This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of biosensor research and development for specialists and non-specialists. It introduces the fundamentals of the subject with relevant characteristics of transducer elements, as well as biochemical recognition molecules. This book is ideal for researchers of nanotechnology, materials science and biophysics.

This book provides a basic understanding of spectroscopic ellipsometry, with a focus on characterization methods of a broad range of solar cell materials/devices, from traditional solar cell materials (Si, CuInGaSe2, and CdTe) to more advanced emerging materials (Cu2ZnSnSe4, organics, and hybrid perovskites), fulfilling a critical need in the photovoltaic community. The book describes optical constants of a variety of semiconductor light absorbers, transparent conductive oxides and metals that are vital for the interpretation of solar cell characteristics and device simulations. It is divided into four parts: fundamental principles of ellipsometry; characterization of solar cell materials/structures; ellipsometry applications including optical simulations of solar cell devices and online monitoring of film processing; and the optical constants of solar cell component layers.

Interest in the area of control of systems defined by partial differential Equations has increased strongly in recent years. A major reason has been the requirement of these systems for sensible continuum mechanical modelling and optimization or control techniques which account for typical physical phenomena. Particular examples of problems on which substantial progress has been made are the control and stabilization of mechatronic structures, the control of growth of thin films and crystals, the control of Laser and semi-conductor devices, and shape optimization problems for turbomachine blades, shells, smart materials and microdiffractive optics. This volume contains original articles by world reknowned experts in the fields of optimal control of partial differential equations, shape optimization, numerical methods for partial differential equations and fluid dynamics, all of whom have contributed to the analysis and solution of many of the problems discussed. The collection provides a state-of-the-art overview of the most challenging and exciting recent developments in the field. It is geared towards postgraduate students and researchers dealing with the theoretical and practical aspects of a wide variety of high technology problems in applied mathematics, fluid control, optimal design, and computer modelling.

Technology has brought about the age of convenience, but at a hefty cost. As a result of a growing production demand on a global scale, adhesive bonding operations also generate a huge amount of hazardous waste. Adhesive bonding, an integral step in manufacturing across several sectors, is one of many culprits of the unprecedented overproduction and environmental burden of municipal, industrial, and hazardous waste. If a cleaner, greener bonding process is formulated, hazardous waste production can be reined in and the world can be safer. Using Lasers as Safe Alternatives for Adhesive Bonding: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that analyzes the new conditions for laser processing in the context of adhesive bonding. The book includes the results of experimental research, giving grounds to believe that laser technology has a future in the preparation of products for bonding. From this research, the book presents conclusions for eliminating poisonous chemicals, a threat to humans and the environment, and the burden of liquid and solid waste. It further outlines limitations and requirements imposed on people, such as the need to use personal protective equipment, to establish specific work procedures to ensure the safety of working with lasers, with a view to the future implementation of laser technology in manufacturing facilities. Featuring coverage of a wide range of topics including static strength, surface preparation, and beam impact, this book is ideally designed for engineers, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

Robotic marine vessels can be used for a wide range of purposes, including defence, marine science, offshore energy and hydrographic surveys, and environmental surveys and protection. Such vessels need to meet a variety of criteria: they must be able to operate in salt water, and to communicate and be controlled over large distances, even when submerged or in inclement weather. Further challenges include 3D navigation of individual vehicles, groups or squadrons. This book covers the current state of research in navigation, modelling and control of marine autonomous vehicles, and deals with various related topics, including collision avoidance, communication, and a range of applications. It provides valuable insights for an audience of researchers, academics and postgraduate students interested in autonomous marine vessels, robotics, and electrical and automobile engineering.

These proceedings present selected research papers from CSNC2017, held during 23th-25th May in Shanghai, China. The theme of CSNC2017 is Positioning, Connecting All. These papers discuss the technologies and applications of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the latest progress made in the China BeiDou System (BDS) especially. They are divided into 12 topics to match the corresponding sessions in CSNC2017, which broadly covered key topics in GNSS. Readers can learn about the BDS and keep abreast of the latest advances in GNSS techniques and applications.

Offers an understanding of the applications and supporting technologies associated with digital video communications. The text also shows how to provide reliable, flexible and robust video transmission over networks. It begins with a discussion of the new and emerging applications of digital video communications including tele-medicine, videoconferencing and distance learning, and introduces the key systems required to support digital video: the Internet, ATM networks and Broadband ISDN. It also explores near future developments to the Internet that will support real-time video traffic.

The Second Edition is an updated revision to the authors highly successful and widely used introduction to the principles and application of the statistical theory of signal detection. This book emphasizes those theories that have been found to be particularly useful in practice including principles applied to detection problems encountered in digital communications, radar, and sonar.
Detection processing based upon the fast Fourier transform

This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials and Devices, which was conceived as a major contribution to large-scale efforts to foster Indian research and development in the field in close collaboration with the community of non-resident Indian researchers from all over the world. The research articles collected in this volume - selected from among the submissions for their intrinsic quality and originality, as well as for their potential value for further collaborations - document and report on a wide range of recent and significant results for various applications and scientific developments in the areas of Materials and Devices. The technical sessions covered include photovoltaics and energy storage, semiconductor materials and devices, sensors, smart and polymeric materials, optoelectronics, nanotechnology and nanomaterials, MEMS and NEMS, as well as emerging technologies.

Explains the reasons, limitations and trade-offs inherent to communications satellites. The first half deals with link power budgets as well as communications hardware and examples of complete link budgets. Spacecraft technology and a description of the objectives and basic operating methods of each of the major supporting subsystems are covered in the last half. Contains end-of-chapter exercises and solutions.

Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks discusses this unavoidable issue in the application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). To guarantee efficiency and durability in a network, the science must go beyond hardware solutions and seek alternative software solutions that allow for better data control from the source to delivery. Data transfer must obey different routing protocols, depending on the application type and network architecture. The correct protocol should allow for fluid information flow, as well as optimizing power consumption and resources - a challenge faced by dense networks. The topics covered in this book provide answers to these needs by introducing and exploring computer-based tools and protocol strategies for low power consumption and the implementation of routing mechanisms which include several levels of intervention, ranging from deployment to network operation.

This book provides a new approach to the control of food transformation processes, emphasizing the advantage of considering the system as a multivariable one, and taking a holistic approach to the decision-making process in the plant, considering not only the technical but also the economic implications of these decisions. In addition, it presents a hierarchical structure for the global control of the plant, and includes appropriate techniques for each of the control layers. The book addresses the challenges of modeling food transformation processes, using both traditional system-identification techniques and, where these prove impractical, models based on expert knowledge and using fuzzy systems. The construction of optimal controllers for each of these types of models is also discussed, as a means to close a feedback loop on the higher-level outputs of the process. Finally, the problem of production planning is covered from two standpoints: the traditional batch-sizing problem, and the planning of production throughout the season. Systematic season-wide production planning is built upon the models constructed for the control of the plant, and incorporates market- and business-specific information. Examples based on the processing of various foodstuffs help to illustrate the text throughout, while the book's closing chapter presents a case study on advances in the processing of olive oil. Given its scope, the book will primarily be of interest to two groups of readers: food engineering practitioners and students, who are familiar with the characteristics of food processes but have little or no background in control engineering; and control engineering researchers, students and practitioners, whose situation is just the opposite, and who wish to learn more about food engineering and its specific challenges for control. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

This book reports on the formulation of a multi-stage optimization framework for the Danish power system, taking into account the real operational cost, the voltage constraints and the uncertainty associated to the forecasting errors of the wind power. It describes in detail the implementation of this framework into a simulation platform and its validation in real-world applications. The book especially focuses on automatic voltage control systems and on methods to handle uncertainty in them. All in all, it provides readers with a comprehensive overview of power system optimization and future trends in power system operation.

This book offers state of the art information about a novel range of applications for electromagnetic reverberation chambers. It is written by international experts in electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and antenna design and measurement. For each application area a renowned researcher introduces the general concepts and then describes the recent advances in that field. The following topics are thus addressed in the context of reverberation chambers in the 9 chapters of the book: Calibration of reverberation chambers with the "well stirred condition" method Performance assessment of the most popular stirring techniques for broadband tests Probabilistic model in the context of radiated susceptibility tests Over-the-air testing of wireless devices Material absorption and dosimetry for animal exposure Characterization of antenna efficiency and radiation pattern Radar cross section estimation Finally, a concluding chapter identifies and explores some of the exciting developments and open issues that represent emerging trends in reverberation chamber research. The book is aimed at advanced students and researchers in signal processing, antenna design or EMC who need to know about new applications of reverberation chambers.

A concise, updated guide to the 3GPP LTE Security Standardization specifications

A welcome Revised Edition of the successful "LTE Security" addressing the security architecture for SAE/LTE, which is based on elements of the security architectures for GSM and 3G, but which needed a major redesign due to the significantly increased complexity, and different architectural and business requirements of fourth generation systems. The authors explain in detail the security mechanisms employed to meet these requirements. The specifications generated by standardization bodies only inform about how to implement the system (and this only to the extent required for interoperability), but almost never inform readers about why things are done the way they are. Furthermore, specifications tend to be readable only for a small group of experts and lack the context of the broader picture. The book fills this gap by providing first hand information from insiders who participated in decisively shaping SAE/LTE security in the relevant standardization body, 3GPP, and can therefore explain the rationale for design decisions in this area.A concise, fully updated guide to the 3GPP LTE Security Standardization specificationsDescribes the essential elements of LTE and SAE Security, written by leading experts who participated in decisively shaping SAE/LTE security in the relevant standardization body, 3GPPExplains the rationale behind the standards specifications giving readers a broader understanding of the context to these specificationsIncludes new chapters covering 3GPP work on system enhancements for MTC, plus application layer security in ETSI TC M2M and embedded smart card in ETSI SCP; Security for Machine-type Communication, Relay Node Security, and Future Challenges, including Voice over LTE, MTC, Home base stations, LIPA/SIPTO, and New Cryptographic Algorithms

Essential reading for System engineers, developers and people in technical sales working in the area of LTE and LTE security, communication engineers and software developers in mobile communication field.

One of the crucial challenges for future smart cities is to devise a citywide network infrastructure capable of effectively guaranteeing resource-efficient and reliable communications while managing the complexity of heterogeneous devices and access technologies. This edited book highlights and showcases state of the art research and innovations in 5G and beyond wireless communications technologies for connected smart cities. The main objectives of this work include the exploration of recent advances and application potentials of various communication technologies as promising enablers for future networked smart cities, the investigation of design-specific issues for the integration of different architectural components of smart cities, and addressing various challenges and identifying opportunities in terms of interoperability of potential solutions. The book is aimed at a core and interdisciplinary audience of engineers, researchers and professionals working on smart cities concepts and supporting the integration of next-generation information, communication, networking and sensing technologies. It will also be a very useful ancillary for advanced students and other professionals working on next-generation communication networks.

Analog electronics is the simplest way to start a fun, informative, learning program. Beginning Analog Electronics Through Projects, Second Edition was written with the needs of beginning hobbyists and students in mind. This revision of Andrew Singmin's popular Beginning Electronics Through Projects provides practical exercises, building techniques, and ideas for useful electronics projects. Additionally, it features new material on analog and digital electronics, and new projects for troubleshooting test equipment.
Published in the tradition of Beginning Electronics Through Projects and Beginning Digital Electronics Through Projects, this book limits theory to "need-to-know" information that will allow you to get started right away without complex math. Commonly used electronic components and their functions are described briefly in everyday terms. Ideal for progressive learning, each of the projects builds on the theory and component knowledge developed in earlier chapters. Step-by-step instructions facilitate one's learning of techniques for component identification, soldering, troubleshooting, and much more.
Includes instructions for using a general purpose assembly board
Practical, enjoyable, useful approach to learning about electronics
Features twelve easy and useful projects designed to familiarize beginners and hobbyists with the most commonly used ICs.

The increasing demand for wireless communications has revolutionised the lifestyle of today's society and one of the key components of wireless technology is antenna design. Broadband planar antennas are the newest generation of antennas boasting the attractive features required, such as broad operating bandwidth, low profile, light weight, low cost and ease of integration into arrays or Radio Frequency (RF) circuits, to make them ideal components of modern communications systems. Research into small and broadband antennas has been spurred by the rapid development of portable wireless communication devices such as cell phones, laptops and personal digital assistants.

This all-encompassing volume, "Broadband Planar Antennas: Design and Applications," systematically describes the techniques for all planar antennas from microstrip patch antennas, suspended plate antennas and planar inverted-L/F antennas to planar dipole antennas. Also discussed are some of the most recent outcomes such as broadband antenna issues in promising ultra-wideband applications. Clearly describes the fundamentals of planar antennas and categorises them according to their radiation characteristics Introduces the advanced progress in broadband planar antennas for modern wireless communications Includes a wealth of case studies, design guidelines, figures and tables

This text is essential reading for antenna, RF and microwave engineers and manufacturers within the telecommunications industry. Its highly accessible approach will also appeal to researchers, postgraduate students and academic lecturers.

Advances in Laser Materials Processing: Technology, Research and Application, Second Edition, provides a revised, updated and expanded overview of the area, covering fundamental theory, technology and methods, traditional and emerging applications and potential future directions. The book begins with an overview of the technology and challenges to applying the technology in manufacturing. Parts Two thru Seven focus on essential techniques and process, including cutting, welding, annealing, hardening and peening, surface treatments, coating and materials deposition. The final part of the book considers the mathematical modeling and control of laser processes. Throughout, chapters review the scientific theory underpinning applications, offer full appraisals of the processes described and review potential future trends.