Recommended use of antioxidant vitamins to treat varied medical maladies is based on the invalidated free radical theory. The continued non-acceptance of the null findings of over 500 clinical trials on vitamin and antioxidant supplements has no scientific basis or biochemical plausibility. The underlying principles of the free radical theory have been proven to have repeated unreliability. It fails to meet the requirements of the scientific method and lacks reproducibility. Yet, the multi-billion dollar antioxidant supplement industry continues to thrive and trumpet false claims for their potentially harmful products. No doubt, excessive intake of antioxidant vitamins results in increased risk of heart disease, cancer, strokes and overall mortality. A working knowledge of redox chemistry is essential to understanding the hundreds of failed trials testing the efficacy of antioxidant supplements and antioxidant vitamins. Normal redox homeostasis may be pathologically disturbed by overzealous use of antioxidants. My UTOPIA and ROS insufficiency theories present a new perspective more correctly informed by the most contemporaneous experimental findings and by the most reliable clinical trials and studies. In short, electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs) are essential for human existence and protection. An EMOD insufficiency "allows" for the development of a multitude of disease entities, including infections, non-healing wounds, infertility, tumor development, arteriosclerotic blockages, and cancer growth and metastasis. There never has been a "war" between EMODs and antioxidants.

This book talks about developing and improvising upon medical presentations by equipping readers with critical technical tips and tricks to use popular presentation programs like PowerPoint or Keynote effectively. The book details numerous remedial measures for qualitative improvement of average medical presentations. It has three sections: first covers the general aspects of preparing a presentation; the second provides practical details and refinements of preparing a medical presentation; the last section deals with niceties of podium and webinar presentations. The chapters cover many serious mistakes and remedial measures to improve average medical presentations, such as a description of purposeful use of colors in a slide, a brief discourse on technicalities of appropriate clinical image formats for projection ensues; the use of drawing and photo-editing programs to inject excellence in the contents of a medical presentation to help it stand out in the crowd, details on the importance of lexical correctness- typography, line spacing and alignment to enhance the impact of the presented text and many more. Several short videos support and actively promote the viewpoints discussed in the text. This book elaborates on the exquisite art of creating remarkable medical presentations for a specialized audience. This book is a must-have for all healthcare professionals of all specialties and grades who make podium presentations in a medical conference webinar or submit posters for display.

This book, Hydrogen Peroxide: A Health, Homeostatic and Protective Essentiality, verifies the crucial role of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen free radicals and electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs) in healing, sexual function, reproduction, pathogen protection and cancer protection. Once again, we see that electronically modified oxygen derivatives (EMODs) are essential for homeostasis and normal functioning of the body and its organs. The fallen free radical theory has radically misled us many times for over half a century. Oxygen and its electronically modified oxygen derivative (EMOD) progeny are the sine qua non (the essential condition) of man's very existence. This is an inarguable fact. H2O2 is now recognized as a ubiquitous intracellular messenger under subtoxic conditions. Thus, get out of your head the concept that EMODs, and in particular hydrogen peroxide, are some cellular assassinating radical products generated only by angry PMNs. EMODs and hydrogen peroxide are intentionally generated salutary cellular products intended to help regulate critical metabolic and reproductive mechanisms. I believe that hydrogen peroxide is the most prevalent, and perhaps the most significant EMOD in the body, even exceeding the well recognized importance of nitric oxide. Hydrogen peroxide is ubiquitous, omnipresent and in steady state levels in all aerobic cells, due to its crucial protective role in sustaining and perpetuating mankind.

This is an account of a project in China carried out in secrecy from the Chinese people and the Western World during the tumultuous years of the Cultural Revolution. Project 523, as it was called, resulted in one of the most significant advances in the treatment of malaria since the discovery and first use of quinine over 300 years ago. The origin of the project was a request from the North Vietnamese Government to Mao Zedong in China, for assistance in managing chloroquine drug-resistant malaria affecting their military forces during the Vietnam-American war. Initially the project was directed by the Chinese military medical research authorities, but it became so large that civilian scientists were called upon to help. Ultimately, to accomplish this task, over 60 institutions and more than 500 scientists and other personnel scattered throughout mainland China became involved. This achievement is all the more remarkable because it was accomplished during the Cultural Revolution using obsolete equipment, and at a time when all regular research was halted, scientists were harassed and denigrated, and academic and intellectual activity was discouraged or even forbidden. The drug discovered - artemisinin from the plant Qinghao (Artemisia annua L) - is now the most widely used treatment for malaria in the world. Chinese Editor Zhang Jianfang was the principal administrator of Project 523. He is now 87 years old, retired, and lives in Beijing. Translators Keith and Muoi Arnold of Northern California were the first Western medical scientists to be informed about and to publish on qinghaosu (artemisinin). Publisher's website: http://sbpra.com/ZhangJianfang

During the last decade, an increased interest in somatic stem cells has led to a flurry of research on one of the most accessible tissues of the body: skin. Much effort has focused on such topics as understanding the heterogeneity of stem cell pools within the epidermis and dermis, and their comparative utility in regenerative medicine applications. In Skin Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study skin stem cells. These include methods and techniques for the isolation, maintenance and characterization of stem cell populations from skin. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Skin Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols seeks to aid scientists in the further understanding of these diverse cell types and the translation of their biological potential to the in vivo setting.

2013 Reprint of 1921 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. George Washington Carey (1845-1924) was an American physician known for a number of his 'Chemistry of Life' publications, a subject which he referred to as biochemistry, particularly in his 1919 "The Chemistry of Human Life." Carey combined a mixture of religion, astrology, physiology, anatomy, and chemistry, themed particularly with a mineral-based theory of human disease, to develop his theories. Carey is popular among the new-age and homeopathic circles. In the context of a person viewed as a "human molecule," Carey was the first to state that a person's body is a "chemical formula in operation." With the renewed interest in homeopathy, increased study of astrology and the entrance of the Aquarian Age, Carey's work has gained more importance. This book is serves as a biochemic statement of the cause of disease and the physiological and chemical operation of the human organism and its chemical formulas as well as a statement on the chemical bridge or link between man and God.

2013 Reprint of 1917 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. George Washington Carey (1845-1924) was an American physician known for his 'chemistry of life' publications, a subject which he referred to as biochemistry. Carey combined a mixture of religion, astrology, physiology, anatomy, and chemistry, themed particularly with a mineral-based theory of human disease to explain his views on human chemistry. He continues to be popular within new-age and homeopathic circles. In the context of a person viewed as a "human molecule," Carey was the first to state that a person's body is a "chemical formula in operation."

The future of oncology seems to lie in Molecular Medicine (MM). MM is a new science based on three pillars. Two of them are evident in its very name and are well known: medical science and molecular biology. However, there is a general unawareness that MM is firmly based on a third, and equally important, pillar: Systems Biomedicine. Currently, this term denotes multilevel, hierarchical models integrating key factors at the molecular, cellular, tissue, through phenotype levels, analyzed to reveal the global behavior of the biological process under consideration. It becomes increasingly evident that the tools to construct such complex models include, not only bioinformatics and modern applied statistics, as is unanimously agreed, but also other interdisciplinary fields of science, notably, Mathematical Oncology, Systems Biology and Theoretical Biophysics.

The first insights into the site and mechanisms of RNA process- ing to functional mRNA in eukaryotic cells came from the group of Georgiev (Lukanidin et al. 1972) who demonstrated the association of rapidly labelled, heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) with a limited number of specific proteins in the cell nucleus. These "informofers", i. e. packaged precursors of mRNA (pre-mRNA or hnRNA), are in a form presumably amenable to the action of nucleases. With the availability of better analytical techniques, the considerable heterogeneity of hnRNA associated proteins was revealed (Niessing and Sekeris 1970), suggesting a role that was more composite, rather than solely structural, for these proteins. Later studies investigated the RNA binding behavior of these proteins (Schenkel et al. 1988, 1989; Wilk et al. 1983). For a long time, the small nuclear RNAs, well characterized with respect to primary structure (reviewed by Reddy and Busch 1983), were naively ignored regarding their function. Several events then set the stage for a detailed study of the intricate mechanisms of the splicing process and other steps involved in hnRNA processing: (1) The demonstration of a second class of nuclear ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), composed of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and another characteristic group ofheterogene- ous proteins (Lerner et al. 1980; Guialis et al. 1983); (2) the detec- tion of the association of snRNPs with hnRNPs by virtue of base pairing between hnRNA and snRNA (Flytzanis et al.

Fully updated and revised for its second edition, the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Examination and Practical Skills is the only truly comprehensive pocket guide to all aspects of history taking, physical examination, practical procedures, data interpretation, and communication skills. Packed with expert knowledge and practical guidance it gives realistic advice on coping with common situations. The handbook is structured to allow rapid reference of key information, and to aid understanding with concise and practical clinical guidance. Full colour throughout, it includes over 140 detailed photographs and diagrams of all common examination skills to show you exactly what you need to do and the theory, practice and complications for each. More photos have been included, with over half completely new and specially produced for this edition. Each system chapter covers applied anatomy, history, examination, and the presentation of common and important disorders. Data interpretation covers the basics of x-rays, ECGs and other key areas. A new chapter on the eyes is included along with the sections on body language and non-verbal communication, and the section on practical procedures has been expanded. This handbook will help to ensure you have the confidence and skill to carry out an 'A' grade examination every time.

Protein folding dysfunctions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases present intractable medical challenges: drug treatments are, at best, palliative, failing to alter ultimate disease course. Effective intervention will require a deeper understanding of protein folding and its regulation, particularly in view of a sixfold rise in the inflation-adjusted cost of bringing drugs to market since 1950. As a consequence, the pharmaceutical industry has sharply curtailed research on a range of poorly-understood afflictions, including Alzheimer's Disease. That is, in all likelihood, there will not be effective drugs for many protein folding disorders anytime soon, and, if produced, the costs will be prohibitive. Here we follow protein folding and its failure from the cellular to social levels of organization, finding a strong foundation for effective public health interventions against the early onset of disease.

This book is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of the essential clinical trial elements in a concise fashion. It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide to all the personnel involved in the conduct of clinical trials as well as to those who plan to enter this field. Spanning over 167 pages the book provides a thorough compilation on, 1. Fundamentals of Clinical Research 2. Glossary of Clinical Trials Terminology (1052 frequently used terminologies of clinical research) 3. Abbreviations (224 frequently used terminologies of clinical research) 4. Clinical Trial Stakeholders 5. Clinical Study Process 6. Location of Essential Documents Before, During and After Completion of a Clinical Trial 7. Critical Milestones of a Clinical Trial Project 8. Overview of Regulatory Environment in USA, Australia, Europe, UK and India Being the first and only book on this important topic it has fulfilled the unmet need and is of great benefit to all the personnel involved in clinical research.

Over the last 20 years, biochemistry and molecular biology have undergone a revolution that has affected our understanding of the oral cavity. Topics in Dental Biochemistry is primarily designed for students of dentistry who need to relate biochemistry and molecular biology to dentally related topics in physiology, nutrition, anatomy, histology, microbiology, and immunology. The book will also be of value for dental professionals, scientists, and practitioners of medicine who are interested in hard and soft tissue structure and disease. It provides the necessary basic scientific background for a clearer understanding of bone, tooth, saliva, and surrounding soft tissue research and also for an appreciation of how dental caries and periodontal disease might be better diagnosed and controlled in the future. Dentistry was developed to treat dental caries, but since the early 20th century it has increasingly been treating periodontal, traumatic and genetic diseases affecting tooth structure and attachment. Fluoridation is discussed at length. Other methods for controlling dental caries and new or suggested methods for controlling oral hygiene and periodontal disease are also discussed.

This new book, from the editor of the highly successful Pharmaceutical Analysis, sets out to define the area of pharmaceutical chemistry as distinct from medicinal chemistry. It focuses less on prototypes of drugs that perhaps never came to market and more on the drugs currently in use. The emphasis in the book is on the physicochemical properties of drug molecules and, in so far as they are known, the way that these properties govern the interaction of the drug with its target. Important physicochemical properties include pKa and partition coefficient and the properties of the structural elements within the drug which provide interactions with the target via a range of intermolecular forces. The last fifteen years has seen a great advance in the knowledge of protein structures and a strong emphasis is given to the interaction of drugs with proteins which shape the majority of drug mechanisms. Features: Focus on intramolecular actions Mechanisms of action richly illustrated Self-assessment included Comprehensive chapters on vitamins and biotechnological products Focus on intramolecular actions Mechanisms of action richly illustrated Self-assessment included Comprehensive chapters on vitamins and biotechnological products

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

Germination of the thought of "Enzymatic- and Transporter-Based Drug-Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges" Proceedings came about as part of the annual meeting of The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) that was held in San Diego in November of 2007. The attendance of workshop by more than 250 pharmaceutical scientists reflected the increased interest in the area of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), the greater focus of PhRMA, academia, and regulatory agencies, and the rapid pace of growth in knowledge. One of the aims of the workshop was to address the progress made in quantitatively predicting enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs as well as highlighted areas where such predictions are poor or areas that remain challenging for the future. Because of the serious clinical implications, initiatives have arisen from the FDA (http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/interactstud.htm) to highlight the importance of enzyme- and transporter-based DDIs. During the past ten to fifteen years, we have come to realize that transporters, in addition to enzymes, play a vital role in drug elimination. Such insight has been possible because of the continued growth in PK-ADME (pharmacokinetics-absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion) knowledge, fueled by further advances in molecular biology, greater availability of human tissues, and the development of additional and sophisticated model systems and sensitive assay methods for studying drug metabolism and transport in vitro and in vivo. This has sparked an in-depth probing into mechanisms surrounding DDIs, resulting from ligand-induced changes in nuclear receptors, as well as alterations in transporter and enzyme expression and function. Despite such advances, the in vitro and in vivo study of drug interactions and the integration of various data sets remain challenging. Therefore, it has become apparent that a proceeding that serves to encapsulate current strategies, approaches, methods and applications is necessary. As Editors, we have assembled a number of opinion leaders and asked them to contribute chapters surrounding these issues. Many of these are the original Workshop speakers whereas others had been selected specially to contribute on topics related to basic and applied information that had not been covered in other reference texts on DDI. The resulting tome, entitled Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Drug Interactions: Progress and Future Challenges, comprises of four sections. Twenty-eight chapters covering various topics and perspectives related to the subject of metabolic and transporter-based drug-drug interactions are presented.

This book, with its 16 chapters, documents the present state of knowledge of the adenosine A receptor. It covers a wide range of information, including data from 3 studies of theoretical, molecular and cellular pharmacology, signal transduction, integrative physiology, new drug discoveries and clinical applications. It fills an important gap in the literature since no alternative source of such information is currently available. Although the A receptor is increasingly being recognized for 3 its increasing number of biological roles throughout the body and many A receptor 3 ligands have proven useful in elucidating peripheral and central pathologies, many issues remain unresolved. Moreover, research activity in this field continues to grow exponentially, resulting in a constant flow of new information. The chapters in this book cover both basic science and the relevant applications and provide an authoritative account of the current status of the field. They have enabled my goal as editor to make "A Adenosine Receptors from Cell Biology to Pharmacology and 3 Therapeutics" an up to date, scientifically excellent, reference source, attractive to basic and clinical scientists alike, a reality. Detailed understanding of the physico-chemical aspects and molecular biology of the A receptor provides a solid basis for its future development as a target for 3 adenosine-based pharmacotherapies (Chapters 2 and 3).

The culmination of more than ten years of research by the authors, this book describes for the first time ever the scientific basis and clinical applications of medical biochemistry, a fundamental paradigm shift in medicine. This paradigm shift is so revolutionary that it has been called the Neustadt-Pieczenik Paradigm, which is the fusion and clinical applications of biochemistry, thermodynamics, physiology, fractal enzymology, nutritional medicine and laboratory testing to identify and correct the underlying causes of many diseases that are considered genetic in nature (eg, Phenylketonuria) and those that are not considered genetic (eg, mature onset asthma, depression, fatigue). In this new medicine, doctors must reject the failed, purely symptomatic treatments they learned in medical school and focus on learning and treating the underlying biochemical causes of disease. From the first documented clinical observations of biochemical individuality in the early 1900s to the development of sophisticated biochemical tests, the authors provide a detailed and stunning analysis of a new medical model to help millions and cure our ailing healthcare system. They uniquely contrast the conventional medical approach with the functional biochemical approach through extensive case studies on depression, arthritis, migraine headaches, seizures, rashes and more. This book is a must-read for physicians, medical students, nutritionists, and anyone looking to take charge of their health.

The present monograph is devoted to the chemistry of nitroazoles, one of the most interesting series of heteroaromatic compounds. The azoles hold a special position in the chemistry of heterocycles. Their unique properties and specific biological activity attract much attention of research chemists all over the world. During the last years the interest in the chemistry of nitroazoles has increasing. The nitro derivatives of azoles have found a wide application in various fields of industrial chemistry, agriculture, and medicine. Medical products developed by nitroazoles incluce a- mycin, metronidazole, misonidazole, tinidazole, nitazole, etc. , ionic liquids, hi- energy materials, synthons for nanocompounds, universal bases in peptide nucleic acids, plant growth regulators, and intermediates for organic synthesis. The investigations in the field of energetic compounds have received enormous interest in recent years. Energetic materials on the base nitroazoles - explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics - are widely used for both civilian and military applications. Nitroazoles, especially polynitroazoles, possess higher heat of for- tion, density, and oxygen balance than their carbocyclic analogs. A number of ongoing research programs worldwide are aimed for the development of new explosives and propellants with higher performance characteristics or enhanced insensitivity to thermal or shock insults and pyrotechnics with reduced smoke. The preparation of nitroazoles demonstrates its great synthetic potential. At the same time, feasibility and availability of the starting molecules make this strategy a p- erful method for high-energy material construction.

The ubiquitin system has two major functions in eukaryotic cells: it r- ulates protein degradation, which is essential for normal cellular fu- tion and for the removal of potentially harmful, damaged, or misfolded proteins, and it controls protein activity by regulating protein-protein interactions and subcellullar localization. The ubiquitin system is thus involved in processes as diverse as cell cycle progression, signal tra- duction, gene transcription, and DNA repair. Not surprisingly, defects in the ubiquitin system have been linked with numerous diseases such as cancer, in?ammation, central nervous system disorders, and metabolic dysfunction. Ubiquitin is a highly conserved 76-amino acid protein which is transferred to its target protein in an ATP-dependent manner. This post-translational modi?cation takes place in a hierarchical, three-step fashion involving an E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, an E2 ubiquit- conjugating enzyme, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Substrate speci?city is predominantly controlled by members of a large family of E3 - zymes, which form complexes with the proteins that will be modi?ed. This ultimately leads to the covalent attachment of the C-terminus of ubiquitin to usually an?-amino group of a lysine residue in the targeted protein. Additional ubiquitin transfer to lysine-48 of ubiquitin itself will form a polyubiquitin chain, which usually targets the conjugate for degradation by the proteasome. By contrast, mono- or polyubiquityla- VI Preface tion involving lysine-63 is normally involved in the control of protein activity. Ubiquitylation can be reverted by deubiquitylating enzymes, of which approximately 95 exist in mammals.

On The Methods Of Performing Experiments Of Demonstration Or Of Research, With Accuracy And Success.