Bioremediation: A Sustainable Approach to Preserving Earth's Water discusses the latest research in green chemistry practices and principles that are involved in water remediation and the quality improvement of water. The presence of heavy metals, dyes, fluoride, dissolved solids and many other pollutants are responsible for water pollution and poor water quality. The removal of these pollutants in water resources is necessary, yet challenging. Water preservation is of great importance globally and researchers are making significant progress in ensuring this precious commodity is safe and potable. This volume illustrates how bioremediation in particular is a promising green technique globally. Features: Addresses bioremediation of all the major water pollutants Approaches the chemistry of water and the concept of water as a renewable resource from a green chemistry aspect Discusses environmental chemistry and the practice of industrial ecology Explains the global concern of adequate high quality water supplies, and how bioremediation can resolve this Explores sustainable development through green engineering

Based on the success of the first edition, this second edition continues to build upon fundamental principles of biosensor design and incorporates recent advances in intelligent materials and novel fabrication techniques for a broad range of real world applications. The book provides a multi-disciplinary focus to capture the ever-expanding field of biosensors. Smart Biosensor Technology, Second Edition includes contributions from leading specialists in a wide variety of fields with a common focus on smart biosensor design. With 21 chapters organized in five parts, this compendium covers the fundamentals of smart biosensor technology, important issues related to material design and selection, principles of biosensor design and fabrication, advances in bioelectronics, and a look at specific applications related to pathogen detection, toxicity monitoring, microfluidics and healthcare. Features Provides a solid background in the underlying principles of biosensor design and breakthrough technologies for creating more intelligent biosensors Focusses on material design and selection including cutting-edge developments in carbon nanotubes, polymer nanowires, and porous silicon Examines machine learning and introduces concepts such as DNA-based molecular computing for smart biosensor function Explores the principles of bioelectronics and nerve cell microelectrode arrays for creating novel transducers and physiological biosensors Devotes several chapters to biosensors developed to detect and monitor a variety of toxins and pathogens Offers expert opinions on the future directions, challenges and opportunities in the field

Sarah Thebarge, a Yale-trained physician assistant, nearly died of breast cancer at age twenty-seven, but that did not end her deeply felt spiritual calling to medical missions in Africa. Risking her own health, she moved to Togo, West Africa-ranked by the United Nations as the least happy country in the world-to care for sick and suffering patients. Serving without pay in a mission hospital, she pondered the intersection of faith and medicine in her quest to help make the world "well." In the hospital wards, she witnessed death over and over again. In the outpatient clinic, she daily diagnosed patients with deadly diseases, many of which had simple but unavailable cures. She lived in austere conditions and nearly succumbed herself in a harrowing bout with malaria. She describes her experiences in gripping detail and reflects courageously about difficult and deep human connections-across race, culture, material circumstances, and medical access. Her experience exemplifies the triumph of surviving in order to share the stories that often go untold. In the end, WELL is an invitation to ask what happens when, instead of asking why God allows suffering to happen in the world, we ask, "Why do we?"

Considered an essential resource by many in the field, Diving and Subaquatic Medicine remains the leading text on diving medicine, written to fulfil the requirements of any general physician wishing to advise their patients appropriately when a diving trip is planned, for those accompanying diving expeditions or when a doctor is required to assess and treat anyone who has been involved in a diving accident. For this fifth edition the original author, Carl Edmonds, is joined by a new team of collaborators and the content has been entirely refreshed and updated throughout. Clinical cases, a feature popular with readers, are expanded, as is the illustrative content. Established and emerging diseases of diving medicine are all covered in full, as is the latest in types of diving, including free and indigenous diving, and associated equipment. Each medical disorder is discussed from a historical, etiological, clinical, pathological, preventative and therapeutic perspective in the informative and accessible style that has made previous editions so popular.

This book addresses the consequences of high agricultural pesticide use over the last few decades in the form of organophosphate poisoning. The authors provide a background overview of organophosphate compounds, their environmental toxicity, non-target exposures and cases of human poisoning. The authors also compile and analyze data from the last two decades to demonstrate the toxicological aspects of organophosphates, and how they can pose a threat to human health. Readers will learn about the clinical manifestation of organophosphate exposure in humans, as well as the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms by which organophosphates are processed in the body and cause harm. The book concludes by providing techniques, practices and recommendations for how to manage organophosphate exposure and poisoning. It will be useful for clinicians and public health professionals, scientists, medical practitioners, researchers and environmental toxicologists.

The fourth edition of this important book, which includes additional color illustrations, has been extensively revised, updated, and expanded to reflect the most recent developments. These include advances in patch testing methodology, in particular the new chambers that are appearing on the market, revision of the baseline series of patch tests to reflect the latest evidence-based work, and additional testing procedures. Other additions include sections on key allergens and concentrations, with the result is a superb guide to the current management of positive and negative patch test and prick test reactions that will be invaluable for all practicing dermatologists, from the beginner to the well-trained expert. The fourth edition continues the tradition of partnering with the ICDRG (International Contact Dermatitis Research Group). The ICDRG was formed in 1966 to promote the understanding of contact dermatitis. It has had major roles in the standardization of patch testing and the facilitation of regular scientific meetings, for over forty years and thirty five years respectively. It has also been involved in the authorship of a number of publications on contact dermatitis. Both Drs. Maibach and Lachapelle are members and the ICDRG is now comprised of representatives from all over the world, and currently includes members from Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, the United Kingdom, USA, Germany, Singapore, Korea, India, Japan, Canada, Uruguay and Australia. From the reviews of the previous editions:"The aim is to balance brevity and clarity with sufficient details for beginners in the field of diagnostic patch and prick testing. ... the book also will be of use to dermatology residents or anyone wishing to gain better knowledge of contact dermatitis. ... There are many high-quality photographs and useful algorithms and tables. ... It is clearly and concisely written and will serve as an indispensable guide for any dermatologist interested in contact dermatitis." (Renata H. Mullen, Doody's Review Service, August, 2009)

The Exposome: A New Paradigm for the Environment and Health, Second Edition, is a thoroughly expanded and updated edition of The Exposome: A Primer, the first book dedicated to the topic. This new release outlines the purpose and scope of this emerging field of study, its practical applications, and how it complements a broad range of disciplines. The book contains sections on -omics-based technologies, newer detection methods, managing and integrating exposome data (including maps, models, computation and systems biology), and more. Both students and scientists in toxicology, environmental health, epidemiology and public health will benefit from this rigorous, yet readable, overview. This updated edition includes a more in-depth examination of the exposome, including full references, further reading and thought questions.

In the last decades the public concern on the pesticide residues content in foods have been steadily rising. The global development of food trade implies that aliments from everywhere in the world can reach the consumer`s table. Therefore, the identification of agricultural practices that employ different pesticides combinations and application rates to protect produce must be characterized, as they left residues that could be noxious to human health. However, the possible number of pesticides (and its metabolites of toxicological relevance) to be found in a specific commodity is almost 1500, and the time needed to analyze them one by one, makes this analytical strategy a unrealistic task. To overcome this problem, the concept of Multi Residue Methods (MRM) for the analysis of pesticide traces have been developed. The advent of new and highly sensitive instrumentation, based in hyphenatedchromatographic systems to coupled mass analyzers (XC (MS/MS) or MSn) permitted simultaneously the identification and the determination of up to hundreds of pesticide residues in a single chromatographic run. Multiresidue Methods for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Food presents the analytical procedures developed in the literature, as well as those currently employed in the most advanced laboratories that perform routinely Pesticide Residue Analysis in foods. In addition to these points, the regulations, guidelines and recommendations from the most important regulatory agencies of the world on the topic will be commented and contrasted.

Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference is a concise version of the widely read Agrochemicals Desk Reference and Groundwater Chemicals Desk Reference. This up-to-date volume was inspired by the need for a combination of the material in both references, together with the large number of research publications and the continued interest in the fate, transport, and remediation of hazardous substances. Much new data has been added to this unique edition, including global legislation (REACH) and sustainability, thereby reflecting the wealth of literature in the field. Featured are environmental and physical/chemical data on more than 200 compounds, including pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides.

The health-related effects of asbestos have long been mired in controversy, with industry and plaintiff attorneys playing a significant role. This comprehensive book provides a balanced and extensive evidence-based critical analysis of the literature concerning asbestos-related diseases, from a scientific and historical perspective. The book presents a carefully referenced review of the medical literature on the health effects of asbestos, and reflects the extensive experience of the author in evaluating patients with asbestos-related disorders.

Revised for its second edition to include the latest national and international guidelines, the Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine continues to be the essential resource forexpedition medics and all well-informed travellers, including gap-year students. Clear and concise, readers can rely on this handbook to provide the knowledge and practical advice they need. It enables efficient preparation and planning before the journey, advises on camp logistics, risk management, and medical problems during the trip, as well as highlighting rare but important risks to those visiting remote areas. Focusing on preventative measures, the handbook also contains chapters dealing with crisis management, emergency care, and evacuation from challenging environments. Now containing more guidance about the obligations of a clinician joining an expedition, and the ethical approach to such work, the second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Expedition and Wilderness Medicine also provides an increased emphasis on medicine in various extreme environments. With revised and additional illustrations, more colour plates, and an increased use of important algorithms, this edition will give you the confidence and skills you need to travel to any extreme or remote environment. Updated with the support of the Royal Geographical Society, and incorporating the combined knowledge and experience of a team of experienced clinicians and expeditioners, this is a practical, easy-to-use guide to all aspects of expedition and wilderness medicine. Anyone who might ever step into the natural countryside, away from tarmac or gravelled paths, to seek the freedom and beauty of unspoiled nature needs to be aware of the content of this book, to enhance their enjoyment, and minimise the risk of pursuing adventurous travel.

This book addresses the developing field of Work Disability Prevention. Work disability does not only involve occupational disorders originating from the work or at the workplace, but addresses work absenteeism originating from any disorder or accident. This topic has become of primary importance due to the huge compensation costs and health issues involved. For employers it is a unique burden and in many countries compensation is not even linked to the cause of the disorder. In the past twenty years, studies have accumulated which emphasize the social causes of work disability. Governments and NGOs such as the World Bank, the International Labor Organization, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have produced alarming reports on the extent of this problem for developed and developing countries. However, no comprehensive book is presently available to help them address this emerging field where new knowledge should induce new ways of management. "

The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France examines the turbulent history of the ideas, people, and institutions of French colonial and tropical medicine from their early modern origins through World War I. Until the 1890s colonial medicine was in essence naval medicine, taught almost exclusively in a system of provincial medical schools built by the navy in the port cities of Brest, Rochefort-sur-Mer, Toulon, and Bordeaux. Michael A. Osborne draws out this separate species of French medicine by examining the histories of these schools and other institutions in the regional and municipal contexts of port life. Each site was imbued with its own distinct sensibilities regarding diet, hygiene, ethnicity, and race, all of which shaped medical knowledge and practice in complex and heretofore unrecognized ways. Osborne argues that physicians formulated localized concepts of diseases according to specific climatic and meteorological conditions, and assessed, diagnosed, and treated patients according to their ethnic and cultural origins. He also demonstrates that regions, more so than a coherent nation, built the empire and specific medical concepts and practices. Thus, by considering tropical medicine's distinctive history, Osborne brings to light a more comprehensive and nuanced view of French medicine, medical geography, and race theory, all the while acknowledging the navy's crucial role in combating illness and investigating the racial dimensions of health.

Biosensors are poised to make a large impact in environmental, food, and biomedical applications, as they clearly offer advantages over standard analytical methods, including minimal sample preparation and handling, real-time detection, rapid detection of analytes, and the ability to be used by non-skilled personnel. Covering numerous applications of biosensors used in food and the environment, Portable Biosensing of Food Toxicants and Environmental Pollutants presents basic knowledge on biosensor technology at a postgraduate level and explores the latest advances in chemical sensor technology for researchers. By providing useful, state-of-the-art information on recent developments in biosensing devices, the book offers both newcomers and experts a roadmap to this technology. In the book, distinguished researchers from around the world show how portable and handheld nanosensors, such as dynamic DNA and protein arrays, enable rapid and accurate detection of environmental pollutants and pathogens. The book first introduces the basic principles of biosensing for newcomers to the technology. It then explains how the integration of a "receptor" can provide analytically useful information. It also describes trends in biosensing and examines how a small-sized device can have portability for the in situ determination of toxicants. The book concludes with several examples illustrating how to determine toxicants in food and environmental samples.

Disaster medicine is a broad and dynamic field that encompasses the medical and surgical response to mass casualty incidents including rail, air, and road traffic accidents; domestic terrorism; and pandemic outbreaks. It also encompasses the global issues of conflict and natural catastrophe. Specialists in disaster medicine provide insight, guidance, and expertise on the principles and practice of medicine both in the disaster impact area and healthcare evacuation-receiving facilities. They liaise with emergency management professionals, hospitals, healthcare facilities, communities, and governments. With contributions by international authorities in the field, Making Sense of Disaster Medicine: A Hands-on Guide for Medics is an accessible text designed for all medical students and professionals who may find themselves responding to such incidents. Part of the highly successful Making Sense series, the book features an easy-to-read layout and boxed sections with "learning points," "thinking points," "pearls of wisdom," and "hazards." Each chapter concludes with a summary and list of key resources and case studies further enhance the text.

This new, international and definitive guide to the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of environmentally-acquired disorders is aimed at anyone specializing, or with a clinical interest, in environmental health issues.L Comprehensive, challenging, and informative, this book is a unique reference that brings into sharp focus the increasing importance of the practice of environmental medicine. Many topical and controversial subjects are put into evidence-based context.L The expert author team, drawn from a variety of backgrounds, has focused on the key issues in the field, placing emphasis on those most relevant to contemporary practice, with boxes providing detail on the more esoteric conditions. Hot topics include H1N1 influenza, climate change, air pollution, food contamination, and the health effects of air travel.

An informative selection of papers presented at the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illnesses It is vital to understand the public health impact of pesticides used in modern day agriculture. Unfortunately, scientifically valid information is often scattered and hard to find. Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illness is the essential text that fills these two voids. The papers collected here make up a volume that is a timely review of key issues in both the acute and chronic health effects of pesticide exposure. Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illness offers work originally presented at the groundbreaking 2002 International Conference on Pesticide Exposure and Health in Washington, DC. However, in order to reflect recent developments in the field, all of the authors have revised, updated, and expanded their presentations to address the current status of knowledge in pesticide health effects upon the major body organ systems. This up-to-date reference not only provides a wealth of relevant information on pesticide intoxication, it also offers viable solutions to the challenges of understanding the effects exposure has on health. Papers featured in Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illness examine: potential mechanisms, examples for each, and an algorithm for etiologic diagnoses of contact dermatitis in agriculture the specific acute and chronic neurological effects of pesticides on both central and peripheral nervous systems in-depth examples of male and female reproductive disorders associated with pesticide exposure and timeframes of diagnosis from weeks to months to years anatomical site-based outlines for the role of pesticide exposures in the etiology of human cancer and evaluations of recent developments in exposure assessment and molecular epidemiology in adults and children goals, components, and functions of population-based public health surveillance for acute pesticide intoxications as well as the investigation of disease clusters, the use of complementary exposure monitoring data, and confidentiality issues US government pesticide risk management efforts over time and in recent years, relevant to specific chronic health risks and the development of reduced risk products Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illness also includes valuable appendices that provide readers with a list of additional information sources, pesticide intoxication reporting forms, and the pesticide poisoning severity score (PPSS). This is an essential resource for health care and public health practitioners, occupational health professionals, and governmental employees dealing with the environment.

This text presents epidemiologic methods for studying injuries and evaluating interventions to prevent them. It explains how to formulate research questions, the sources of reliable and valid data, and the best choice of research methods. The difficulties of applying rates and ratios to the evaluation of programs are discussed, and the use of economic concepts and policy analysis is covered. It provides specific objectives for research in the various stages of injury control planning and implementation, including the types of data needed to reach the objectives. This third edition is fully updated throughout with new studies used as discussion examples. The chapters have been reorganised into more precise topic areas, for ease of reference.

Deconditioning is an integrated physiological response of the body to a reduction in metabolic rate, that is, to a reduction in energy use or in exercise level. Deconditioning and Reconditioning presents selected background information on the many aspects of ground-based and in-flight physiological research and applications.
This multi-author volume emphasizes human research programs on prolonged bed rest, immersion and confinement studies simulating conditions of space flight, as well as data from humans in space. Consolidating this research, chapters cover the psycho-sociological aspects of confinement deconditioning, the effects of deconditioning and reconditioning on aerobic power, thermoregulation during deconditioning, and practical applications.

Work-related disability is an increasingly important issue in businesses and organisations, in terms of cost and competitiveness as well as being an obvious social and ethical issue. Moreover, changes in the nature of disability arising from developments in the nature of work warrant a new approach to this relatively important but understudied topic.
Significant developments have taken place in the understanding of risk in a changing labour market; in linking injury events with subsequent primary prevention efforts; in engaging all the key stakeholders in effective pre-injury prevention and post-injury disability management efforts; and in exploring the relative contributions of company-level interventions and economic incentives and regulatory interventions. These issues are examined and drawn together to form a unique, evidence-based, state-of-the-art research work revealing what works best in the prevention of workplace disability. It takes into account the changing nature of the workplace and work force; the newest evidence on what constitutes effective early and staged multi modal interventions in the workplace; psychological risk perception; and the essential linking of the workplace, the clinician, the insurer and the worker in the recovery process and in the prevention of subsequent disability events at work.