Tropical medicine is a branch of medicine focusing on disorders usually found in subtropical and tropical areas of the world. Tropical paediatrics is a branch of tropical medicine focusing on children in these areas. The current process of global warming and the widespread issue of international travel are bringing these conditions to many places of the globe. This book highlights selective concepts of tropical paediatrics that are of importance to clinicians caring for children and adolescents.

Cholera is a life-threatening diarrhoeal disease that can spread rapidly and in explosive epidemics from one region to another, affecting large numbers of people. V cholerae, a gram-negative motile bacterium, is the causative agent of this intestinal disease. This book presents topical research from across the globe in the study of cholera; its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Some topics discussed, herein, include emergence of new virulence factors of vibrio cholera as potential vaccine candidates; possible targets for quorum quenching of vibrio cholerae; the environmental reservoirs and vector of vibrio cholerae; and current African perspectives of cholera.

Handbook of Neurological Sports Medicine: Concussion and Other Nervous System Injuries in the Athlete presents techniques for diagnosis and treatment of head-related injuries to enable medical professionals to provide the best care possible. Authored by a respected team of neurosurgeons, including highly regarded concussion researcher Julian Bailes, this evidence-based reference offers expert guidelines for managing these serious injuries. A strong focus is placed on concussion due to the risk involved with this common injury. The text outlines how to recognize, assess, and treat concussions, preparing practitioners to calmly respond to athletes who are exhibiting signs of this dangerous condition. It also reviews the biomechanics and pathophysiology at the core of concussions to better understand their clinical presentations. Critical return-to-play guidelines and participation recommendations for patients with preexisting neurological conditions or structural lesions arm medical professionals with the principles needed for making appropriate decisions for athletes' safety. The text explains the roles of pharmacological management, natural treatment approaches, rehabilitation strategies, and education. In addition, chapters provide coverage of postconcussion syndrome, subconcussion, and second-impact syndrome. Handbook of Neurological Sports Medicine also takes a look at other traumatic injuries, including injuries to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, and the soft tissue and fascia within the spinal unit. It provides an overview of peripheral nervous system injuries to ensure medical professionals understand those serious and potentially career-ending issues, reviews facets of optimal response with suspected or proven spinal injury, and discusses the evaluation and management of athletes with non-concussion-related headaches and heat illness or heatstroke. The text includes additional features to address issues surrounding critical injuries: * Guidance on developing an action plan for athletic events prepares first responders for emergency situations. * A review of cases of interest provides examples of situations that can-and do-occur. * Medicolegal considerations educate practitioners about negligence, standard of care, and proximate cause. * More than 150 photos and illustrations offer visual support to further explain the injuries. The evaluation and management of sport-related neurological injuries have matured at an unprecedented rate. Handbook of Neurological Sports Medicine is a critical resource for all who encounter and treat neurological injuries, providing the foundation for the clinical decisions that all athletic medical practitioners must make to give their patients the best treatment possible. Continuing education credits and units may also be earned based on the subject matter in this book. Explore online CE course options in Human Kinetics' Continuing Education store.

Malaria sickens hundreds of millions of people--and kills one to three million--each year. Despite massive efforts to eradicate the disease, it remains a major public health problem in poorer tropical regions. But malaria has not always been concentrated in tropical areas. How did other regions control malaria and why does the disease still flourish in some parts of the globe?

From Russia to Bengal to Palm Beach, Randall Packard's far-ranging narrative traces the natural and social forces that help malaria spread and make it deadly. He finds that war, land development, crumbling health systems, and globalization--coupled with climate change and changes in the distribution and flow of water--create conditions in which malaria's carrier mosquitoes thrive. The combination of these forces, Packard contends, makes the tropical regions today a perfect home for the disease.

Authoritative, fascinating, and eye-opening, this short history of malaria concludes with policy recommendations for improving control strategies and saving lives.

This open access book examines global plastic pollution, an issue that has become a critical societal challenge with implications for environmental and public health. This volume provides a comprehensive, holistic analysis on the plastic cycle and its subsequent effects on biota, food security, and human exposure. Importantly, global environmental change and its associated, systems-level processes, including atmospheric deposition, ecosystem complexity, UV exposure, wind patterns, water stratification, ocean circulation, etc., are all important direct and indirect factors governing the fate, transport and biotic and abiotic processing of plastic particles across ecosystem types. Furthermore, the distribution of plastic in the ocean is not independent of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, since much of the plastic in marine ecosystems originates from land and should therefore be evaluated in the context of the larger plastic cycle. Changes in species size, distribution, habitat, and food web complexity, due to global environmental change, will likely alter trophic transfer dynamics and the ecological effects of nano- and microplastics. The fate and transport dynamics of plastic particles are influenced by their size, form, shape, polymer type, additives, and overall ecosystem conditions. In addition to the risks that plastics pose to the total environment, the potential impacts on human health and exposure routes, including seafood consumption, and air and drinking water need to be assessed in a comprehensive and quantitative manner. Here I present a holistic and interdisciplinary book volume designed to advance the understanding of plastic cycling in the environment with an emphasis on sources, fate and transport, ecotoxicology, climate change effects, food security, microbiology, sustainability, human exposure and public policy.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

The World Health Organization's recently published Global Report on Drowning found that drowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death worldwide-making the information presented in this new book an important part of the global effort to reduce this health risk. Written by leading researchers and academics from around the world, The Science of Beach Lifeguarding focuses on the scientific evidence that underpins what is taught to and practised by beach lifeguards. It is the first book to pull together all the different areas involved in beach lifeguarding and evaluate their evidence base. An accessible and informative reference underpinned by the best current research, the book's key themes cover the context of beach lifeguarding, the physical environment in which lifeguards work, medical aspects, practical lifeguarding techniques, physiological standards for lifeguards, safety education, and future developments in beach lifeguarding. The book presents groundbreaking work quantifying the scientific rationale behind a universally accepted fitness standard. It supplies an in-depth examination of the risks and hazards associated with the beach environment, including rip currents and cold water immersion. The book includes a state-of-the-art review of drowning and a comprehensive chapter on first aid. Detailing the recently announced 2015 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines, this book is a must-have for beach lifeguards, beach lifeguard managers, search and rescue personnel, paramedics, sports scientists, health and safety practitioners, and occupational health practitioners.

The Oxford Manual of Major Incident Management brings together and integrates the key facts for all those involved in major incident planning and response. This will be an invaluable resource for a wide range of professionals, from doctors across emergency medicine, public health, general practice, pre-hospital care, and communicable disease control, to nurses, emergency services, administrators and planners. Transport, industrial, and natural disasters have always necessitated a coordinated interagency, multi-professional response, and with the rising threat in terrorist incidents, that need has never been greater. The information base required to plan for and manage this response has now been collected together into a single user friendly volume, clearly describing the hazards and their management at all stages. This manual will be useful in planning for all types of major incident, acting as the basis for training, and as an aide-memoir during an event. Authoritative, comprehensive, and concise, this quick-reference guide will be of use to both established experts and to novices in the field.

The scope of occupational health nursing practice has expanded and taken on a variety of roles, giving rise to opportunities for nurses to care for workers in various workplace settings. Essentials for Occupational Health Nursing provides a highly practical and accessible guide for nurses entering or already engaged in this important field. The text begins with the foundations for occupational health practice, covering the domain of occupational health and the role of the many professionals within the specialty. Subsequent chapters address program development, professional development, workplace regulatory requirements, workplace injury management and managing health and productivity. Case studies pertaining to fitness for duty and medical monitoring provide real-life scenarios to aid in learning. This title is also available as a mobile App from MedHand Mobile Libraries. Buy it now from iTunes, Google Play or the MedHand Store.

There are about 8 million deaths each year from neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the underdeveloped world, whilst drug discovery focus and practice is only recently taking on greater urgency and embracing the latest technologies. This unique book is a state of the art review of drug discovery in respect of NTDs and highlights best practice to guide the ongoing drug discovery effort and also to raise debate and awareness in areas that remain highly neglected. All the major diseases such as malaria, trypanosomatids and TB are covered, with a review of each disease and established compounds, new mechanistic classes and new horizons. Each chapter highlights the key science that has led to breakthroughs, with detailed assessment of the key medicinal chemistry involved, and critical appraisal of new emerging approaches. Later chapters highlight under publicized disease areas where the medical needs are neglected and research is very limited, to raise awareness. The editors, acknowledged experts in the field, have a wealth of experience in successful drug discovery practice and tropical diseases.

This volume provides a reflective summary of research in parasitology in the late 20th Century combined with a vision of the major challenges and potential successes in the 21st Century. It has been compiled from selected papers presented at the Eighth International Congress of Parasitology. A wide variety of topics are covered including medical, veterinary, and plant parasitology, by contributors from many different countries. Chapters within the book consider current research on the biology of parasites, and new strategies in the transmission and control of parasitic diseases. This book represents an invaluable resource for all parasitologists. Not only is it an up- to-date summary of research, but it is also a thought provoking look at the future.

NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN DRUG DISCOVERY Explore novel drug discovery updates from medicinal plants to help fight the devastating effects of neglected tropical diseases Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery delivers a comprehensive exploration of the drug discovery process as it pertains to neglected tropical diseases. The book covers recent advancements in drug discovery, as well as druggable targets and new challenges facing the industry. It offers readers expansive discussions of specific diseases, including protozoan, helminth, bacterial, viral, fungal, and ectoparasitic infections. This book provides readers with insightful perspectives from leading industry voices on fifty years of trends and progress in the search for new, safe, and affordable therapeutic drugs in the fight against neglected tropical diseases. It includes information beneficial to researchers in a variety of fields of biology, chemistry, medicine, and pharmaceuticals. The distinguished authors cover topics including the effects of phytochemicals on the causative agent of leprosy and the potential applicability of phytochemicals in the management of Dengue fever. Readers will also enjoy the inclusion of: Thorough introductions to neglected tropical diseases, phytochemicals, protein targets, and mechanisms in drug discovery, as well as the epidemiology of neglected tropical diseases An exploration of novel bioactive lead compounds for drug discovery against neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis, trypanosomiasis, and schistosomiasis Discussions of protozoan infections, including herbal, nutritional, and traditional remedies for giardiasis and the anti-leishmanial potentials of phytochemicals Examinations of helminth infections, including the prospects of phytochemicals in the treatment of helminthiasis Perfect for medicinal chemists, drug developers, and research and development scientists, Neglected Tropical Diseases and Phytochemicals in Drug Discovery will also earn a place in the libraries of toxicologists and researchers in biology, chemistry, medicinal chemistry, ethnobotany, and bioinformatics seeking a one-stop resource for drug discovery for neglected tropical diseases.

Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts verwusteten Epidemien der Schlafkrankheit weite Teile der europaischen Kolonialgebiete in Afrika. Diese akute Krise in den Krankheitsgebieten setzte eine ganze Reihe von Entwicklungen in Gang, deren Reichweite sich keineswegs auf den afrikanischen Kontinent beschrankte. Wahrend in den Kolonien Zwangsuntersuchungen und -behandlungen der afrikanischen Bevoelkerung eingefuhrt, Verkehrswege kontrolliert und ganze Landstriche evakuiert und umgestaltet wurden, formierte sich in Europa die Tropenmedizin als avantgardistisches Projekt an einer Schnittstelle von Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Politik. Stellte die Konfrontation mit der Krankheit die Kolonialmachte zwar vor massive Schwierigkeiten, so oeffnete sie gleichzeitig ein koloniales Experimentierfeld fur Biomedizin, Pharma-Industrie und Administrationen. Die Studie beschreibt die Entstehung dieses neuen Forschungs- und Interventionsfeldes als eine europaische Verflechtungsgeschichte. Was sagen die Massnahmen zur Bekampfung der Krankheit uber die imperiale Pragung moderner Biomedizin? Welche Dynamiken kolonialer Herrschaft und internationaler Politik lassen sich an ihnen ablesen? Anhand dieser Fragen oeffnet die Studie das Thema nicht nur fur medizinhistorische Zugriffe, sondern auch fur aktuelle Fragen der Global- und Zeitgeschichte.

The role of the Colonial Medical Service, the organisation responsible for healthcare in British overseas territories, goes to the heart of the British Colonial project. Practising Colonial Medicine is a unique study based on original sources and research into the work of doctors who served in East Africa. It shows the formulation of a distinct colonial identity based on factors of race, class, background, training and Colonial Service traditions, buttressed by professional skills and practice. Anna Crozier analyses all aspects of recruitment, qualifications, training as well as the vital personal factors that shaped the Service's character - religion, a sense of adventure, professional interest, ideas of imperial service, family traditions, professional ties, perceptions of service to humanity and the building up of a common service mentality among colonial medical staff. This is the first comprehensive history of the Colonial Medical Service and makes an important contribution to our understanding of the social and cultural aspects of medical history.

In 1958 the United States launched its first satellite and created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to oversee its new space program. By 1961 NASA was confident enough to put a human being into space. But how had it acquired enough medical knowledge to ensure an astronaut's safety in just three years? It hadn't. The credit goes instead to decades of military medical research. Witnessing the first German missile attack on London in 1944, U.S. Army flight surgeon Harry Armstrong had been immediately concerned that aeronautical engineers would transform the A-4 (V-2) into a vehicle for transporting soldiers. He vowed, as founder (in 1934) of the military's only aviation human-factors research lab, to make such trips survivable. Efforts at Wright Field and the army's School of Aviation Medicine, which Armstrong had also turned into a world-class research institution, were the real reason for the successful start to America's manned space program. In Testing the Limits, Maura Phillips Mackowski describes the crucial foundational contributions of military flight surgeons who routinely risked their lives in test aircraft, research balloons, pressure chambers, rocket-propelled sleds, or parachute harnesses. Drawing on rare primary sources and interviews, she also reveals the little-known but vital contributions of German emigre scientists whose expertise in areas unknown to Americans created a hybrid specialty: space medicine. She reveals new details on human aeromedical experimentation at Dachau, Washington's decision to limit astronaut status to males, and the choice to freeze the air force out of the research specialty it had created and brought to fruition.

Sarah Thebarge, a Yale-trained physician assistant, nearly died of breast cancer at age twenty-seven, but that did not end her deeply felt spiritual calling to medical missions in Africa. Risking her own health, she moved to Togo, West Africa-ranked by the United Nations as the least happy country in the world-to care for sick and suffering patients. Serving without pay in a mission hospital, she pondered the intersection of faith and medicine in her quest to help make the world "well." In the hospital wards, she witnessed death over and over again. In the outpatient clinic, she daily diagnosed patients with deadly diseases, many of which had simple but unavailable cures. She lived in austere conditions and nearly succumbed herself in a harrowing bout with malaria. She describes her experiences in gripping detail and reflects courageously about difficult and deep human connections-across race, culture, material circumstances, and medical access. Her experience exemplifies the triumph of surviving in order to share the stories that often go untold. In the end, WELL is an invitation to ask what happens when, instead of asking why God allows suffering to happen in the world, we ask, "Why do we?"