Recommended use of antioxidant vitamins to treat varied medical maladies is based on the invalidated free radical theory. The continued non-acceptance of the null findings of over 500 clinical trials on vitamin and antioxidant supplements has no scientific basis or biochemical plausibility. The underlying principles of the free radical theory have been proven to have repeated unreliability. It fails to meet the requirements of the scientific method and lacks reproducibility. Yet, the multi-billion dollar antioxidant supplement industry continues to thrive and trumpet false claims for their potentially harmful products. No doubt, excessive intake of antioxidant vitamins results in increased risk of heart disease, cancer, strokes and overall mortality. A working knowledge of redox chemistry is essential to understanding the hundreds of failed trials testing the efficacy of antioxidant supplements and antioxidant vitamins. Normal redox homeostasis may be pathologically disturbed by overzealous use of antioxidants. My UTOPIA and ROS insufficiency theories present a new perspective more correctly informed by the most contemporaneous experimental findings and by the most reliable clinical trials and studies. In short, electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs) are essential for human existence and protection. An EMOD insufficiency "allows" for the development of a multitude of disease entities, including infections, non-healing wounds, infertility, tumor development, arteriosclerotic blockages, and cancer growth and metastasis. There never has been a "war" between EMODs and antioxidants.

Germination of the thought of "Enzymatic- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges" Proceedings came about as part of the annual meeting of The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) that was held in San Diego in November of 2007. The attendance of workshop by more than 250 pharmaceutical scientists reflected the increased interest in the area of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), the greater focus of PhRMA, academia, and regulatory agencies, and the rapid pace of growth in knowledge. One of the aims of the workshop was to address the progress made in quantitatively predicting enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs as well as highlighted areas where such predictions are poor or areas that remain challenging for the future. Because of the serious clinical implications, initiatives have arisen from the FDA (http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/interactstud.htm) to highlight the importance of enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs. During the past ten to fifteen years, we have come to realize that transporters, in addition to enzymes, play a vital role in drug elimination. Such insight has been possible because of the continued growth in PK-ADME (pharmacokinetics-absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion) knowledge, fueled by further advances in molecular biology, greater availability of human tissues, and the development of additional and sophisticated model systems and sensitive assay methods for studying drug metabolism and transport in vitro and in vivo. This has sparked an in-depth probing into mechanisms surrounding DDIs, resulting from ligand-induced changes in nuclear receptors, as well as alterations in transporter and enzyme expression and function. Despite such advances, the in vitro and in vivo study of drug interactions and the integration of various data sets remain challenging. Therefore, it has become apparent that a proceeding that serves to encapsulate current strategies, approaches, methods and applications is necessary. As Editors, we have assembled a number of opinion leaders and asked them to contribute chapters surrounding these issues. Many of these are the original Workshop speakers whereas others had been selected specially to contribute on topics related to basic and applied information that had not been covered in other reference texts on DDI. The resulting tome, entitled Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges, comprises of four sections. Twenty-eight chapters covering various topics and perspectives related to the subject of metabolic and transporter-based drug-drug interactions are presented.

Chapter 1 is a review of the bioinformatics literature on protein-protein interactions (PPIs). A protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) is a collection of PPIs, often deposited in online databases. PPINs may complement other datasets, such as protein structural information.

Chapter 2 describes the usability and advantages of the micro-patterning technique to study protein-protein interactions in a live cell context. It summarizes results achieved so far, discusses latest technical developments and describes potential future applications.

Chapter 3 describes a strategy for identification of protein peptides cross-linked to radiolabeled RNA derivatives in specific complexes of proteins or ribonucleoproteins with these derivatives. This strategy is alternative to the identification based on mass-spectrometry and can be used for determination of protein sites involved in interactions with specific RNAs when mass-spectrometry is not applicable.

Chapter 4 describes biochemical methods for assessing interaction between distinct ligand-gated channels. This chapter proposes also methods to examine functional impact of these receptor-receptor interactions in the nervous system.

Chapter 5 proposes a statistical approach based on Structural Equation Modeling, in combination with step-wise factor analysis, to infer protein-DNA interactions for gene transcriptional control in the absence of protein information. Such approach only uses gene expression profiles.

Chapter 6 describes procedures for the biochemical analysis of amyloid proteins in transgenic Drosophila, specifically the prion protein. The authors show that protocols from the mammalian literature can be easily adapted and scaled to these small flies and by ensuring robust expression of the prion protein and proper handling of these delicate samples.

Chapter 7 discusses DEAD-box proteins. DEAD-box protein family members participate in many aspects of RNA metabolism, particularly in the ATP-driven disruption of secondary structures of RNA. Genes coding for these types of proteins are recognised in all free living bacteria.

Chapter 8 provides an experimental model of restriction-modification enzyme fusion and proposes a molecular mechanism for appearance of type IIC restriction-modification and M.SsoII-related enzymes, as well as other multifunctional proteins.

Chapter 9 describes the role of branched chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine and valine, in exercise with respect to performance, muscle kinetics, fatigue and immunity. It also discusses the existing evidence on any superior benefits of branched chain amino acid supplements to exercising individuals and athletes.

Chapter 10 provides an overview of the protein-peptide based research in dermatology and the recent emergence of many new dermatologic therapeutic modalities.

Chapter 11 summarizes the adverse health effects of prenatal or early postnatal exposure to environmental pollutants (lead, arsenic and dioxins are the best known), pharmaceuticals, some food additives, and other chemicals through the mechanism of cell deprogramming or imprinting.

Chapter 12 put forward 2D-PAGE as an important tool, especially for clinical laboratories involved in the determination of protein expression levels and disease biomarker discovery.

Chapter 13 shows how to investigate and characterize an open reading frame, from exploiting the similarity in amino acid sequence, until the cloning, expression, purification and activity of the protein and its biological partners.

Chapter 14 focuses on the cloning, heterologous expression and physicochemical characterization of Als5, one of the GPI-anchored adhesins from Candida albicans.

This book, Hydrogen Peroxide: A Health, Homeostatic and Protective Essentiality, verifies the crucial role of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen free radicals and electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs) in healing, sexual function, reproduction, pathogen protection and cancer protection. Once again, we see that electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs) are essential for homeostasis and normal functioning of the body and its organs. The fallen free radical theory has radically misled us many times for over half a century. Oxygen and its electronically modified oxygen derivative (EMOD) progeny are the sine qua non (the essential condition) of man's very existence. This is an inarguable fact. H2O2 is now recognized as a ubiquitous intracellular messenger under subtoxic conditions. Thus, get out of your head the concept that EMODs, and in particular hydrogen peroxide, are some cellular assassinating radical products generated only by angry PMNs. EMODs and hydrogen peroxide are intentionally generated salutary cellular products intended to help regulate critical metabolic and reproductive mechanisms. I believe that hydrogen peroxide is the most prevalent, and perhaps the most significant EMOD in the body, even exceeding the well recognized importance of nitric oxide. Hydrogen peroxide is ubiquitous, omnipresent and in steady state levels in all aerobic cells, due to its crucial protective role in sustaining and perpetuating mankind.

Protein folding dysfunctions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases present intractable medical challenges: drug treatments are, at best, palliative, failing to alter ultimate disease course. Effective intervention will require a deeper understanding of protein folding and its regulation, particularly in view of a sixfold rise in the inflation-adjusted cost of bringing drugs to market since 1950. As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry has sharply curtailed research on a range of poorly-understood afflictions, including Alzheimer's Disease. That is, in all likelihood, there will not be effective drugs for many protein folding disorders anytime soon, and, if produced, the costs will be prohibitive. Here we follow protein folding and its failure from the cellular to social levels of organization, finding a strong foundation for effective public health interventions against the early onset of disease.

2013 Reprint of 1921 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. George Washington Carey (1845-1924) was an American physician known for a number of his 'Chemistry of Life' publications, a subject which he referred to as biochemistry, particularly in his 1919 "The Chemistry of Human Life." Carey combined a mixture of religion, astrology, physiology, anatomy, and chemistry, themed particularly with a mineral-based theory of human disease, to develop his theories. Carey is popular among the new-age and homeopathic circles. In the context of a person viewed as a "human molecule," Carey was the first to state that a person's body is a "chemical formula in operation." With the renewed interest in homeopathy, increased study of astrology and the entrance of the Aquarian Age, Carey's work has gained more importance. This book is serves as a biochemic statement of the cause of disease and the physiological and chemical operation of the human organism and its chemical formulas as well as a statement on the chemical bridge or link between man and God.

Unabridged edition to include: Introduction (What Jehovah, Eve, David & John say) Parts I (Wonders and Possibilities of the Human Body) II (The Bridge of Life) III (Optic Thalmus), and a Vision of Immortality at book's end -

2013 Reprint of 1917 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. George Washington Carey (1845-1924) was an American physician known for his 'chemistry of life' publications, a subject which he referred to as biochemistry. Carey combined a mixture of religion, astrology, physiology, anatomy, and chemistry, themed particularly with a mineral-based theory of human disease to explain his views on human chemistry. He continues to be popular within new-age and homeopathic circles. In the context of a person viewed as a "human molecule," Carey was the first to state that a person's body is a "chemical formula in operation."

Catch up Biology 2e covers the basic principles and concepts in biology that you will need if you are studying medicine or a related subject, or one of the biomedical sciences. The book focuses on human biology and covers: the basic molecules of life, such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids cells, tissues and processes, including energy metabolism, cell division, epithelial and connective tissues the key mammalian systems, for example, homeostasis, the endocrine, respiratory and digestive systems. Throughout the book the authors highlight clinical examples so that you can see the relevance of basic biology to your course. The book also contains questions (and answers) so that you can test your understanding of the subject as you work through the book. This new edition features two new chapters on microorganisms and on genetic disease. Catch up Biology is the ideal book to refresh your understanding of the basic concepts of biology.

This is an account of a project in China carried out in secrecy from the Chinese people and the Western World during the tumultuous years of the Cultural Revolution. Project 523, as it was called, resulted in one of the most significant advances in the treatment of malaria since the discovery and first use of quinine over 300 years ago. The origin of the project was a request from the North Vietnamese Government to Mao Zedong in China, for assistance in managing chloroquine drug-resistant malaria affecting their military forces during the Vietnam-American war. Initially the project was directed by the Chinese military medical research authorities, but it became so large that civilian scientists were called upon to help. Ultimately, to accomplish this task, over 60 institutions and more than 500 scientists and other personnel scattered throughout mainland China became involved. This achievement is all the more remarkable because it was accomplished during the Cultural Revolution using obsolete equipment, and at a time when all regular research was halted, scientists were harassed and denigrated, and academic and intellectual activity was discouraged or even forbidden. The drug discovered - artemisinin from the plant Qinghao (Artemisia annua L) - is now the most widely used treatment for malaria in the world. Chinese Editor Zhang Jianfang was the principal administrator of Project 523. He is now 87 years old, retired, and lives in Beijing. Translators Keith and Muoi Arnold of Northern California were the first Western medical scientists to be informed about and to publish on qinghaosu (artemisinin). Publisher's website: http://sbpra.com/ZhangJianfang

This book is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of the essential clinical trial elements in a concise fashion. It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide to all the personnel involved in the conduct of clinical trials as well as to those who plan to enter this field. Spanning over 167 pages the book provides a thorough compilation on, 1. Fundamentals of Clinical Research 2. Glossary of Clinical Trials Terminology (1052 frequently used terminologies of clinical research) 3. Abbreviations (224 frequently used terminologies of clinical research) 4. Clinical Trial Stakeholders 5. Clinical Study Process 6. Location of Essential Documents Before, During and After Completion of a Clinical Trial 7. Critical Milestones of a Clinical Trial Project 8. Overview of Regulatory Environment in USA, Australia, Europe, UK and India Being the first and only book on this important topic it has fulfilled the unmet need and is of great benefit to all the personnel involved in clinical research.

Calcium channels are ion channels which display selective permeability to calcium ions and are sometimes synonymous as voltage-dependent calcium channels. In this book, the authors present research from across the globe in the study of the properties, functions and regulation of calcium channels. Topics discussed include the distribution of calcium channel Cav1.3 in the central nervous system; the signaling mechanisms of N-type and L-type calcium channels in cardiac hypertrophy and failure; voltage gated calcium channels in the developing vertebrate retina and subcellular calcium dynamics in femtoliter volumes based on the Gillepsie algorithm.

This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

The culmination of more than ten years of research by the authors, this book describes for the first time ever the scientific basis and clinical applications of medical biochemistry, a fundamental paradigm shift in medicine. This paradigm shift is so revolutionary that it has been called the Neustadt-Pieczenik Paradigm, which is the fusion and clinical applications of biochemistry, thermodynamics, physiology, fractal enzymology, nutritional medicine and laboratory testing to identify and correct the underlying causes of many diseases that are considered genetic in nature (eg, Phenylketonuria) and those that are not considered genetic (eg, mature onset asthma, depression, fatigue). In this new medicine, doctors must reject the failed, purely symptomatic treatments they learned in medical school and focus on learning and treating the underlying biochemical causes of disease. From the first documented clinical observations of biochemical individuality in the early 1900s to the development of sophisticated biochemical tests, the authors provide a detailed and stunning analysis of a new medical model to help millions and cure our ailing healthcare system. They uniquely contrast the conventional medical approach with the functional biochemical approach through extensive case studies on depression, arthritis, migraine headaches, seizures, rashes and more. This book is a must-read for physicians, medical students, nutritionists, and anyone looking to take charge of their health.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Oxford Specialty Training is a specialty revision series for postgraduate trainees, taking into account the training structures and syllabuses newly introduced by the Modernising Medical Careers initiative. Training in Anaesthesia is a curriculum-based guide to the first phase of specialty training in anaesthetics; comprehensively covering the specific techniques, assessments and basic medical and physiological knowledge that trainees are required to learn as part of their basic training. These areas are currently examined by the Primary FRCA exam as part of a student's progress towards full fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists, though the knowledge contained within the book continues to apply throughout all phases of training. The book is authored by both trainees and specialists, and has been comprehensively edited and peer-reviewed by both groups in order to create an authoritative yet accessible text, highlighted and augmented by many of the diagrams and key concepts that a trainee may be expected to reproduce during viva examinations. Novel drug tables convey essential information in a new and attractive form, and the majority of images have been created specifically for this book, avoiding the cliched figures and illustrations reproduced in training texts to date. The organisation of the material is unique, and the topic-based design ensures easy navigation and structured revision and learning.

This book talks about developing and improvising upon medical presentations by equipping readers with critical technical tips and tricks to use popular presentation programs like PowerPoint or Keynote effectively. The book details numerous remedial measures for qualitative improvement of average medical presentations. It has three sections: first covers the general aspects of preparing a presentation; the second provides practical details and refinements of preparing a medical presentation; the last section deals with niceties of podium and webinar presentations. The chapters cover many serious mistakes and remedial measures to improve average medical presentations, such as a description of purposeful use of colors in a slide, a brief discourse on technicalities of appropriate clinical image formats for projection ensues; the use of drawing and photo-editing programs to inject excellence in the contents of a medical presentation to help it stand out in the crowd, details on the importance of lexical correctness- typography, line spacing and alignment to enhance the impact of the presented text and many more. Several short videos support and actively promote the viewpoints discussed in the text. This book elaborates on the exquisite art of creating remarkable medical presentations for a specialized audience. This book is a must-have for all healthcare professionals of all specialties and grades who make podium presentations in a medical conference webinar or submit posters for display.