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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Social issues > Ethical issues & debates
From the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe's resistance against the Dakota
Access pipeline to the Nepalese Newar community's protest of the
Fast Track Road Project, Indigenous peoples around the world are
standing up and speaking out against global capitalism to protect
the land, water, and air. By reminding us of the fundamental
importance of placing Indigenous politics, histories, and
ontologies at the center of our social movements, Indigenous
Resurgence positions environmental justice within historical,
social, political, and economic contexts, exploring the troubling
relationship between colonial and environmental violence and
reframing climate change and environmental degradation through an
anticolonial lens.
While previous research in educational administration has focused
on how to combat students' tardiness, absenteeism, and disciplinary
problems, only a few studies have focused on teachers' withdrawal
behaviors, such as absenteeism and the intent to leave. This book
takes a unique organizational approach towards understanding the
concept of ethics in educational systems. It provides a global
perspective and connects theory and praxis through team-based
simulations, case studies and scenarios. It also allows
researchers, educators and teachers, and educational leaders and
administrators around the world to understand how they can develop
an ethical culture in their schools. This understanding can
encourage the development and assimilation of a code of ethics for
teachers and educators and the creation of a policy of intervention
that can help to minimize teachers' withdrawal behaviors. In this
way, the author presents an integrative approach towards creating a
positive learning environment for teachers and students.
New York Times Bestseller How far are Americans willing to go to
force each other to fall in line? According to the establishment
media, the intelligentsia, and our political chattering class, the
greatest threat to American freedom lies in right-wing
authoritarianism. We've heard that some 75 million Americans who
voted for Donald Trump represent the rise of American fascism; that
conservatives have allowed authoritarianism to bloom in their
midst, creating a grave danger for the republic. But what if the
true authoritarian threat to America doesn't come from the
political right, but from the supposedly anti-fascist left? There
are certainly totalitarians on the political right. But
statistically, they represent a fringe movement with little
institutional clout. The authoritarian left, meanwhile, is
ascendant in nearly every area of American life. A small number of
leftists-college-educated, coastal, and uncompromising-have not
just taken over the Democratic Party but our corporations, our
universities, our scientific establishment, our cultural
institutions. And they have used their newfound power to silence
their opposition. The authoritarian Left is aggressively insistent
that everyone must conform to its values, demanding submission and
conformity. The dogmatic Left is obsessed with putting people in
categories and changing human nature. Everyone who opposes it must
be destroyed. Ben Shapiro looks at everything from pop culture to
the Frankfurt school, social media to the Founding Fathers, to
explain the origins of our turn to tyranny, and why so many seem
blind to it. More than a catalog of bad actors and intemperate
acts, The Authoritarian Moment lays bare the intolerance and
rigidity creeping into all American ideology - and prescribes the
solution to ending the authoritarianism that threatens our future.
While much has been written on illicit drug use, policy, and drugs'
relationship to crime, this study examines the drug war as most
Americans have experienced it--through mass-mediated rhetoric:
presidential drug war declarations, news stories and hype, public
service announcements, and the like. Such rhetoric influences
public opinion about illegal drugs, drug users, presidents, and the
drug war itself. And according to this author, such rhetoric is
also used as a public relations campaign designed to increase the
popularity of government officials and to assure quiescence
regarding particular policy programs. This study demonstrates the
underestimated influence of rhetoric, political uses of public
relations and the powerful influence they have on public opinion
and the policy process.
The book makes theoretical and empirical contributions to recent
debates on hybrid forms of peace and 'post-liberal' peace. In
applying concepts of power, hybridity and resistance, and providing
different kinds of hybridity and resistance to explore
post-conflict peacebuilding in Sierra Leone, the author makes an
original contribution to existing literature by providing various
ways in which power can be exercised not just between locals and
internationals, but also among locals themselves and the nature of
peace that is produced. This volume provides various ways in which
hybridity and resistance can be manifested. A more rigorous
development of these concepts not only offers a better
understanding of the nature of these concepts, but also helps us to
distinguish forms of hybridity and resistance that are emancipatory
or transformatory from those that result in people accommodating
themselves to their situation. This book is an invaluable resource
for scholars and students of peacebuilding, peace and conflict
studies, International Relations and African Studies, and
practitioners of peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction.
A personal story of almost forty years debating abortion on radio,
television, and univeristy campuses that also shapes up as an
anecdotal history of the pro-life movement and a handbook for
debating against abortion.
Life and health sciences and biomedical studies have developed
rapidly over the last few decades raising previously unanticipated
ethical concerns and questions. New and emerging technologies
require novel approaches, protocols and raised awareness to ensure
adequate levels of biosecurity and biosafety as well as the
implementation of special measures to prevent their potential
misuse or dual use. This volume brings together an international
collection of prominent ethics experts in health and life sciences,
with the aim of providing clear and comprehensive guidelines for
the establishment of efficient ethical strategies related to
current and emerging biotechnologies and health research. Important
current topics in research ethics including CRISPR-Cas9
technologies, gene editing, 'big data' in healthcare and life
sciences, nutrition in medicine among other topics have found their
place in this volume. In addition, the volume discusses the
prospects for the implementation of an international unification of
ethical standards in life sciences.
This book provides a detailed analysis of the economic and
political implications of the introduction of Artificial
Intelligence and Robotics into the service sector of economies that
have so far relied on service jobs to sustain levels of employment.
It examines how reliance on coercive measures for enforcing
low-paid service work attempts to postpone this third Industrial
Revolution, and analyses the struggles that must still take place
if we are to achieve a future of freedom and social justice for
all. While automation and globalisation have made human
solidarities of traditional kinds more difficult to sustain, they
have also made new kinds possible. Experiments in social policy,
and especially the pilot projects with unconditional Universal
Basic Incomes, offer a possible model for a new kind of society.
The author argues that it is politics which will determine whether
we can achieve these new human solidarities.
By analyzing the cases present in this volume, the editors develop
important steps towards a theory of social change that can
adequately address the complex realities and intersectionality of
identity (race, gender, class, sexuality, nationality) within and
among these new movements.
Since the 1970s, alarming discourses about declining fertility and
the difficulties of balancing work and family have flourished in
Western countries. Captured by the notion of the 'biological
clock', they put women's reproductive age and the fertility decline
to the centre of public and medical attention. Reproductive
biomedicine constitutes a specific domain invested with hopes for
technological and medical answers and a new market for fertility
extension technologies, such as egg donation and social egg
freezing. Addressing long-standing questions about the articulation
of the biological and the social in the making of bodies and
identities, this book questions the nature of reproductive ageing,
a taken for granted 'fact of life' at the core of reproductive
biomedicine. What is the biology of the 'biological clock' made of
and how can we account for its embodied reality from a feminist
perspective? Opening the black box of the biological, the book
makes a way between essentialism and constructivism with the aim of
accounting for its materiality, while also illuminating its
political implications. By following the ontological choreographies
of age-related infertility in the science and medicine of
reproduction, this study explores how age materializes and
documents what happens when reproduction meets ageing. Deeply
transdisciplinary, it questions what is fixed about the biology of
the fertility decline in a way which adds complexity to debates
about the biomedicalization of reproductive ageing.
This book is about the philosophy of de-extinction. To make an
extinct species 'de-extinct' is to resurrect it by creating new
organisms of the same, or similar, appearance and genetics. The
book describes current attempts to resurrect three species, the
aurochs, woolly mammoth and passenger pigeon. It then investigates
two major philosophical questions such projects throw up. These are
the Authenticity Question-'will the products of de-extinction be
authentic members of the original species?'-and the Ethical
Question-'is de-extinction something that should be done?' The book
surveys and critically evaluates a raft of arguments for and
against the authenticity or de-extinct organisms, and for and
against the ethical legitimacy of de-extinction. It concludes,
first, that authentic de-extinctions are actually possible, and
second, that de-extinction can potentially be ethically legitimate,
especially when deployed as part of a 'freeze now and resurrect
later' conservation strategy.
This book provides a comprehensive study of abortion politics and
policy in Northern Ireland. Whilst there is a substantial amount of
literature on abortion in Ireland and the rest of the United
Kingdom, there has been scant academic attention paid to the
situation in Northern Ireland. Adopting a feminist institutionalist
framework, the book illustrates the ways in which abortion has been
addressed at both the national institution at Westminster and the
devolved institution at Stormont. Covering the period from early
peace process in the 1980s to the present day, the text will be of
interest to politics scholars, but also sociologists, historians
and students of Irish studies.
Masculine Identities and Male Sex Work Between East Java and Bali
introduces the reader to the stories of young male sex workers in
South Bali. These are accounts of gang warfare, bodies, and
violence which speak to the dreams, aspirations, and failures of a
generation of young men in contemporary Indonesia.
Freedom and Dialogue in a Polarized World argues that our most
cherished ideas about freedom-being left alone to do as we please,
or uncovering the truth-have failed us. They promote the polarized
thinking that blights our world. Rooted in literature, political
theory and Mikhail Bakhtin's theories of language, this book
introduces a new concept: dialogic freedom. This concept combats
polarization by inspiring us to feel freer the better able we are
to see from the perspectives of others. To say that freedom is
dialogic is to apply to it an idea about language. If you and I are
talking, I anticipate from you a response that could be friendly,
hostile, or indifferent, and this awareness helps determine what I
say. If you look bored or give me a blank stare, I might not say
anything at all. In this sense language is dialogic. The same can
be said of freedom. Our decisions take into account the voices of
others to which we feel answerable, and these voices coauthor our
choices. In today's polarized world, prevailing concepts of freedom
as autonomy and enlightenment have encouraged us to take refuge in
echo chambers among the like-minded. Whether the subject is
abortion, terrorism, or gun control, these concepts encourage us to
shut out the voices of those who dare to disagree. We need a new
way to think about freedom. Freedom and Dialogue in a Polarized
World presents riveting moments of choice from Homer's Iliad,
Dante's Inferno, Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice, Milton's
Paradise Lost, Melville's "Benito Cereno," Dostoevsky's The
Brothers Karamazov, Kafka's "In the Penal Colony," and Morrison's
Beloved, in order to advocate reading for and with dialogic
freedom. It ends with a practical application to the debate about
abortion and an invitation to rethink other polarizing issues. For
more information, please visit: http://dialogicfreedom.weebly.com/.
This book is the first comprehensive report and analysis of the
Dutch euthanasia experience over the last three decades. In
contrast to most books about euthanasia, which are written by
authors from countries where the practice is illegal and therefore
practiced only secretly, this book analyzes empirical data and
real-life clinical behavior. Its essays were written by the leading
Dutch scholars and clinicians who shaped euthanasia policy and who
have studied, evaluated, and helped regulate it. Some of them have
themselves practiced euthanasia. The book will contribute to the
world literature on physician-assisted death by providing a
comprehensive examination of how euthanasia has been practiced and
how it has evolved in one specific national and cultural context.
It will greatly advance the understanding of euthanasia among both
advocates and opponents of the practice.
Surveillance and the Vanishing Individual is an investigation into
the impact of the spread of digital technologies and practices, and
especially the wide-spread practice of mass surveillance, on
privacy and personhood. The book argues that the quest for
prediction, certainty, and control lying at the heart of the
state's security apparatus destroys an essential component of human
dignity and fundamentally undermines liberalism. The book begins
with a discussion of the rise of the digital age and the historical
import of this development. Subsequent chapters of the book examine
different cultural understandings of privacy, the philosophical
discussion of its centrality to human existence, and the form and
extent of its legal protection. Lindau explores the reasons behind
the rise of mass state surveillance, the modest legal restraints
governing its use, and its deployment against activists,
protestors, and dissidents and its impact on individuals and on
privacy. The book then turns to a discussion of the rise of
"surveillance capitalism" and, because this is not just-or even
primarily-a U.S. phenomenon, examines the political, social, and
other impacts of social media around the world. The book includes a
case study discussing the global use of surveillance during the
Covid-19 pandemic and the implications of this development before
concluding with reflections on the relationship between mass
surveillance and liberalism. The book will appeal equally to
readers across the social sciences and philosophy, and to students
in courses on privacy, surveillance, and democracy. Lindau expertly
explores the social, political, and economic consequences of
digitization and one of its essential features - the appropriation
and "mining" of ever large troves of personal information. The book
primarily focuses on the experience of the United States but
includes a comparative cross-national and cross-regional analysis
and a discussion of the link between different regime types and
state surveillance.
From Josh Tickell, one of America's most celebrated documentary
filmmakers, comes a "fascinating, easy-to-follow blueprint for how
eating in ways that nourish and regenerate the soil can not only
help reverse global warming, but also bring greater vitality to our
lives" (Wolfgang Puck). "A must read for anyone committed to
healing our bodies and our Earth" (Deepak Chopra), Kiss the Ground
explains an incredible truth: by changing our diets to a
soil-nourishing, regenerative agriculture diet, we can reverse
global warming, harvest healthy, abundant food, and eliminate the
poisonous substances that are harming our children, pets, bodies,
and ultimately our planet. This "richly visual" (Kirkus Reviews)
look at the impact of an underappreciated but essential
resource-the very ground that feeds us-features fascinating and
accessible interviews with celebrity chefs, ranchers, farmers, and
top scientists. Kiss the Ground teaches you how to become an agent
in humanity's single most important and time-sensitive mission:
reverse climate change and effectively save the world-all through
the choices you make in how and what to eat. Also a full-length
documentary executive produced by Leonardo DiCaprio and narrated by
Woody Harrelson, "Kiss the Ground both informs and inspires"
(Marianne Williamson, #1 New York Times bestselling author).
This book considers a burgeoning social phenomenon, compensated
dating in Hong Kong, that facilitates direct commercial sex
exchange between consenting females from their mid-teens through
the late 20s and males from their early 20s to mid-adulthood.
Informed by the transformation of intimacy, the breakdown of
institutional constraints, the emergence of a new female sexual
autonomy and the advancement of information technology, this book
moves beyond stereotypes of sex work to look at the complexities of
compensated dating. The phenomenon of compensated dating is
distinctive from most other sex trades in that it involves intense
emotional interactions and often extends beyond the commercial
boundary. Given the dynamic, flexible and ambiguous nature of
compensated dating, it has become more of a space for sexual
explorations and less of a rigid model of commercial sex, at least
in the eye of the participants. This book walks through how men
become involved in compensated dating and also sheds lights on how
gender relations are negotiated, with important implications on
what it means to be a man and a woman in contemporary Hong Kong
society. It also speaks to the broader transformations of some of
the key social structures and elements, particularly gender and
sexualities, in the era of late modernity.
Weaving together a diverse range of scholarly-activist
intersectional voices from around the world, Critical Animal
Studies and Activism: International Perspectives on Total
Liberation and Intersectionality co-edited by Anthony J. Nocella II
and Richard J. White makes a powerful contribution to knowledge and
understanding. It is essential reading for environmentalists,
animal advocates, social justice organizers, policy-makers, social
change-makers, and indeed for all those who care about the future
of this planet. This book spans many scholar disciplines and
activist social movements, and provides new insights to fundamental
debates surrounding inter-species justice, liberation, and
democracy. This critical theory for total liberation book expands
the understanding of one struggle one fight: for human freedom, for
animal rights, and for the liberation of the earth herself. Rooted
in a radical praxis, the book argues that those in academia that
claim critical animal studies, need to hit the streets with the
protesters and the protesters need to join the theoretical
conversations. Theory and practice and not binaries, but two pieces
of a larger goal. Read this book and use its arguments to take the
fight to smash capitalism, oppression, and domination in all its
forms!
The study of death has the capacity to bring together a range of
policy areas. Yet death is often overlooked within policy debates
in the UK and beyond, and within gerontology. Bringing together a
range of scholars engaged in policy associated with death, this
collection provides a holistic account of how death factors in
social policy. Within this, issues covered include inheritance,
palliative care, euthanasia, funeral costs, bereavement support,
marginalised deaths and disposal practices. At the heart of the
book, the volume recognises that the issues identified are likely
to intensify and expand over the next twenty years, as death rates
continue to rise.
Prostitution in the ancient Greek world was widespread, legal, and
acceptable as a fact of life and an unavoidable necessity. The
state regulated the industry and treated prostitution as any other
trade. Almost every prominent man in the ancient world has been
truly or falsely associated with some famous hetaira. These women,
who sold their affections to the richest and most influential men
of their time, have become legends in their own right. They pushed
the boundaries of female empowerment in their quest for
self-promotion and notoriety, and continue to fascinate us.
Prostitution remains a complex phenomenon linked to issues of
gender, culture, law, civic ideology, education, social control,
and economic forces. This is why its study is of paramount
importance for our understanding of the culture, outlook and
institutions of the ancient world, and in turn it can shed new
light and introduce new perspectives to the challenging debate of
our times on prostitution and contemporary sexual morality. The
main purpose of this book is to provide the primary historical
study of the topic with emphasis upon the separation of facts from
the mythology surrounding the countless references to prostitution
in Greek literary sources.
This book starts from the discussion of a pornography, but does not
end with pornography. Rather, it suggests that a pornographic star
can be treated as a cultural product which obtains rich cultural
meanings. It contributes to the debate between the global
homogenization paradigm and the creolization paradigm which
predominates in multiple disciplines, through a thorough
examination of the entire process of the cross-cultural migration
of Aoi Sola, a Japanese adult video (AV) actress who has achieved
amazing popularity in mainland China since 2010. Through
fifteen-month participant observation inside the two Chinese
agencies of Sola, this study reveals that the transformative
intermediaries play a significant role in the transformation of the
cultural product in the Chinese context, even though their
operations are usually invisible to outsiders. The findings
challenge the conventional scholarly assumption that foreign
products produced by global producers are consumed "directly" by
local consumers or that the significance of these intermediaries
can be ignored. This study further extends the participant
observation inside the realistic field to the virtual space of
media in different countries, which can be called the second field.
It demonstrates that multiple local groups, including
intermediaries, Chinese commercial news portals, Party media, and
Chinese Internet users, respond to the dominant ideologies in
Chinese society by reinterpreting Sola in different, even
contradictory, ways. Thus, this research refutes the presumption
that a local society is a coherent monolith in the acceptance of
foreign cultural products. The book also deepens the reader's
understanding of Chinese Internet usage.
Addresses the growing concern about journalism ethics in the United
States and worldwide. Essays provide insights into the motivations,
techniques, and challenges of journalists everywhere.
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