, efficient approximation approaches, e.g. the probable Markov path approach, have been developed, which can take into account s-dependencies be-tween components of complex system structures. A comprehensive analysis of aleatory uncertainty (due to randomness) and epistemic uncertainty (due to lack of knowledge), and their combination, developed on the basis of basic reliability indices and evaluated with the Monte Carlo simulation method, has been carried out. The uncertainty impact on system dependability is investigated and discussed using several examples with different levels of difficulty. The applications cover a wide variety of large and complex (real-world) systems. Actual state-of-the-art definitions of terms of the IEC 60050-192:2015 standard, as well as the dependability indices, are used uniformly in all six chapters of the book.

This thesis develops new techniques for simulating the low-energy behaviour of quantum spin systems in one and two dimensions. Combining these developments, it subsequently uses the formalism of tensor network states to derive an effective particle description for one- and two-dimensional spin systems that exhibit strong quantum correlations. These techniques arise from the combination of two themes in many-particle physics: (i) the concept of quasiparticles as the effective low-energy degrees of freedom in a condensed-matter system, and (ii) entanglement as the characteristic feature for describing quantum phases of matter. Whereas the former gave rise to the use of effective field theories for understanding many-particle systems, the latter led to the development of tensor network states as a description of the entanglement distribution in quantum low-energy states.

This book discusses the principle of automotive intelligent technology from the point of view of modern sensing and intelligent control. Based on the latest research in the field, it explores safe driving with intelligent vision; intelligent monitoring of dangerous driving; intelligent detection of automobile power and transmission systems; intelligent vehicle navigation and transportation systems; and vehicle-assisted intelligent technology. It draws on the author's research in the field of automotive intelligent technology to explain the fundamentals of vehicle intelligent technology, from the information sensing principle to mathematical models and the algorithm basis, enabling readers to grasp the concepts of automotive intelligent technology. Opening up new scientific horizons and fostering innovative thinking, the book is a valuable resource for researchers as well as undergraduate and graduate students.

Because the wireless industry is less capital intensive than others sectors in the telecommunications marketplace, it is expected to enjoy continued profitability. With survival at stake, telecommunications companies must ready themselves for battle to win access and operations rights in the wireless communications spectrum. This book maps out the strategies required to fight this battle by explaining how a telecommunications company should structure its entry and operations in the spectrum.

This classroom-tested textbook describes the design and implementation of software for distributed real-time systems, using a bottom-up approach. The text addresses common challenges faced in software projects involving real-time systems, and presents a novel method for simply and effectively performing all of the software engineering steps. Each chapter opens with a discussion of the core concepts, together with a review of the relevant methods and available software. This is then followed with a description of the implementation of the concepts in a sample kernel, complete with executable code. Topics and features: introduces the fundamentals of real-time systems, including real-time architecture and distributed real-time systems; presents a focus on the real-time operating system, covering the concepts of task, memory, and input/output management; provides a detailed step-by-step construction of a real-time operating system kernel, which is then used to test various higher level implementations; describes periodic and aperiodic scheduling, resource management, and distributed scheduling; reviews the process of application design from high-level design methods to low-level details of design and implementation; surveys real-time programming languages and fault tolerance techniques; includes end-of-chapter review questions, extensive C code, numerous examples, and a case study implementing the methods in real-world applications; supplies additional material at an associated website. Requiring only a basic background in computer architecture and operating systems, this practically-oriented work is an invaluable study aid for senior undergraduate and graduate-level students of electrical and computer engineering, and computer science. The text will also serve as a useful general reference for researchers interested in real-time systems.

Finding ways to interfere with or jam communication signals is an essential area of electronic warfare (EW). In modern EW systems, anti-jam technology has been employed to overcome signal jamming. Recently, electronic warfare R&D has focused on creating methods to disrupt these anti-jam systems. This newly revised and greatly expanded edition of the popular Artech House book, "Modern Communications Jamming Principles and Techniques", provides an up-to-date, exhaustive treatment of the techniques and methods available to create countermeasures against anti-jam, over-the-air communications. The Second Edition features a wealth of new material on urban warfare, including a computer simulation of EW architecture alternatives for land-based forces based on urban constraints. This unique resource is dedicated to showing professionals how to design and build jammers specifically targeted at anti-jam communications. Moreover, practitioners find assistance in evaluating the expected performance of jamming systems against modern communications systems.

The increasing business use of wireless and mobile technologies on a variety of devices has accelerated the need for a better understanding of the technologies involved. ""Business Data Communications and Networking: A Research Perspective"" addresses the key issues for businesses utilizing data communications and the increasing importance of networking technologies in business. ""Business Data Communications and Networking: A Research Perspective"" covers a series of technical advances in the field while highlighting their respective contributions to business or organizational goals, and centers on the issues of network-based applications, mobility, wireless networks, and network security.

This book covers ideas, methods, algorithms, and tools for the in-depth study of the performance and reliability of dependable fault-tolerant systems. The chapters identify the current challenges that designers and practitioners must confront to ensure the reliability, availability, and performance of systems, with special focus on their dynamic behaviors and dependencies. Topics include network calculus, workload and scheduling; simulation, sensitivity analysis and applications; queuing networks analysis; clouds, federations and big data; and tools. This collection of recent research exposes system researchers, performance analysts, and practitioners to a spectrum of issues so that they can address these challenges in their work.

Radar, including its maintenance, was a dark secret throughout World War II. After the war, radar per se received much publicity, but the Navy's program for selecting and preparing personnel to become electronics specialists - one of the most challenging training activities of all times - has remained almost unknown.
Noted scientist/historian Louis Brown made no mention of the program in his highly acclaimed book, A Radar History of World War II. He subsequently commented, "It is an omission that I greatly regret, especially because it is the kind of history that I value."
This book has been written to finally document the history of this program. It is especially intended for the few remaining men who participated in this activity and their descendants. It should also be of interest to the huge number of persons whose careers have been greatly influenced by aftereffects of the war's electronic miracles, as well as to students and others in broadening their knowledge of electronics evolution.
Radar was first demonstrated at the Naval Research Laboratory, and the U.S. fleet had its initial operational system in 1939. It was then directed that radar be incorporated on all major ships. At the time of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, however, only 79 sets had been installed on the Navy's approximately 2,000 vessels.
In the then-existing Navy and Marine forces, only a few hundred men were qualified in advanced electronics and essentially none in radar. Further, President Roosevelt had ordered huge increases in ships, aircraft, and submarines; many thousands of highly qualified personnel would be needed to maintain the associated electronics. Thus, there was a crisis innaval electronics, especially radar.
The crisis was solved through the Electronics Training Program - an activity of almost unbelievable intensity, cramming the major topics of a standard electrical engineering curriculum into less than a year. The program began in mid-1942 as a combined effort of six engineering colleges and several highly advanced Navy schools. Captain William C. Eddy was largely responsible for its coordination. An admissions examination, commonly called the Eddy Test, was used in selecting the students.
Chapters 1 and 2 review the evolution of electronics during the first four decades of the 20th century. Chapter 3 examines the avalanche of radar and the resulting crisis. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 cover in detail the Electronics Training Program -- its origin, curriculum, locations, facilities, and key personnel. Information on the many types of wartime electronic systems is given in Appendix I, and Appendix II summarizes radar developments in other countries. Extensive pictures are included throughout the book.
During the war years, about 30,000 men made it through the Navy's electronics training, corresponding roughly to 6 percent of those initially taking the Eddy Test and 35 percent of those admitted to the program. The final appendix of this book gives brief biographies of 33 representative graduates, members of what Tom Brokaw has called "the greatest generation."

This book presents design methods and considerations for digitally-assisted wideband millimeter-wave transmitters. It addresses comprehensively both RF design and digital implementation simultaneously, in order to design energy- and cost-efficient high-performance transmitters for mm-wave high-speed communications. It covers the complete design flow, from link budget assessment to the transistor-level design of different RF front-end blocks, such as mixers and power amplifiers, presenting different alternatives and discussing the existing trade-offs. The authors also analyze the effect of the imperfections of these blocks in the overall performance, while describing techniques to correct and compensate for them digitally. Well-known techniques are revisited, and some new ones are described, giving examples of their applications and proving them in real integrated circuits.

Starting from voice services with simple terminals, today a mobile device is nothing sort of a small PC in the form of smart-phones. The result has been a huge increase in data-services giving mobile communication access to critical aspects of human society / life. This has led to standardization of SAE/LTE (System Architecture Evolution / Long Term Evolution) by 3GPP and IEEE 802.16e / WiMAX. Together with penetration of mobile communications and new standardization come new security issues and thus the need for new security solutions. This book provides a fresh look at those security aspects, with main focus on the latest security developments of 3GPP SAE/LTE and WiMAX. SAE/LTE is also known as Evolved Packet System (EPS).The intended audience for this book is mobile network and device architects, designers, researchers and students. The goal of the authors, who have a combined experience of more than 25 years in mobile security standardization, architecture, research, and education, is to provide the book?s readers with a fresh and up-to-date look at the architecture and challenges of EPS and WiMAX security. This book includes 6 chapters, where the first 3 chapters are intended to be introductory ones, and the remaining 3 chapters provide more in-depth discussions. The book starts with Chapter 1 where we give a background of Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) activity and requirements. Following explanation of NGMN, Chapter 2 provides an overview of security, telecommunication systems and their requirements. Chapter 3 provides some background on standardization. Chapter 4 discusses the EPS (or SAE/LTE) security architecture developed by 3GPP. In particular, this chapter covers the authentication and key agreement method for SAE/LTE together with newly defined key hierarchy. This chapter also addresses the challenging aspects of SAE/LTE interworking and mobility with UMTS together with the necessary key-exchange technologies. The focus of Chapter 5 is WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) security. Chapter 5 provides an in-depth discussion of the WiMAX security requirements, the authentication aspects of PKMv2, and the overall WiMAX network security aspects. In Chapter 6 we briefly cover security for (i) Home(evolved)NodeB (H(e)NB) is the Femto solution from 3GPP), (ii) Machine-to-Machine (M2M) security and (iii) Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) and Group Key Management.

This book develops a methodology for the real-time coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and phonons in nanostructures, both isolated structures and those open to an environment. It then applies this technique to both fundamental and practical problems that are relevant, in particular, to nanodevice physics, laser-matter interaction, and radiation damage in living tissue. The interaction between electrons and atomic vibrations (phonons) is an example of how a process at the heart of quantum dynamics can impact our everyday lives. This is e.g. how electrical current generates heat, making your toaster work. It is also a key process behind many crucial problems down to the atomic and molecular scale, such as the functionality of nanoscale electronic devices, the relaxation of photo-excited systems, the energetics of systems under irradiation, and thermoelectric effects. Electron-phonon interactions represent a difficult many-body problem. Fairly standard techniques are available for tackling cases in which one of the two subsystems can be treated as a steady-state bath for the other, but determining the simultaneous coupled dynamics of the two poses a real challenge. This book tackles precisely this problem.

Introduction to Linear Control Systems is designed as a standard introduction to linear control systems for all those who one way or another deal with control systems. It can be used as a comprehensive up-to-date textbook for a one-semester 3-credit undergraduate course on linear control systems as the first course on this topic at university. This includes the faculties of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, chemical and petroleum engineering, industrial engineering, civil engineering, bio-engineering, economics, mathematics, physics, management and social sciences, etc. The book covers foundations of linear control systems, their raison detre, different types, modelling, representations, computations, stability concepts, tools for time-domain and frequency-domain analysis and synthesis, and fundamental limitations, with an emphasis on frequency-domain methods. Every chapter includes a part on further readings where more advanced topics and pertinent references are introduced for further studies. The presentation is theoretically firm, contemporary, and self-contained. Appendices cover Laplace transform and differential equations, dynamics, MATLAB and SIMULINK, treatise on stability concepts and tools, treatise on Routh-Hurwitz method, random optimization techniques as well as convex and non-convex problems, and sample midterm and endterm exams. The book is divided to the sequel 3 parts plus appendices. PART I: In this part of the book, chapters 1-5, we present foundations of linear control systems. This includes: the introduction to control systems, their raison detre, their different types, modelling of control systems, different methods for their representation and fundamental computations, basic stability concepts and tools for both analysis and design, basic time domain analysis and design details, and the root locus as a stability analysis and synthesis tool. PART II: In this part of the book, Chapters 6-9, we present what is generally referred to as the frequency domain methods. This refers to the experiment of applying a sinusoidal input to the system and studying its output. There are basically three different methods for representation and studying of the data of the aforementioned frequency response experiment: these are the Nyquist plot, the Bode diagram, and the Krohn-Manger-Nichols chart. We study these methods in details. We learn that the output is also a sinusoid with the same frequency but generally with different phase and magnitude. By dividing the output by the input we obtain the so-called sinusoidal or frequency transfer function of the system which is the same as the transfer function when the Laplace variable s is substituted with . Finally we use the Bode diagram for the design process. PART III: In this part, Chapter 10, we introduce some miscellaneous advanced topics under the theme fundamental limitations which should be included in this undergraduate course at least in an introductory level. We make bridges between some seemingly disparate aspects of a control system and theoretically complement the previously studied subjects. Appendices: The book contains seven appendices. Appendix A is on the Laplace transform and differential equations. Appendix B is an introduction to dynamics. Appendix C is an introduction to MATLAB, including SIMULINK. Appendix D is a survey on stability concepts and tools. A glossary and road map of the available stability concepts and tests is provided which is missing even in the research literature. Appendix E is a survey on the Routh-Hurwitz method, also missing in the literature. Appendix F is an introduction to random optimization techniques and convex and non-convex problems. Finally, appendix G presents sample midterm and endterm exams, which are class-tested several times.

Aims to teach the reader of the underlying principles and practical applications of digital A/V, and to show where technology is heading in the 21st century. The book shows how to screen and select A/V system components, and how to choose the best design approaches for a particular system. Broadcast and computer system-design engineers should find this a useful text for an understanding of analogue-digital conversion, video cameras, digital transmission and processing, compression, recording and storage, post-production, and more.

This text deals with signal processing as an important aspect of electronic communications in its role of transmitting information, and the language of its expression. It develops the required mathematics in an interesting and informative way, leading to confidence on the part of the reader. The first part of the book focuses on continuous-time models, and contains chapters on signals and linear systems, and on system responses. Fourier methods, so vital in the study of information theory, are developed prior to a discussion of methods for the design of analogue filters. The second part of the book is directed towards discrete-time signals and systems. There is full development of the z- and discrete Fourier transforms to support the chapter on digital filter design.
All preceding material in the book is drawn together in the final chapter on some important aspects of speech processing which provides an up-to-date example of the use of the theory. Topics considered include a speech production model, linear predictive filters, lattice filters and cepstral analysis, with application to recognition of non-nasal voiced speech and formant estimation.
In addition to course requirement for undergraduates studying electrical engineering, applied mathematics, and branches of computer science involving such signal processing as speak synthesis, computer vision and robotics, this book should provide a valuable reference source for post-graduate research work in industry and academia.
An elementary knowledge of algebra (e.g. partial fractions) is a prerequisite, and also calculus including differential equations. A knowledge of complex numbers and of the basic concept of a function of a complex variable is also needed.
Deals with signal processing as an important aspect of electronic communications in its role of transmitting information, and the language of its expressionTopics considered include a speech production model, linear predictive filters, lattice filters and cepstral analysis, with application to recognition of non-nasal voiced speech and formant estimation

Time Domain Electromagnetics deals with a specific technique in electromagnetics within the general area of electrical engineering. This mathematical method has become a standard for a wide variety of applications for design and problem solving. This method of analysis in electromagnetics is directly related to advances in cellular and mobile communications technology, as well as traditional EM areas such as radar, antennas, and wave propagation. Most of the material is available in the research journals which is difficult for a non-specialist to locate, read, understand, and effectively use for the problem at hand.

* Only book currently available to practicing engineers and research scientists exclusively devoted to this subject
* Includes contributions by the world's leading experts in electromagnetics
* Presents the most popular methods used in time domain analysis are included at one place with thorough discussion of the methods in an easily understandable style
* In each chapter, many simple and practical examples are discussed thoroughly to illustrate the salient points of the material presented
* All chapters are written in a consistent style that allows the book to be of use for self-study by professionals as well as for use in a graduate-level course in electrical engineering

Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) involve substituting machines capable of performing a wide and redefinable variety of tasks for machines dedicated to the performance of specific tasks. FMS can also be programmed to handle new products, thus extending the machines' life cycles. Thus they represent a change from "standardized goods produced by customized machines" to "customized goods produced by standardized machines." This volume contains new and updated material in this field, and will be of great interest to researchers, managers and students concerned with problems related to flexible manufacturing systems.