This book presents the proceedings of the International Virtual Conference on Industry 4.0 (IVCI4.0 2020). This conference brings together specialists from the academia and industry sectors to promote the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and information on the latest developments and applied technologies in the field of Industry 4.0. The book discusses a wide range of topics such as the design of smart and intelligent products, developments in recent technologies, rapid prototyping and reverse engineering, multistage manufacturing processes, manufacturing automation in the Industry 4.0 model, cloud-based products, and cyber-physical and reconfigurable systems, etc. The volume supports the transfer of vital knowledge to the next generation of academics and practitioners.

Volume I: A low-dimensional magnet is key to the next-generation of electronic devices. In some aspects, low dimensional magnets refer to nanostructured magnets or single-molecule magnets. They are widely used in biomedicine, technology, industries, and environmental remediation. Emerging Applications of Low Dimensional Magnets covers current state-of-the-art progress in ferromagnetic materials, experimental studies of nanomaterials-based spintronics, and directions for future approaches, applications, and devices. Experts from a variety of areas such as biomedical engineering, materials science, nanotechnology, and electronic engineering have contributed to this handbook making it the most up-to-date and interdisciplinary reference of its kind in the field of low dimensional magnets. Volume II: Low-dimensional magnetic materials find their wide applications in many areas, including spintronics, memory devices, catalysis, biomedical, sensors, electromagnetic shielding, aerospace, and energy. This book provides a comprehensive discussion on magnetic nanomaterials for emerging applications. Fundamentals along with applications of low-dimensional magnetic materials in spintronics, catalysis, memory, biomedicals, toxic waste removal, aerospace, telecommunications, batteries, supercapacitors, flexible electronics, and many more are covered in detail to provide a full spectrum of their advanced applications. This book offers fresh aspects of nanomagnetic materials and innovative directions to scientists, researchers, and students. It will be of particular interest to materials scientists, engineers, physicists, chemists, and researchers in electronic and spintronic industries, and is suitable as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate studies.

This volume reviews the state of the art of thin film diamond, a very promising new semiconductor that may one day rival silicon as the material of choice for electronics. Diamond has the following important characteristics; it is resistant to radiation damage, chemically inert and biocompatible and it will become "the material" for bio-electronics, in-vivo applications, radiation detectors and high-frequency devices.
Thin-Film Diamond is the first book to summarize state of the art of CVD diamond in depth. It covers the most recent results regarding growth and structural properties, doping and defect characterization, hydrogen in and on diamond as well as surface properties in general, applications of diamond in electrochemistry, as detectors, and in surface acoustic wave devices.
- Accessible by both experts and non-experts in the field of semi-conductors research and technology, each chapter is written in a tutorial format
- Helping engineers to manufacture devices with optimized electronic properties
- Truly international, this volume contains chapters written by recognized experts representing academic and industrial institutions from Europe, Japan and the US

Discrete-Time and Discrete-Space Dynamical Systems provides a systematic characterization of the similarities and differences of several types of discrete-time and discrete-space dynamical systems, including: Boolean control networks; nondeterministic finite-transition systems; finite automata; labelled Petri nets; and cellular automata. The book's perspective is primarily based on topological properties though it also employs semitensor-product and graph-theoretic methods where appropriate. It presents a series of fundamental results: invertibility, observability, detectability, reversiblity, etc., with applications to systems biology. Academic researchers with backgrounds in applied mathematics, engineering or computer science and practising engineers working with discrete-time and discrete-space systems will find this book a helpful source of new understanding for this increasingly important class of systems. The basic results to be found within are of fundamental importance for further study of related problems such as automated synthesis and safety control in cyber-physical systems using formal methods.

Advanced research in the field of mechatronics and robotics represents a unifying interdisciplinary and intelligent engineering science paradigm. It is a holistic, concurrent, and interdisciplinary engineering science that identifies novel possibilities of synergizing and fusing different disciplines. The Handbook of Research on Advanced Mechatronic Systems and Intelligent Robotics is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of knowledge in both theoretical and practical skills of intelligent robotics and mechatronics. While highlighting topics including green technology, machine learning, and virtual manufacturing, this book is ideally designed for researchers, students, engineers, and computer practitioners seeking current research on developing innovative ideas for intelligent robotics and autonomous and smart interdisciplinary mechatronic products.

This is a comprehensive textbook and reference that provides a solid background in active sensing technology. Beginning with a historical overview and an introductory section on signal generation, filtering and modulation, it follows with a section on radiometry (infrared and microwave) as a background to the active sensing process. The core of the book is concerned with active sensing, starting with the basics of time-of-flight sensors (operational principles, components), and goes through the derivation of the radar range equation, and the detection of echo signals, both fundamental to the understanding of radar, sonar and lidar imaging. Several chapters cover signal propagation of both electromagnetic and acoustic energy, target characteristics, stealth and clutter. The remainder of the book involves the basics of the range measurement process, active imaging with an emphasis on noise and linear frequency modulation techniques, Doppler processing, and target tracking.

This book covers connectivity and edge computing solutions for representative Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, including industrial IoT, rural IoT, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and mobile virtual reality (VR). Based on their unique characteristics and requirements, customized solutions are designed with targets such as supporting massive connections or seamless mobility and achieving low latency or high energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the book highlights the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in future IoT networks and showcases AI-based connectivity and edge computing solutions. The solutions presented in this book serve the overall purpose of facilitating an increasingly connected and intelligent world. The potential benefits of the solutions include increased productivity in factories, improved connectivity in rural areas, enhanced safety for vehicles, and enriched entertainment experiences for mobile users. Featuring state-of-the-art research in the IoT field, this book can help answer the question of how to connect billions of diverse devices and enable seamless data collection and processing in future IoT. The content also provides insights regarding the significance of customizing use case-specific solutions as well as approaches of using various AI methods to empower IoT. This book targets researchers and graduate students working in the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering, and computer science as a secondary textbook or reference. Professionals in industry who work in the field of IoT will also find this book useful.

Advances in Imaging & Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics & Electron Physics and Advances in Optical & Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

This book shares important findings on the application of robotics in industry using advanced mechanisms, including software and hardware. It presents a collection of recent trends and research on various advanced computing paradigms such as soft computing, robotics, smart automation, power control, and uncertainty analysis. The book constitutes the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Application of Robotics in Industry using Advanced Mechanisms (ARIAM2019), which offered a platform for sharing original research findings, presenting innovative ideas and applications, and comparing notes on various aspects of robotics. The contributions highlight the latest research and industrial applications of robotics, and discuss approaches to improving the smooth functioning of industries. Moreover, they focus on designing solutions for complex engineering problems and designing system components or processes to meet specific needs, with due considerations for public health and safety, including cultural, societal, and environmental considerations. Taken together, they offer a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, engineers, professionals and students alike.

This book focuses on conceptual frameworks that are helpful in understanding the basics of electronics - what the feedback system is, the principle of an oscillator, the operational working of an amplifier, and other relevant topics. It also provides an overview of the technologies supporting electronic systems, like OP-AMP, transistor, filter, ICs, and diodes. It consists of seven chapters, written in an easy and understandable language, and featuring relevant block diagrams, circuit diagrams, valuable and interesting solved examples, and important test questions. Further, the book includes up-to-date illustrations, exercises, and numerous worked examples to illustrate the theory and to demonstrate their use in practical designs.

This book discusses some research results for CMOS-compatible silicon-based optical devices and interconnections. With accurate simulation and experimental demonstration, it provides insights on silicon-based modulation, advanced multiplexing, polarization and efficient coupling controlling technologies, which are widely used in silicon photonics. Researchers, scientists, engineers and especially students in the field of silicon photonics can benefit from the book. This book provides valuable knowledge, useful methods and practical design that can be considered in emerging silicon-based optical interconnections and communications. And it also give some guidance to student how to organize and complete an good dissertation.

E-Commerce and M-Commerce Technologies explores the emerging area of mobile commerce. The chapters in this book look specifically at the development of emerging technologies and their application in Internet commerce. From E-business to mobile database developments, this book offers a compilation of readings that will prove useful to individuals and organizations in the academic study and research surrounding mobile commerce as well as in the practical application of these technologies.

This book summarizes the latest findings by leading researchers in the field of photon science in Russia and Japan. It discusses recent advances in the field of photon science and chemistry, covering a wide range of topics, including photochemistry and spectroscopy of novel materials, magnetic properties of solids, photobiology and imaging, and spectroscopy of solids and nanostructures. Based on lectures by respected scientists at the forefront of photon and molecular sciences, the book helps keep readers abreast of the current developments in the field.

The latest EM techniques for detecting concealed targets, whether explosives, weapons, or people

Extensively illustrated from basic principles to system design, the fundamental concepts of RF, microwave, millimeter wave, and terahertz detection systems and techniques to find concealed targets are explained in this publication. These concealed targets may be explosive devices or weapons, which can be buried in the ground, concealed in building structures, hidden under clothing, or inside luggage. Concealed targets may also be people who are stowaways or victims of an avalanche or earthquake.

Although much information is available in conference proceedings and professional society publications, this book brings all the relevant information in a single, expertly written and organized volume.

Readers gain an understanding of the physics underlying electromagnetic (EM) detection methods, as well as the factors that affect the performance of EM detection equipment, helping them choose the right type of equipment and techniques to meet the demands of particular tasks. Among the topics covered are:

Ultra-wideband radar and ground-penetrating radar

Millimeter, sub-millimeter, and terahertz systems

Radar systems including Doppler, harmonic, impulse, FMCW, and holographic

Radiometric systems

Nuclear quadrupole resonance systems

Author David Daniels has many years of experience designing and deploying EM systems to detect concealed targets. As a result, this publication is essential for scientists and engineers who are developing or using EM equipment and techniques for a diverse range of purposes, including homeland security, crime prevention, or the detection of persons.

This book fills in details that are often left out of modern books on the theory of antennas. The starting point is a discussion of some general principles that apply to all electronic systems and to antennas in particular. Just as time domain functions can be expanded in terms of sine waves using Fourier transforms, spatial domain functions can be expanded in terms of plane waves also using Fourier transforms, and K-space gain is the spatial Fourier transform of the aperture weighting function. Other topics discussed include the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) formulation of antenna gain and what is missing in this formulation, the effect of sky temperature on the often specified G/T ratio of antennas, sidelobe control using conventional and novel techniques, and ESA digital beamforming versus adaptive processing to limit interference. Presents content the author derived when first asked to evaluate the performance of an electronically scanned array under design with manufacturing imperfections and design limitations; Enables readers to understand the firm theoretical foundation of antenna gain even when they must start from well-known formulations rather than first principles; Explains in a straightforward manner the relationship between antenna gain and aperture area; Discusses the relationship between sidelobe control algorithms and aperture shape, how to take advantage of it, and what the penalties are; Shows the equivalence of Minimum-Variance, Distortionless Response (MVDR) and Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) and how these algorithms can be used with ESA subarrays to mitigate interference.

This book reflects the latest developments in variable structure systems (VSS) and sliding mode control (SMC), highlighting advances in various branches of the VSS/SMC field, e.g., from conventional SMC to high-order SMC, from the continuous-time domain to the discrete-time domain, from theories to applications, etc. The book consists of three parts and 16 chapters: in the first part, new VSS/SMC algorithms are proposed and their properties are analyzed, while the second focuses on the use of VSS/SMC techniques to solve a variety of control problems; the third part examines the applications of VSS/SMC to real-time systems. The book introduces postgraduates and researchers to the state-of-the-art in VSS/SMC field, including the theory, methodology, and applications. Relative academic disciplines include Automation, Mathematics, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Instrument Science and Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, Transportation Engineering, Energy and Power Engineering, etc.

This book systematically introduces readers to laser imaging target detection principles and techniques. It covers the fundamentals of laser imaging and presents an extensive, up-to-date analysis of how to best use laser imaging to detect targets. This is followed by a comprehensive discussion of laser imaging target detection principles, laser imaging generation, and target detection methods. The book offers an invaluable resource for researchers, especially those who are engaged in the fields including target detection based on a laser imaging system, target detection and identification, remote sensing imaging and image processing. Additionally, it can be used as a reference book for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates of relevant majors.

This book addresses the needs of researchers and practitioners in the field of high-speed trains, especially those whose work involves safety and reliability issues in traction systems. It will appeal to researchers and graduate students at institutions of higher learning, research labs, and in the industrial R&D sector, catering to a readership from a broad range of disciplines including intelligent transportation, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, the biological sciences and engineering, economics, ecology, and the mathematical sciences.

This thesis explores several fundamental topics in mesoscopic circuitries that incorporate few electronic conduction channels. It reports a series of long-awaited experiments that establish a new state of the art. The first experiments address the quantized character of charge in circuits. We demonstrate the charge quantization criterion, observe the predicted charge quantization scaling and a crossover toward a universal behavior as temperature is increased. The second set of experiments addresses the unconventional quantum critical physics that arises in the multichannel Kondo model. We observe the predicted universal Kondo fixed points and validate the numerical renormalization group scaling curves. Away from the quantum critical point, we obtain a direct visualization of the development of a second-order quantum phase transition.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials-Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.

This text is a hands-on guide to time-frequency transforms for radar imaging and signal analysis. It explores more efficient ways to: extract dispersive scattering features; detect and extract weak signals in noise; form clear radar images; estimate parameters and perform motion compensation; detect and track moving targets in the synthetic aperture radar; and analyze vibration and rotation induced micro-Doppler. This resource introduces an image formation algorithm based on time-frequency-transforms, showing its advantage over the more conventional Fourier-based image formation. Referenced with over 170 equations and 80 illustrations, the book presents algorithms that help improve the result of radar imaging and signal processing. Moreover, the authors discuss future trends in time-frequency to analyze micro-Doppler, and provide a newly developed time-frequency approach to radar signal and image processing to help solve problems associated with conventional approaches.

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains.