This book takes a fresh look at the work, thoughts, and life of 1956 Nobel Prize winner William B. Shockley. It reconstructs Shockley's upbringing, his patriotic achievements during World War II, his contribution to semiconductor physics - culminating with the epoch-making invention of the transistor - and his views on the social issues of his time. The author's unparalleled access to Shockley's personal documents provides insight into a colorful, yet controversial, man, and also sheds light on the attitudes of other prominent scientists of that era. Shockley was not only an outstanding scientist in his own right but also a fiercely independent thinker in perpetual search of the truth. His contributions to the field known today as microelectronics are enormous and unmatched. This book explores the critical facets of Shockley's life, replete with never-before-published photos and excerpts from his private correspondence and personal notebooks. The book also delves into Shockley's views on genetics and human intelligence. It tells the story of a man beset by an unrelenting rationality, slandered by the popular media, and ultimately alienated by his peers. It discusses his controversial, although sometimes prescient, ideas regarding human genetics, putting these into the context of modern research findings. Today, William Shockley is perhaps just as enigmatic as his work and accomplishments. The author presents a convincing argument that Shockley still has much to say about the issues of our age, and many of his ideas deserve evaluation in the public forum.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of the latest research into integrated circuits' ageing, explaining the causes of this phenomenon, describing its effects on electronic systems, and providing mitigation techniques to build ageing-resilient circuits.

To cope with the new running conditions in the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, a new integrated circuit named SAMPA has been created that can process 32 analogue channels, convert them to digital, perform filtering and compression, and transmit the data on high speed links to the data acquisition system. The main purpose of this work is to specify, design, test and verify the digital signal processing part of the SAMPA device to accommodate the requirements of the detectors involved. Innovative solutions have been employed to reduce the bandwidth required by the detectors, as well as adaptations to ease data handling later in the processing chain. The new SAMPA device was built to replace two existing circuits, in addition to reducing the current consumption, and doubling the amount of processing channels. About 50000 of the devices will be installed in the Time Projection Chamber and Muon Chamber detectors in the ALICE experiment.

Organized into two parts (algorithm and application/theory and scientific interpretation), this book focuses on the practical aspects of implementing predictive control as opposed to basic conceptual and theoretical understanding. Model Predictive Control (MPC) design in double-layered framework has already been adopted in industrial processes, and the book covers key topics in MPC theoretical studies which are related to the demand of industrial applications. This is a topic rarely systematically investigated in books, and the author's own experiences in industrial applications provide an original overview. Basic background knowledge of linear algebra, matrix theory, calculus, and mathematical statistics, are necessary requirements to appreciate the content.

Fourth generation wireless networks are expected to provide comprehensive and secure IP-based solutions, facilitating existing and emerging services such as voice, data, streamed multimedia, sensory, e-health, and social networking. It is expected that 4G will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis and at much higher data rates compared to the current and previous mobile generations. Fourth-Generation Wireless Networks: Applications and Innovations presents a vision for the coming years in terms of emerging fourth generation (4G) wireless technology trends and best practices. It explores the resulting challenges and technical opportunities that will arise in creating and delivering 4G networks for the emerging applications and services. This book also examines the fundamentals of advanced physical layer and radio resource management as the basis for cross layer and cross network optimization that will emerge for increased mobility and services in video, cloud computing virtualization, entertainment, education, health, and security. This book have been organized especially for researchers, students, network engineers and designers and leaders of emerging companies, decision makers in standards, consumers, and product developers.

This book contains a collection of 13 carefully selected papers contributed by researches in technical and partial medical diagnostics as well as fault-tolerant control and constitutes a comprehensive study of the field. Nowadays technical diagnostics and fault-tolerant control are a field of intensive scientific research that covers well-established topics along with emerging developments in control engineering, artificial intelligence, applied mathematics and statistics. At the same time, a growing number of applications of different fault diagnosis methods, especially in the electrical, mechanical, chemical and medical areas, are being observed. The aim of the book is to show the bridge between technical and medical diagnosis based on analytical and artificial intelligence methods and techniques. The book is divided into three parts: I. Fault-Tolerant Control and Reconfiguration, II. Fault Diagnosis of Processes and Systems, III. Medical Applications. The book is of interest to scientists, engineers and academics dealing with the problems of designing technical diagnosis and fault-tolerant control systems. Its target readers are also junior researchers and students of control, artificial intelligence and computer engineering.

A classic in underwater robotics. One of the first volumes in the "Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics" series, it has been a bestseller through the previous three editions. Fifteen years after the publication of the first edition, the fourth edition comes to print. The book addresses the main control aspects in underwater manipulation tasks. With respect to the third edition, it has been revised, extended and some concepts better clustered. The mathematical model with significant impact on the control strategy is discussed. The problem of controlling a 6-degrees-of-freedoms autonomous underwater vehicle is investigated and a survey of fault detection/tolerant strategies for unmanned underwater vehicles is provided. Inverse kinematics, dynamic and interaction control for underwater vehicle-manipulator systems are then discussed. The code used to generate most of the numerical simulations is made available and briefly discussed.

This book presents the state-of-the-art approach for transmission line protection schemes for smart power grid. It provides a comprehensive solution for real-time development of numerical relaying schemes for future power grids which can minimize cascade tripping and widespread blackout problems prevailing all around the world. The book also includes the traditional approach for transmission line protection along with issues and challenges in protection philosophy. It highlights the issues for sheltering power grid from unwanted hazards with very fundamental approach. The book follows a step-by-step approach for resolving critical issues like high impedance faults, power swing detection and auto-reclosing schemes with adaptive protection process. The book also covers the topic of hardware solution for real-time implementation of auto-reclosing scheme for transmission line protection schemes along with comparative analysis with the recently developed analytical approach such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and other machine learning algorithms. It will be useful to researchers and industry professionals and students in the fields of power system protection.

This book describes an original improvement in power quality of photovoltaic generation systems obtained by the use of a multilevel inverter implemented with level doubling network (LDN). Modulation principles and harmonic analysis of output voltages are proposed and introduced in detail for both single and three-phase LDN configurations. The analysis is then extended to dc-link current and voltage, with emphasis to low-frequency harmonics and switching frequency ripple. This work represents the first comprehensive implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) schemes using the ripple correlation control (RCC) algorithm in the presence of multiple ripple harmonics, such as in the case of multi level inverters. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are carefully reported here, together with practical insights into the design of dc-link capacitors.

Cognitive architectures represent an umbrella term to describe ways in which the flow of thought can be engineered towards cerebral and behavioral outcomes. Cognitive Architectures are meant to provide top-down guidance, a knowledge base, interactive heuristics and concrete or fuzzy policies for which the virtual character can utilize for intelligent interaction with his/her/its situated virtual environment. Integrating Cognitive Architectures into Virtual Character Design presents emerging research on virtual character artificial intelligence systems and procedures and the integration of cognitive architectures. Emphasizing innovative methodologies for intelligent virtual character integration and design, this publication is an ideal reference source for graduate-level students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of artificial intelligence, gaming, and computer science.

Since the publication of the first edition of "The Satellite Communication Applications Handbook", the satellite industry has experienced explosive growth thanks to a flood of innovations in consumer electronics, broadcasting, the Internet, transportation and broadband telecommunications. This second edition covers all the latest advances in satellite technology and applications and features new chapters on mobile digital audio radio and VSAT networks. It updates and expands upon the engineering and management topics addressed in the first edition. Engineers get the latest technical details into operations, architectures, and systems components. Managers are brought up to date with the latest business applications as well as regulatory and legal decisions affecting domestic and international markets. The treatment is also of value to marketing, legal, regulatory, and financial and operations professionals who must gain a clear understanding of the capabilities and issues associated with satellite space and ground facilities and services. You get real-world, first-hand insight into: defining a satellite network architecture to meet your organization's business or operational requirements; engineering criteria and design principles for TV and radio broadcasting, mobile and fixed telephony, and VSAT data communications; and addressing business and regulatory issues to ensure a successful satellite application. Whether you are new to the satellite industry and need a quick and thorough understanding of how satellite communications operate or are a veteran professional needing a refresher on issues not encountered day to day, "The Satellite Communication Applications Handbook, Second Edition" is a resource that can be referred to again and again.

Based on familiar circuit theory and basic physics, this book serves as an invaluable reference for both analog and digital engineers alike. For those who work with analog RF, this book is a must-have resource. With computers and networking equipment of the 21st century running at such high frequencies, it is now crucial for digital designers to understand electromagnetic fields, radiation and transmission lines. This knowledge is necessary for maintaining signal integrity and achieving EMC compliance. Since many digital designers are lacking in analog design skills, let alone electromagnetics, an easy-to-read but informative book on electromagnetic topics should be considered a welcome addition to their professional libraries.
Covers topics using conceptual explanations and over 150 lucid figures, in place of complex mathematicsDemystifies antennas, waveguides, and transmission line phenomenaProvides the foundation necessary to thoroughly understand signal integrity issues associated with high-speed digital design

This book gathers a set of works highlighting significant advances in the areas of music and sound. They report on innovative music technologies, acoustics, findings in musicology, new perspectives and techniques for composition, sound design and sound synthesis, and methods for music education and therapy. Further, they cover interesting topics at the intersection between music and computing, design and social sciences. Chapters are based on extended and revised versions of the best papers presented during the 6th and 7th editions of EIMAD-Meeting of Research in Music, Arts and Design, held in 2020 and 2021, respectively, at the School of Applied Arts in Castelo Branco, Portugal. All in all, this book provides music researchers, educators and professionals with authoritative information about new trends and techniques, and a source of inspiration for future research, practical developments, and for establishing collaboration between experts from different fields.

The book presents research from Rob|Arch 2018, the fourth international conference on robotic fabrication in architecture, art, and design. In capturing the myriad of scientific advances in robotics fabrication that are currently underway - such as collaborative design tools, computerised materials, adaptive sensing and actuation, advanced construction, on-site and cooperative robotics, machine-learning, human-machine interaction, large-scale fabrication and networked workflows, to name but a few - this compendium reveals how robotic fabrication is becoming a driver of scientific innovation, cross-disciplinary fertilization and creative capacity of an unprecedented kind.

This book systematically explains the fundamentals of system-level electromagnetic compatibility and introduces the basic concept of system-level electromagnetic compatibility quantification design. The topics covered include the critical technologies in the top-down quantification design of electromagnetic compatibility, quantification design of system-level electromagnetic compatibility, evaluation methods and application examples, quality control and application examples of electromagnetic compatibility development process, and real-world engineering example analysis of electromagnetic compatibility.The book proposes a top-down system-level electromagnetic compatibility quantification design method and is the first book to describe in detail how to quantitatively evaluate and predict system-level electromagnetic compatibility performance. It includes abundant engineering examples and experimental data demonstrating the usage and results of the top-down quantification design methods of system-level electromagnetic compatibility.It enables readers to obtain a thorough understanding of the theory and methods of system-level electromagnetic compatibility quantification design as well as the methodologies for engineering practice.

This book gathers state-of-the-art research contributions written by academics and researchers, which address emerging trends in system design and implementation for the Internet of Things (IoT), and discuss how to promote IoT technologies and applications. The book is chiefly intended for researchers and academics who want to get caught up with the latest trends in enabling technologies for IoT and related applications and services. However, it also includes chapters on the fundamentals of IoT, offering essential orientation for general readers.

This is the fifth volume of a sub series on Road Vehicle Automation published within the Lecture Notes in Mobility. Like in previous editions, scholars, engineers and analysts from all around the world have contributed chapters covering human factors, ethical, legal, energy and technology aspects related to automated vehicles, as well as transportation infrastructure and public planning. The book is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium which was hosted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) in San Francisco, California (USA) in July 2017.

This book puts forward a modern classification theory for superconducting gap nodes, whose structures can be observed by experiments and are essential for understanding unconventional superconductivity. In the first part of the book, the classification method, based on group theory and K theory, is introduced in a step-by-step, pedagogical way. In turn, the latter part presents comprehensive classification tables, which include various nontrivial gap (node) structures, which are not predicted by the Sigrist-Ueda method, but are by the new method. The results obtained here show that crystal symmetry and/or angular momentum impose critical constraints on the superconducting gap structures. Lastly, the book lists a range of candidate superconductors for the nontrivial gap nodes. The classification methods and tables presented here offer an essential basis for further investigations into unconventional superconductivity. They indicate that previous experimental studies should be reinterpreted, while future experiments should reflect the new excitation spectrum.

This book discusses the realization and control problems of finite-dimensional dynamical systems which contain linear and nonlinear systems. The author focuses on algebraic methods for the discussion of control problems of linear and non-linear dynamical systems. The book contains detailed examples to showcase the effectiveness of the presented method. The target audience comprises primarily research experts in the field of control theory, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students alike.

This book comprises the peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing and VLSI (IC2SV) 2019. It explores the recent advances in the fields of signal and image processing, wireless and mobile communications, embedded systems, VLSI, microwave, and antennas. The contents provide insights into present technological challenges and discusses the emerging applications of different imaging techniques and communications systems. Given the range of topics covered, this book can be useful for students as well as researchers interested in the area of communications, signal processing, and VLSI technologies.

The book is a compilation of best papers presented at International Conference on Recent Advancement in Computer and Communication (ICRAC 2017) organized by IMPLab Research and Innovation Foundation, Bhopal, India. The book covers all aspects of computers and communication techniques including pervasive computing, distributed computing, cloud computing, sensor and adhoc network, image, text and speech processing, pattern recognition and pattern analysis, digital signal processing, digital electronics, telecommunication technologies, robotics, VLSI technologies, embedded system, satellite communication, digital signal processing, and digital communication. The papers included are original research works of experts from industry, government centers and academic institutions; experienced in engineering, design and research.

This textbook characterizes the economics of telecommunication services from an engineering perspective. The authors bring out the fundamental drivers of the industry and characterize networks from a graph theoretic perspective, including random, small world, and scale free networks. The authors relate the topology of a telecommunication network using circuit and packet switched architectures to throughput and other performance parameters. The pricing model proposed in this book is based on the cost of displaced opportunity as opposed to the cost of the elements of the network engaged in delivering a service. The displaced opportunity is characterized by the revenue associated with the service that the network could have alternatively delivered most efficiently using an identical level of resources. The book addresses other topics such as regulation in legacy networks, and net neutrality. Finally, the book introduces the application of game theory in a multi-vendor, multi-services competitive marketplace. The book aims to bridge the gap between the science of economics as practiced by economists and practice of pricing from a telecommunication engineer's perspective. This book is suitable for use by senior undergraduate or graduate students of telecommunication engineering or researchers and practitioners in telecommunication engineering.

Since overall circuit performance has depended primarily on transistor properties, previous efforts to enhance circuit and system speed were focused on transistors as well. During the last decade, however, the parasitic resistance, capacitance, and inductance associated with interconnections began to influence circuit performance and will be the primary factors in the evolution of nanoscale ULSI technology. Because metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration of bulk copper (Cu) are better than aluminum, use of copper and low-k materials is now prevalent in the international microelectronics industry. As the feature size of the Cu-lines forming interconnects is scaled, resistivity of the lines increases. At the same time electromigration and stress-induced voids due to increased current density become significant reliability issues. Although copper/low-k technology has become fairly mature, there is no single book available on the promise and challenges of these next-generation technologies. In this book, a leader in the field describes advanced laser systems with lower radiation wavelengths, photolithography materials, and mathematical modeling approaches to address the challenges of Cu-interconnect technology.