L'objectif principal de ce travail etait d'evaluer: 1) les variables d'apprentissage susceptibles d'influencer l'acquisition d'un geste discret et/ou continu (Experiences 1 et 2), et 2) la nature des representations sensori-motrices au cours de l'apprentissage (Experience 3). Les donnees obtenues dans la premiere etude (Experiences 1 et 2) revelent que la condition de pratique et/ou le niveau de similarite entre les taches a apprendre sont susceptibles de moduler les processus intra- et/ou inter-taches mis en jeu par l'apprenant au cours de la phase de pratique, et donc d'influencer l'apprentissage. Les resultats de l'Experience 3 revelent une predominance du code visuo-spatial dans la representation de mouvements sequentiels, associee a une dependance du systeme effecteur, quelle que soit la quantite de pratique. Nos resultats ne confirment pas l'hypothese du passage progressif d'un codage de type visuo-spatial (effecteur independant) au debut de la pratique, a un codage de type moteur (effecteur dependant) avec davantage de pratique. Les implications theoriques et pratiques qui emergent de ces resultats sont discutees au regard des donnees et modeles theoriques preexistants.

Le phenomene d'ancrage et ajustement est un biais cognitif mis en evidence par Tversky et Kahneman en 1974. Etudie dans des domaines extremement varies, il s'avere particulierement robuste et puissant. L'individu qui doit effectuer un jugement sous une forme numerique s'avere tres influence par toute valeur (ou ancre) qui lui a ete precedemment suggeree. L'objectif de cette these a ete d'etudier ce phenomene dans un domaine qui presente des enjeux individuels et sociaux particulierement fondamentaux: celui du jugement penal. Deux etudes d'archives et deux experimentations impliquant des magistrats ayant de nombreuses annees d'exercice ont permis a la fois de confirmer l'existence de ce biais dans les decisions de justice, mais aussi de circonscrire l'etendue du phenomene en fonction de l'expertise des juges et du caractere plausible des ancres presentees (dans le cadre du jugement judiciaire l'ancre correspond a la proposition de peine du procureur)."

Experimental psychology approaches psychology as one of the natural sciences, and therefore assumes that it is susceptible to the experimental method. Many experimental psychologists have gone further, and have assumed that all methods of investigation other than experimentation are suspect. In particular, experimental psychologists have been inclined to discount the case study and interview methods as they have been used in clinical and developmental psychology. This book brings together leading research from around the world in this field.

Come Along is an attempt to respond to the contemporary crises in the world with the intention of discovering the path to peace and happiness, which every human heart craves. Since they are seen as a consequence of being true to our human nature, answers to the perennial questions of philosophy are of paramount importance. And since the latter are rooted in and stem from the heart of reality, which from time immemorial has received irreconcilable interpretations, inquiry into reality is the major undertaking of this volume. Respondowska's study terminates in a system of thought. By discovering the truth of reality as well as the answers to the perennial questions regarding one's life on the one hand, and the reasons for the crises in our time on the other, those who struggle thus find the path that leads to genuine happiness

How can we objectively define categories of truth in scientific thinking? How can we reliably measure the results of research? In this ground-breaking text, Dienes undertakes a comprehensive historical analysis of the dominant schools of thought, key theories and influential thinkers that have progressed the foundational principles and characteristics that typify scientific research methodology today. This book delivers a masterfully simple, 'though not simplistic', introduction to the core arguments surrounding Popper, Kuhn and Lakatos, Fisher and Royall, Neyman and Pearson and Bayes. Subsequently, this book clarifies the prevalent misconceptions that surround such theoretical perspectives in psychology today, providing an especially accessible critique for student readers. This book launches an informative inquiry into the methods by which psychologists throughout history have arrived at the conclusions of research, equipping readers with the knowledge to accurately design and evaluate their own research and gain confidence in critiquing results in psychology research. Particular attention is given to understanding methods of measuring the falsifiability of statements, probabilities and the differing views on statistical inference. An illuminating book for any undergraduate psychology student taking courses in critical thinking, research methods, BPS's core area 'conceptual and historical issues' as well as those studying masters, phd's and experienced researchers.

The question of memory recovery is now more important than ever with the controversy over delayed recall and false memory having spilled over from psychology to the courts and the public media. The Recovery of Unconscious Memories provides a comprehensive scientific treatment of a century of research that integrates for the first time the findings of the clinic and the laboratory. Included are authoritative treatments of hypnotic hypermnesia, free association and forced recall, the recovery of subliminal stimuli in dreams and fantasy, electrical recall, recovery of sensory-motor skills (also symptoms or "sick skills"), and modern mathematical decision theory analyses of true and false memories. Erdelyi's own ground-breaking research is presented, including his recent discovery of striking memory recoveries in long-delayed recall probes administered months after last testing. In a technical appendix, Erdelyi unveils for the first time a methodological solution to the problem of response bias in narrative recall.

A step-by-step guide to researching what people do in their everyday lives. This practical, beginner-friendly book teaches readers how to do daily life research, which is the study of what people do in their ordinary environments in their everyday lives. The basic approach is to collect data intensively over time, at least once a day for many days, in people's natural environments rather than in research labs. Common methods include daily diaries, experience sampling, and ecological momentary assessment. Collectively, these methods trade off the control and precision of the lab for the texture, depth, and realism of the real world. The book walks readers through the entire process of the research project, including first selecting a design and developing survey items, then collecting and cleaning data, and finally analyzing and disseminating the findings. With example studies pulled from all areas of psychology, the book will provide students with the conceptual foundation and practical knowledge needed to examine psychological processes 'up close' in ways that experimental and survey methods can't.

Now in a second edition, this pathbreaking investigation into the nature of cognitive reality explores various manifestations of consciousness, including more familiar states such as sleeping and dreaming, as well as hypnosis, trance, dissociation, and near-death experiences. Throughout the work, BaruSs brings to bear significant new neuroscientific evidence supporting the occurrence of these phenomena and their nature and purpose. Other major updates include the latest findings in sleep research, therapeutic discoveries related to psychedelics, empirical research into transcendent states, and developments in the study of anomalous phenomena such as purported alien abduction and UFOs. A new conclusion discusses an exosomatic theory of consciousness that can account for the findings in the text. Students and other readers of this engaging text will sharpen their critical thinking skills and gain an enriched understanding of consciousness, reality, and the scientific endeavor.

Transformational Chairwork: Using Psychotherapeutic Dialogues in Clinical Practice is an exposition of the art and science of Chairwork. It is also a practical handbook for using the Chairwork method effectively with a wide range of clinical problems. Originally created by Dr. Jacob Moreno in the 1950s and then further developed by Dr. Fritz Perls in the 1960s, Chairwork has been embraced and re-envisioned by therapists from cognitive, behavioral, existential, Jungian, experiential, psychodynamic, and integrative perspectives. Transformational Chairwork builds on this rich and creative legacy and provides a model that is both integrative and trans-theoretical. The book familiarizes clinicians with essential dialogue strategies and empowers them to create therapeutic encounters and re-enactments. Chairwork interventions can be broadly organized along the lines of external and internal dialogues. The external dialogues can be used to help patients work though grief and loss, heal from interpersonal abuse and trauma, manage difficult relationships, and develop and strengthen their assertive voice. The internal dialogues in turn focus on resolving inner conflicts, combatting the negative impact of the inner critic and the experience of self-hatred, working with dreams and nightmares, and expanding the self through polarity work. Using both internal and external strategies, this book explores how Chairwork dialogues can be a powerful intervention when working with addictions, social oppression, medical issues, and psychosis. This is done through the use of compelling clinical examples and scripts that can be read, studied, and enacted. Chairwork's central emphasis is helping patients express each of their voices as distinctly and as forcefully as possible. The book concludes with a review of the deepening technique-the strategies that therapists can use to help facilitate clarity and existential ownership.

The bombing of Pearl Harbor, the assassination of President Kennedy, the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger: every generation has unforgettable events, the shared memory of which can create fleeting intimacy among strangers. These public memories, combined with poignant personal moments--the first day of college, a baseball game with one's father, praise from a mentor--are the critical shaping events of individual lives. Although experimental memory studies have long been part of empirical psychology, and psychotherapy has focused on repressed or traumatizing memories, relatively little attention has been paid to the inspiring, touching, amusing, or revealing moments that highlight most lives. What makes something unforgettable? How do we learn to share the significance of memories? David Pillemer's research, brought together in this gracefully written book, extends the current study of narrative and specific memory. Drawing on a variety of evidence and methods--cognitive and developmental psychology, cross-cultural study, psychotherapy case studies, autobiographies and diaries--Pillemer elaborates on five themes: the function of memory; how children learn to construct and share personal memories; memory as a complex interactive system of image, emotion, and narrative; individual and group differences in memory function and performance; and how unique events linger in memory and influence lives. A provocative last chapter, full of striking examples, considers potential variations in memory across gender, culture, and personality. Momentous Events, Vivid Memories is itself a compelling and memorable book.

Are images an important means of recalling information from memory and solving problems? Or are images just display lights on the mind's computer? In "Image and Mind," Stephen Kosslyn makes an impressive case for the view that images are critically involved in the life of the mind. In a series of ingenious experiments, he provides hard evidence that people can construct elaborate mental images, search them for specific information, and perform such other internal operations as mental rotation. Kosslyn demonstrates that these results are best explained by a two-tiered model in which images are stored in abstract form in long-term memory and then assembled for internal display in much the way that images on a TV screen can be created from files in a computer memory.

Kosslyn shows how this model can be used to solve many of the persistent questions which have traditionally plagued theories of imagery that attempted to install imagery as the exclusive medium of mental representation.

Unlike any other work on imagery, Image and Mind provides an integrated account of most of the modern empirical results from imagery research within the framework of a coherent theory. The book also introduces a host of new experimental techniques and major hypotheses to guide future research. The result is a landmark book and a major event in the study of the mind.