An important part of the science of complexity is the study of emergent properties arising through dynamical processes, in various natural and artificial systems. This book presents multidisciplinary approaches for creating and modeling representations of complex systems, and a variety of methods for extracting emergent structures. Offering bio-complexity examples, the coverage extends to self organization, synchronization, stability and robustness. The contributors include researchers in physics, engineering, biology and chemistry.

There are many books on the use of numerical methods for solving engineering problems and for modeling of engineering artifacts. In addition there are many styles of such presentations ranging from books with a major emphasis on theory to books with an emphasis on applications. The purpose of this book is hopefully to present a somewhat different approach to the use of numerical methods for - gineering applications. Engineering models are in general nonlinear models where the response of some appropriate engineering variable depends in a nonlinear manner on the - plication of some independent parameter. It is certainly true that for many types of engineering models it is sufficient to approximate the real physical world by some linear model. However, when engineering environments are pushed to - treme conditions, nonlinear effects are always encountered. It is also such - treme conditions that are of major importance in determining the reliability or failure limits of engineering systems. Hence it is essential than engineers have a toolbox of modeling techniques that can be used to model nonlinear engineering systems. Such a set of basic numerical methods is the topic of this book. For each subject area treated, nonlinear models are incorporated into the discussion from the very beginning and linear models are simply treated as special cases of more general nonlinear models. This is a basic and fundamental difference in this book from most books on numerical methods.

Discusses the concepts of mechanical, thermal, and thermodynamic equilibrium and their applications. Covers the molecular basis for internal energy, entropy, thermodynamic equilibrium, and reversibility. Enables the reader to model irreversibility and determine the net loss in performance of a thermal system compared to an idealized system and approach an ideal one. Demonstrates entropy as a path independent property by use of reversible heat engines and reversible heat pumps interacting with a process between two states, the environment and the reservoir. Covers the role of reversibility from a thermodynamics standpoint and relates it to other areas, such as gas dynamics, combustion, propulsion, power plant engineering, and engines.

Transportation Engineering: Theory, Practice and Modeling, Second Edition presents comprehensive information related to traffic engineering and control, transportation planning and evaluation of transportation alternatives. The book systematically deals with almost the entire transportation engineering area, offering various techniques related to transportation modeling, transportation planning, and traffic control. It also shows readers how to use models and methods when predicting travel and freight transportation demand, how to analyze existing transportation networks, how to plan for new networks, and how to develop traffic control tactics and strategies. New topics addressed include alternative Intersections, alternative interchanges and individual/private transportation. Readers will also learn how to utilize a range of engineering concepts and methods to make future transportation systems safer, more cost-effective, and "greener". Providing a broad view of transportation engineering, including transport infrastructure, control methods and analysis techniques, this new edition is for postgraduates in transportation and professionals needing to keep up-to-date with the latest theories and models.

This is the second of two edited volumes from an international group of researchers and specialists, which together comprise the edited proceedings of the First International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, organized by Cranfield College of Aeronautics at Stratford-upon-Avon, England in October 1996. The applications areas include aerospace and other transportation, human-computer interaction, process control and training technology. Topics addressed include: the design of control and display systems; human perception, error, reliability, information processing, and human perception, error, reliability, information processing, and awareness, skill acquisition and retention; techniques for evaluating human-machine systems and the physiological correlates of performance. While Volume one is more clearly focused on the domain of aviation and ground transportation, Volume two is concerned with human factors in job and product design, the basics of decision making and training, with relevance to all industrial domains. Part one opens with a keynote chapter by Ken Eason. It is followed by Part two dealing with learning and training, while Part three reflects the rapidly growing area of medical ergonomics. Part four entitled 'Applied Cognitive Psychology' is biased towards human capabilities, an understanding of which is central to sound human engineering decisions. Part five firmly emphasizes equipment rather than its human operators.

Presents compendium of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) estimation methods and technologies used in predictive maintenance. Describes different approaches and prognosis methods for different assets. Includes comprehensive compilation of methods from model based, data driven to hybrid. Discusses benchmarking of RUL estimation methods according to accuracy an uncertainty depending on the target application, type of asset and forecast performance expected. Contains toolset of methods and way of deployment aimed at versatile audience.

- Written by world-leading subject specialist in both sport management and artificial intelligence - Includes interviews with elite sports managers and coaches - Examines the competitive advantages offered by AI to a wide-range of areas including Recruitment, Performance & Tactics, Health & Fitness, Pedagogy, Broadcasting, eSports, Gambling, and Stadium Design

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing many of these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

This official handbook of the U.S. Forest Service explains how to use the Abney hand level, a clinometer tool used to measure angles in various natural environments. The Abney tool was invented by William de Wiveleslie Abney during the 1870s. By the time the device was recognized and widely-used in the early 20th century, it had been refined. Though earlier guides cover its basic usage, this U.S. government commissioned handbook offers demonstration and instruction on the tool's abilities. Hartley Calkins and Y. B. Yule were themselves experienced surveyors with experience traversing and measuring the rugged woodlands of North America. The Abney level is used to this day by surveyors, geologists, foresters, and safety inspectors; in good hands, it is reliable for its accuracy. At roughly $60-100 in price it is affordable, durable, lightweight and portable. The Abney Level Handbook, first published in 1927 and expanded in 1935, remains the authoritative source as it covers the subject superbly.

Contains case studies from engineering and operations research

Includes commented literature for each chapter

This book opens up a critical dimension to the field of industrial ecology. The book discusses the post COVID-19 trends in the field of industrial ecology and evolving practices adopted by firms for betterment of environment and society. The authors identify valuable lessons to be learned and present conceptual frameworks to guide future industrial ecology applications. Transforming industrial systems into closed-loop industrial ecosystems dramatically reduces the negative impact of industrial activities on the environment. Therefore, this book is important not only for operation management scholars but also those who are interested in ensuring an environmentally sustainable future.

COLE'S COMBINED SYSTEM Drainage and Irrigation. A NEW SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE by A. N. COLE, First published in 1889.Preface: Biographical Sketch of A. N. Cole Water a Necessity for Vegetation Drainage The New System CONTENTS. PAGE: Stone Storage Trenches 33 Tile 36 Square 36 Cement For Sand Lands 37 Depth and Distance of Storage Trenches 38 Family and Market Gardens 39 Lawns 40 Orchards . 5 7-8 23 29 33 40 Grass Lands 41 Arable Lands 42 Artesian Wells 42 Swamp Lands 43 Workings of the System Effects on Soil. 46 Crops 48 Builds up Soils 50 Use of Hot Water 56 Five Crops a Year 57 Irrigation in Florida 65 Mr. Coles Model Plot 68 Reports 69 French Methods 86 Ridits of Application Obituary...PREFACE, CONSTANT and increasing demand from every part of the world, especially from all sections of our own country, for a cheap Manual descriptive of Mr. Coles system of Drainage and Irrigation, has at last induced him to intrust to me the work of arranging this book, he being too ill at this time to do so. In its .preparation I shall endeavor to treat the subject in a most practi- cal manner, and in the fewest possible words necessary to the end in view, and yet complete enough that all may fully understand, and for themselves see its numberless advantages and possibilities. In the facts stated we have been conservative, feeling to under, rather than overdraw them. it better Speaking for Mr. Cole, we extend to every reader of this Man- ual an invitation to visit the 1 Home on the Hillside, and make personal examination of his work and its results. The grounds are open to public inspection at all times. A. P. COLE. Biographical sketch of the life and services of the Hon. A. N. Cole, of the Home on theHillside, Wellsville, Allegany County, N. Y. CHAPTER I. As a frontispiece to this volume, we open its pages by introduction of the likeness of the originator of what has been denominated aquaculture, the new agriculture, or sub-irrigation. The relations of father and son existing between the author of this sketch and the originator of the New Agriculture, makes it a matter of delicacy to undertake this biography, and yet, feeling as we do that none know the man on whose life we discourse better than his firstborn, we waive considerations of delicacy and proceed to our work cheerfully. It would be impossible to write out in anything like detail even the more striking features of the life of a man ofwhom it may be aptly said he knew no youth, but entered upon the work of the full-grown man at the age of fourteen, knowing little of rest or respite for the full period of three score years, having wrought almost incessantly in one way and another for the good of his fellow-men. Inclined to leave to the pens of others, as far as may be, that manner of mention most commendatory of his work, we introduce at opening an editorial appearing a few months since in the columns ofColmans Rural World, as follows Mr. Cole was born in Cattaraugus County, N. Y., in 1821, and is no longer a young man in the matter of years. He comes from grand old stock, and inherits an amount of vitality which renews its youth with passing years, hence never gets old. The Plymouth or Roger Williams Colony at Freedom, Cattaraugus County, N. Y., embraced rep- resentatives of the blue blood of nearly or quite all of the early Pilgrim families. The first great swarm that went out from Plymouth and Provi- dence settled in theGenessee Valley and along the Cattaraugus Creek in the beginning of the present century. Others followed until nearly all the counties of Western New York, North-western Pennsylvania, and the

This book is devoted to reporting innovative and significant progress in fuzzy system engineering. Given the maturation of fuzzy logic, this book is dedicated to exploring the recent breakthroughs in fuzziness and soft computing in favour of intelligent system engineering. This monograph presents novel developments of the fuzzy theory as well as interesting applications of the fuzzy logic exploiting the theory to engineer intelligent systems.

This comprehensive work deals with the applications of artificial intelligence in engineering, addressing both the theoretical and practical aspects of developing intelligent systems. Particular emphasis is placed on knowledge-based expert systems and on neural networks, with sections on knowledge representation, searching and solving strategies, blackboard systems, analogical, case-based and qualitative reasoning, and project management. Knowledge-based system building tools are discussed, along with practical tips on building large intelligent systems for solving engineering problems. Clearly explaining the key concepts with relevant examples, and with additional contributions from leading researchers in the field, this is a book written by an engineer for an engineering audience. Prepared with the graduate student in mind, it will also be of value as a general reference work in this highly topical area.

Present an up-to-date, consolidated view on modern cement manufacturing technology, applying new systems Provides narration of complexity and variables in modern cement plants and process Discusses evolution of automation and computerization for the process Covers application of ERP techniques to cement enterprises Includes data-driven approaches for energy, environment and quality management

This book aims to present specific complicated and puzzling challenges encountered for application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in solving Structural Engineering problems by using ABAQUS software, which can fully utilize this method in complex simulation and analysis. Therefore, an attempt has been to demonstrate the all process for modeling and analysis of impenetrable problems through simplified step by step illustrations with presenting screenshots from software in each part and also showing graphs. Farzad Hejazi is the Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), and a Senior Visiting Academic at the University of Sheffield, UK. Hojjat Mohammadi Esfahani,an expert on Finite Element Simulation,has more than 10 years of experience in the teaching and training of Finite Element packages, such as ABAQUS.

The main goal of this book is to elucidate what kind of experiment must be performed in order to determine the full set of independent parameters which can be extracted and calculated from theory, where electrons, photons, atoms, ions, molecules, or molecular ions may serve as the interacting constituents of matter. The feasibility of such perfect' and-or `complete' experiments, providing the complete quantum mechanical knowledge of the process, is associated with the enormous potential of modern research techniques, both, in experiment and theory. It is even difficult to overestimate the role of theory in setting of the complete experiment, starting with the fact that an experiment can be complete only within a certain theoretical framework, and ending with the direct prescription of what, and in what conditions should be measured to make the experiment `complete'. The language of the related theory is the language of quantum mechanical amplitudes and their relative phases. This book captures the spirit of research in the direction of the complete experiment in atomic and molecular physics, considering some of the basic quantum processes: scattering, Auger decay and photo-ionization. It includes a description of the experimental methods used to realize, step by step, the complete experiment up to the level of the amplitudes and phases. The corresponding arsenal includes, beyond determining the total cross section, the observation of angle and spin resolved quantities, photon polarization and correlation parameters, measurements applying coincidence techniques, preparing initially polarized targets, and even more sophisticated methods. The `complete' experiment is, until today, hardly to perform. Therefore, much attention is paid to the results of state-of-the-art experiments providing detailed information on the process, and their comparison to the related theoretical approaches, just to mention relativistic multi-configurational Dirac-Fock, convergent close-coupling, Breit-Pauli R-matrix, or relativistic distorted wave approaches, as well as Green's operator methods. This book has been written in honor of Herbert Walther and his major contribution to the field but even to stimulate advanced Bachelor and Master students by demonstrating that obviously nowadays atomic and molecular scattering physics yields and gives a much exciting appreciation for further advancing the field.

This book considers the question: to what extent does it make sense to qualify technical artefacts as moral entities? The authors contributions trace recent proposals and topics including instrumental and non-instrumental values of artefacts, agency and artefactual agency, values in and around technologies, and the moral significance of technology.

The editors introduction explains that as agents rather than simply passive instruments, technical artefacts may actively influence their users, changing the way they perceive the world, the way they act in the world and the way they interact with each other.

This volume features the work of various experts from around the world, representing a variety of positions on the topic. Contributions explore the contested discourse on agency in humans and artefacts, defend the Value Neutrality Thesis by arguing that technological artefacts do not contain, have or exhibit values, or argue that moral agency involves both human and non-human elements.

The book also investigates technological fields that are subject to negative moral valuations due to the harmful effects of some of their products. It includes an analysis of some difficulties arising in Artificial Intelligence and an exploration of values in Chemistry and in Engineering. "The Moral Status of Technical Artefacts "is an advanced exploration of the various dimensions of the relations between technology and morality""