This book focuses on control units, which are a vital part of modern digital systems, and responsible for the efficiency of controlled systems. The model of a finite state machine (FSM) is often used to represent the behavior of a control unit. As a rule, control units have irregular structures that make it impossible to design their logic circuits using the standard library cells. Design methods depend strongly on such factors as the FSM used, specific features of the logic elements implemented in the FSM logic circuit, and the characteristics of the control algorithm to be interpreted. This book discusses Moore and Mealy FSMs implemented with FPGA chips, including look-up table elements (LUT) and embedded memory blocks (EMB). It is crucial to minimize the number of LUTs and EMBs in an FSM logic circuit, as well as to make the interconnections between the logic elements more regular, and various methods of structural decompositions can be used to solve this problem. These methods are reduced to the presentation of an FSM circuit as a composition of different logic blocks, the majority of which implement systems of intermediate logic functions different (and much simpler) than input memory functions and FSM output functions. The structural decomposition results in multilevel FSM circuits having fewer logic elements than equivalent single-level circuits. The book describes well-known methods of structural decomposition and proposes new ones, examining their impact on the final amount of hardware in an FSM circuit. It is of interest to students and postgraduates in the area of Computer Science, as well as experts involved in designing digital systems with complex control units. The proposed models and design methods open new possibilities for creating logic circuits of control units with an optimal amount of hardware and regular interconnections.

This book presents the proceedings of the 5th IFToMM Symposium on Mechanism Design for Robotics, MEDER 2021, held in Poitiers, France, 23-25 June 2021. It gathers contributions by researchers from several countries on all major areas of robotic research, development and innovation, as well as new applications and current trends. The topics covered include: theoretical and computational kinematics, mechanism design, experimental mechanics, mechanics of robots, control issues of mechanical systems, machine intelligence, innovative mechanisms and applications, linkages and manipulators, micro-mechanisms, dynamics of machinery and multi-body systems. Given its scope, the book offers a source of information and inspiration for researchers seeking to improve their work and gather new ideas for future developments.

The effects of digital technology on the security industry require constant vigilance by security distributors, sales staff, and installation professionals. Today and for the foreseeable future, all security professionals must have at least a basic understanding of digital technology. "Digital CCTV" addresses this new challenge.
Topics convered include compression variables such as Lossless and Lossy, which are explained by reviewing Huffman and Run Length Encoding (RLE), and by relating these forms of compression to ZIP and Stuffit, which are commonly used in personal computers. A review of JPEG, motion JPEG, MPEG and wavelet compression schemes among others, with a comparison of the merits of each, is also provided. As "Digital CCTV" traces the stream of digital video flow from the computer industry through compression, transmission, display and storage, and explains how analog video signal is converted into a digital signal, the reader will learn and understand the mysteries of digital science.
* Explains industry concepts, acronyms and buzzwords acurately and clearly
* Covers history, current complexities, and the future effects of digital science
*Provides practical information about how digital video works, how digital video is stored and transmitted, what digital systems can and cannot accomplish, and what to expect from digital video equipment in modern CCTV systems

This book gathers a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Data and Information Sciences (ICDIS 2019), held at Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Agra, India, on March 29-30, 2019. In chapters written by leading researchers, developers, and practitioner from academia and industry, it covers virtually all aspects of computational sciences and information security, including central topics like artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and big data. Highlighting the latest developments and technical solutions, it will show readers from the computer industry how to capitalize on key advances in next-generation computer and communication technology.

For one- or two-semester, senior-level undergraduate courses in Communication Systems for Electrical and Computer Engineering majors. This text introduces the basic techniques used in modern communication systems and provides fundamental tools and methodologies used in the analysis and design of these systems. The authors emphasize digital communication systems, including new generations of wireless communication systems, satellite communications, and data transmission networks. A background in calculus, linear algebra, basic electronic circuits, linear system theory, and probability and random variables is assumed.

Fundamentals of Nonlinear Digital Filtering is the first book of its kind, presenting and evaluating current methods and applications in nonlinear digital filtering. Written for professors, researchers, and application engineers, as well as for serious students of signal processing, this is the only book available that functions as both a reference handbook and a textbook. Solid introductory material, balanced coverage of theoretical and practical aspects, and dozens of examples provide you with a self-contained, comprehensive information source on nonlinear filtering and its applications.

This textbook is based on 20 years of teaching a graduate-level course in random processes to a constituency extending beyond signal processing, communications, control, and networking, and including in particular circuits, RF and optics graduate students. In order to accommodate today's circuits students' needs to understand noise modeling, while covering classical material on Brownian motion, Poisson processes, and power spectral densities, the author has inserted discussions of thermal noise, shot noise, quantization noise and oscillator phase noise. At the same time, techniques used to analyze modulated communications and radar signals, such as the baseband representation of bandpass random signals, or the computation of power spectral densities of a wide variety of modulated signals, are presented. This book also emphasizes modeling skills, primarily through the inclusion of long problems at the end of each chapter, where starting from a description of the operation of a system, a model is constructed and then analyzed. Provides semester-length coverage of random processes, applicable to the analysis of electrical and computer engineering systems; Designed to be accessible to students with varying backgrounds in undergraduate mathematics and engineering; Includes solved examples throughout the discussion, as well as extensive problem sets at the end of every chapter; Develops and reinforces student's modeling skills, with inclusion of modeling problems in every chapter; Solutions for instructors included.

Cluster or co-cluster analyses are important tools in a variety of scientific areas. The introduction of this book presents a state of the art of already well-established, as well as more recent methods of co-clustering. The authors mainly deal with the two-mode partitioning under different approaches, but pay particular attention to a probabilistic approach. Chapter 1 concerns clustering in general and the model-based clustering in particular. The authors briefly review the classical clustering methods and focus on the mixture model. They present and discuss the use of different mixtures adapted to different types of data. The algorithms used are described and related works with different classical methods are presented and commented upon. This chapter is useful in tackling the problem of co-clustering under the mixture approach. Chapter 2 is devoted to the latent block model proposed in the mixture approach context. The authors discuss this model in detail and present its interest regarding co-clustering. Various algorithms are presented in a general context. Chapter 3 focuses on binary and categorical data. It presents, in detail, the appropriated latent block mixture models. Variants of these models and algorithms are presented and illustrated using examples. Chapter 4 focuses on contingency data. Mutual information, phi-squared and model-based co-clustering are studied. Models, algorithms and connections among different approaches are described and illustrated. Chapter 5 presents the case of continuous data. In the same way, the different approaches used in the previous chapters are extended to this situation. Contents 1. Cluster Analysis. 2. Model-Based Co-Clustering. 3. Co-Clustering of Binary and Categorical Data. 4. Co-Clustering of Contingency Tables. 5. Co-Clustering of Continuous Data. About the Authors Gerard Govaert is Professor at the University of Technology of Compiegne, France. He is also a member of the CNRS Laboratory Heudiasyc (Heuristic and diagnostic of complex systems). His research interests include latent structure modeling, model selection, model-based cluster analysis, block clustering and statistical pattern recognition. He is one of the authors of the MIXMOD (MIXtureMODelling) software. Mohamed Nadif is Professor at the University of Paris-Descartes, France, where he is a member of LIPADE (Paris Descartes computer science laboratory) in the Mathematics and Computer Science department. His research interests include machine learning, data mining, model-based cluster analysis, co-clustering, factorization and data analysis. Cluster Analysis is an important tool in a variety of scientific areas. Chapter 1 briefly presents a state of the art of already well-established as well more recent methods. The hierarchical, partitioning and fuzzy approaches will be discussed amongst others. The authors review the difficulty of these classical methods in tackling the high dimensionality, sparsity and scalability. Chapter 2 discusses the interests of coclustering, presenting different approaches and defining a co-cluster. The authors focus on co-clustering as a simultaneous clustering and discuss the cases of binary, continuous and co-occurrence data. The criteria and algorithms are described and illustrated on simulated and real data. Chapter 3 considers co-clustering as a model-based co-clustering. A latent block model is defined for different kinds of data. The estimation of parameters and co-clustering is tackled under two approaches: maximum likelihood and classification maximum likelihood. Hard and soft algorithms are described and applied on simulated and real data. Chapter 4 considers co-clustering as a matrix approximation. The trifactorization approach is considered and algorithms based on update rules are described. Links with numerical and probabilistic approaches are established. A combination of algorithms are proposed and evaluated on simulated and real data. Chapter 5 considers a co-clustering or bi-clustering as the search for coherent co-clusters in biological terms or the extraction of co-clusters under conditions. Classical algorithms will be described and evaluated on simulated and real data. Different indices to evaluate the quality of coclusters are noted and used in numerical experiments.

The primary aim of this volume is to provide researchers and engineers from both academic and industry with up-to-date coverage of new results in the field of robotic welding, intelligent systems and automation. The book is mainly based on papers selected from the 2019 International Workshop on Intelligentized Welding Manufacturing (IWIWM'2019) in USA. The articles show that the intelligentized welding manufacturing (IWM) is becoming an inevitable trend with the intelligentized robotic welding as the key technology. The volume is divided into four logical parts: Intelligent Techniques for Robotic Welding, Sensing of Arc Welding Processing, Modeling and Intelligent Control of Welding Processing, as well as Intelligent Control and its Applications in Engineering.

This book provides insights into research in the field of artificial intelligence in combination with robotics technologies. The integration of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies is a highly topical area for researchers and developers from academia and industry around the globe, and it is likely that artificial intelligence will become the main approach for the next generation of robotics research. The tremendous number of artificial intelligence algorithms and big data solutions has significantly extended the range of potential applications for robotic technologies, and has also brought new challenges for the artificial intelligence community. Sharing recent advances in the field, the book features papers by young researchers presented at the 4th International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 2019 (ISAIR2019), held in Daegu, Korea, on August 20-24, 2019.

Control Applications for Biomedical Engineering Systems presents different control engineering and modeling applications in the biomedical field. It is intended for senior undergraduate or graduate students in both control engineering and biomedical engineering programs. For control engineering students, it presents the application of various techniques already learned in theoretical lectures in the biomedical arena. For biomedical engineering students, it presents solutions to various problems in the field using methods commonly used by control engineers.

This book focuses on multi-model systems, describing how to apply intelligent technologies to model complex multi-model systems by combining stochastic jumping system, neural network and fuzzy models. It focuses on robust filtering, including finite-time robust filtering, finite-frequency robust filtering and higher order moment robust filtering schemes, as well as fault detection problems for multi-model jump systems, such as observer-based robust fault detection, filtering-based robust fault detection and neural network-based robust fault detection methods. The book also demonstrates the validity and practicability of the theoretical results using simulation and practical examples, like circuit systems, robot systems and power systems. Further, it introduces readers to methods such as finite-time filtering, finite-frequency robust filtering, as well as higher order moment and neural network-based fault detection methods for multi-model jumping systems, allowing them to grasp the modeling, analysis and design of the multi-model systems presented and implement filtering and fault detection analysis for various systems, including circuit, network and mechanical systems.

New technologies will have an increasing effect on prospects for development and growth in the world economy. Technology and Innovation in the International Economy contains extensive and detailed assessments of two key areas of technological innovation which present both a threat and an opportunity for developing countries: microelectronics and biotechnology.The two major review essays - Jeffrey James on microelectronic technology and Martin Fransman on biotechnology - assess the impact of these new technologies on production, trade, employment and welfare in developing countries. The introduction by Charles Cooper deals with recent advances in the economics of innovation and diffusion of new technologies, and attempts to build a bridge between the study of technology in the industrial sectors of developed countries and the type of technology policy needed in the developing countries. Policymakers, researchers and students will welcome the clarity and breadth of this important volume which contains much original analysis and detailed information on a major issue confronting developing and developed nations alike.

This book describes the efficient implementation of public-key cryptography (PKC) to address the security challenges of massive amounts of information generated by the vast network of connected devices, ranging from tiny Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags to powerful desktop computers. It investigates implementation aspects of post quantum PKC and homomorphic encryption schemes whose security is based on the hardness of the ring-learning with error (LWE) problem. The work includes designing an FPGA-based accelerator to speed up computation on encrypted data in the cloud computer. It also proposes a more practical scheme that uses a special module called recryption box to assist homomorphic function evaluation, roughly 20 times faster than the implementation without this module.

This book provides a comprehensive study of the research outcomes on memristor emulator circuits and includes various analog applications as examples. The authors describe in detail how to design different types of memristor emulators, using active and passive components for different applications. Most of the emulator circuits presented in this book are new and are the outcomes of the authors' recent research. Coverage also includes the latest technological advances in memristor and memristor emulators. Readers will benefit from an understanding of the fundamental concepts and potential applications related to memristors, since these emulator circuits can be built in the laboratory using inexpensive, off-the-shelf circuit components. Introduces readers to memristor emulator circuit design, using regular off-the-shelf circuit components; Describes analog applications of memristors that can be verified by the proposed emulator circuits; Includes a brief overview of the updated mathematical models of the memristor device, with different material implementations; Equips readers to understand the three fingerprints of memristors, which make them unique, compared to the three known, passive elements (resistor, inductor and capacitor).

Exploring Screen Culture via Apple's Mobile Devices: Life through the Looking Glass explores the role of mobile technologies in everyday life via the extended case study of Apple's mobile operating system (iOS) for the iPhone, iPad, and iPod. Via a detailed application (including numerous extended examples) of the experiences associated with Apple's iOS devices, Charles Soukup examines contemporary screen culture and how individuals navigate it via mobile technologies. Mobile devices provide a lifeline that sifts through, limits, and simplifies the complexities of rapid, vast, circulating information in postmodern culture. Particularly, simple, game-like applications with clear rules and numerical outcomes exceptionally focus, frame, and filter an overwhelming media-saturated culture. Rather than merely outlining the problems associated with a world dominated by digital screens, Exploring Screen Culture via Apple's Mobile Devices offers a means for understanding screen culture as well as viable solutions to the challenges facing contemporary social life.

This book provides a comprehensive survey of the technology of flash lamp annealing (FLA) for thermal processing of semiconductors. It gives a detailed introduction to the FLA technology and its physical background. Advantages, drawbacks and process issues are addressed in detail and allow the reader to properly plan and perform their own thermal processing. Moreover, this books gives a broad overview of the applications of flash lamp annealing, including a comprehensive literature survey. Several case studies of simulated temperature profiles in real material systems give the reader the necessary insight into the underlying physics and simulations. This book is a valuable reference work for both novice and advanced users.

This book focuses on the key technologies and scientific problems involved in emotional robot systems, such as multimodal emotion recognition (i.e., facial expression/speech/gesture and their multimodal emotion recognition) and emotion intention understanding, and presents the design and application examples of emotional HRI systems. Aiming at the development needs of emotional robots and emotional human-robot interaction (HRI) systems, this book introduces basic concepts, system architecture, and system functions of affective computing and emotional robot systems. With the professionalism of this book, it serves as a useful reference for engineers in affective computing, and graduate students interested in emotion recognition and intention understanding. This book offers the latest approaches to this active research area. It provides readers with the state-of-the-art methods of multimodal emotion recognition, intention understanding, and application examples of emotional HRI systems.

This book provides a unique and comprehensive overview of the latest advances, challenges and accomplishments in the rapidly growing field of theoretical and computational materials science. Today, an increasing number of industrial communities rely more and more on advanced atomic-scale methods to obtain reliable predictions of materials properties, complement qualitative experimental analyses and circumvent experimental difficulties. The book examines some of the latest and most advanced simulation techniques currently available, as well as up-to-date theoretical approaches adopted by a selected panel of twelve international research teams. It covers a wide range of novel and advanced materials, exploring their structural, elastic, optical, mass and electronic transport properties. The cutting-edge techniques presented appeal to physicists, applied mathematicians and engineers interested in advanced simulation methods in materials science. The book can also be used as additional literature for undergraduate and postgraduate students with majors in physics, chemistry, applied mathematics and engineering.

The Internet has provided hate groups with a relatively easy and cost-effective way to make their rhetoric of hatred available to an audience of millions. Realizing the Internet's communication potential, hate groups have posted an increasing number of online "hate sites," websites containing content that disparages a particular class of people. As the number of Internet hate sites has increased, the U.S. government has been called upon to ban these controversial websites. This comprehensive study explores whether there is a First Amendment basis for regulating U.S.-based hate sites. It identifies the various First Amendment tests developed by the federal courts for assessing the constitutionality of both non-mass-mediated hateful speech and Internet content, then examines a sample of U.S.-based hate sites to ascertain whether they contain constitutionally proscribable content under those standards. The study is unique in that it examines websites maintained by several different kinds of U.S.-based hate groups: Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazi, racist Skinhead, Christian Identity, Black separatist, neo-Confederate, White conservative, and pro-Jewish. Untangling the Web of Hate: Are Online "Hate Sites" Deserving of First Amendment Protection? is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to learn more about the content and constitutionality of Internet hate sites.

This book features selected papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Electromechanics and Robotics "Zavalishin's Readings" - ER(ZR) 2020, held in Ufa, Russia, on 15-18 April 2020. The contributions, written by professionals, researchers and students, cover topics in the field of automatic control systems, electromechanics, electric power engineering and electrical engineering, mechatronics, robotics, automation and vibration technologies. The Zavalishin's Readings conference was established as a tribute to the memory of Dmitry Aleksandrovich Zavalishin (1900-1968) - a Russian scientist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and founder of the school of valve energy converters based on electric machines and valve converters energy. The first conference was organized by the Institute of Innovative Technologies in Electromechanics and Robotics at the Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation in 2006.

This book explores key techniques and methods in electromagnetic compatibility management, analysis, design, improvement and test verification for spacecraft. The first part introduces the general EMC technology of spacecraft, the electromagnetic interference control method and management of electromagnetic compatibility. The second part discusses the EMC prediction analysis technique and its application in spacecraft, while the third presents the EMC design of spacecraft modules and typical equipment. The final two parts address spacecraft magnetic design testing technologies and spacecraft testing technologies. The book also covers the program control test process, the special power control unit (PCU), electric propulsion, PIM test and multipaction testing for spacecraft, making it a valuable resource for researchers and engineers alike.